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17 results for “Sexual communication”
Ripple effects in a communication network: Anti-eavesdropper defence elicits elaborated sexual signals in rival males
<p>Emitting conspicuous signals into the environment to attract mates comes with the increased risk of interception by eavesdropping enemies. As a defence, a commonly described strategy is for signallers to group together in leks, diluting each individual's risk. Lekking systems are often highly social settings in which competing males dynamically alter their signalling behaviour to attract mates. Thus, signalling at the lek requires navigating fluctuations in risk, competition, and reproductive opportunities. Here, we investigate how behavioural defence strategies directed at an eavesdropping enemy have cascading effects across the communication network. We investigated these behaviours in the túngara frog (<em>Engystomops pustulosus</em>), examining how a calling male's swatting defence directed at frog-biting midges indirectly affects the calling behaviour of his rival. We found that the rival responds to swat-induced water ripples by increasing his call rate and complexity. Then, performing phonotaxis experiments, we found that eavesdropping fringe-lipped bats (<em>Trachops cirrhosus</em>) do not exhibit a preference for a swatting male compared to his rival, but females strongly prefer the rival male. Defences to minimize attacks from eavesdroppers thus shift the mate competition landscape in favour of rival males. By modulating the attractiveness of signalling prey to female receivers, we posit that eavesdropping micropredators likely have an unappreciated impact on the ecology and evolution of sexual communication systems.</p>
Ripple effects in a communication network: Anti-eavesdropper defence elicits elaborated sexual signals in rival males
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Condition dependence in the sexual communication system of the Tungara frog
<p>Sexual selection can result in the evolution of extreme armaments and ornaments, and the development and maintenance of these traits can come at a considerable cost. These costs have been implicated in enforcing an upper limit on trait divergence and promoting condition-dependent traits such that only individuals in sufficiently high condition can effectively wield these armaments and advertise these ornaments. Numerous studies demonstrate the condition-dependence of sexually selected traits, especially those used by males to advertise to females. In this study, we investigated condition-dependent mating calls in the túngara frog <em>Physalaemus</em> (<em>Engystomops</em>) <em>pustulosus</em>. We manipulated male condition in the laboratory over a nine-day period by restricting food availability. We then documented the relationship between male condition (the relative change in body mass from night 1 to night 9) and acoustic parameters of his mating call; how male condition influenced the male's responses to call playbacks; and finally, if male condition influenced the attractiveness of the male's calls to females. Males who were not fed during this period showed significant changes to acoustic parameters relating to frequency, duration, and amplitude. In response to playbacks, unfed males called less, and made fewer complex calls. Finally, in phonotaxis experiments, females were more attracted to the calls of unfed males on night 1 to the calls of the same males on night 9. Fed males, on the other hand, showed no significant differences between nights 1 and 9 in call parameters, calling effort, and call attractiveness. This study shows the pervasive effects of condition on three aspects of sexual communication: signal parameters, behavioral response to vocal competition, and mating call attractiveness.</p>
Condition dependence in the sexual communication system of the Tungara frog
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Data from: Chemical communication, sexual selection, and introgression in wall lizards
Divergence in communication systems should influence the likelihood that individuals from different lineages interbreed, and consequently shape the direction and rate of hybridization. Here, we studied the role of chemical communication in hybridization, and its contribution to asymmetric and sexually selected introgression, between two lineages of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Males of the two lineages differed in the chemical composition of their femoral secretions. Chemical profiles provided information regarding male secondary sexual characters, but the associations were variable and inconsistent between lineages. In experimental contact zones, chemical composition was weakly associated with male reproductive success, and did not predict the likelihood of hybridization. Consistent with these results, introgression of chemical profiles in a natural hybrid zone resembled that of neutral nuclear genetic markers overall, but one compound in particular (tocopherol methyl ether) matched closely the introgression of visual sexual characters. These results imply that associations between male chemical profiles, sexual characters and reproductive success largely reflect transient and environmentally driven effects, and that genetic divergence in chemical composition is largely neutral. We therefore suggest that femoral secretions in wall lizards primarily provide information about residency and individual identity rather than function as sexual signals.
Holistic Wellbeing in COPD: Communication About Sexuality (COSY)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05696730. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Enhancing Sexual Safety: Couples' Communication and HIV Testing Among YMSM
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04289116. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Parenting Styles and Parent-Offspring Communication on Sexuality Issues
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01772628. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Survey on the Expectations of Adolescents With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Regarding Knowledge and Communication With Health Care Professionals in the Field of Sexual Health, and Their Parents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04791189. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Chemical communication, sexual selection, and introgression in wall lizards
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Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in sexual communication signal of a noctuid moth
Variability within sex pheromone signalling systems is generally believed to be low because of strong stabilizing selection; yet the noctuid moth Heliothis subflexa (Hs) shows significant intraspecific variation. One possible explanation is that females may alter their sex pheromone blend depending on prevailing olfactory cues in the habitat, which we termed the "experience hypothesis". This could be adaptive if Hs females experiencing the pheromone of another species, Heliothis virescens (Hv), responded to reduce the frequency of heterospecific matings. We exposed Hs females to no pheromone, Hs pheromone, or Hv pheromone in the first 3 days of their adult lives. Hs females in the latter treatment produced signficantly more of the acetate Z11-16:OAc, which inhibits the attraction of Hv males. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a moth sex pheromone, and suggests that behavioral differentiation may precede genetic divergence in the sexual signals of moths.
Clinician Communication About Sexual Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04262219. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in sexual communication signal of a noctuid moth
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Communication About Sexual Health in Gynecologic Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06904339. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Communicating About Sexual Concerns and Dysfunction Effectively (CASCADE) Program
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03658161. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Alcohol and Sexual Communication Among Couples in the Laboratory
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06865872. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data sets of the article Validation of the Health Protective Sexual Communication Scale (HPSC) in British and Spanish young adults.
<p>Data sets of the article <em>Validation of the Health Protective Sexual Communication Scale (HPSC) in British and Spanish young adults. </em></p> <p>SPSS data sets used to perform Exploratory Factor Anlaysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Spain and the United Kingdom.</p> <p>SPSS AMOS data sets to perform CFA in Spain and the United Kingdom.</p>
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