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726 results for “Shear”
Datasets to "Compressible test-field method and its application to shear dynamos"
<pre>This directory contains an index.html file with links to the run directories and idl plotting routines with secondary data for the other figures for the paper "Compressible test-field method and its application to shear dynamos" by M. J. Kapyla, M. Rheinhardt, & A. Brandenburg (Astrophys. J., in press, arXiv:2106.01107). If anything turns out to be incomplete, please email maarit.kapyla@aalto.fi or brandenb@nordita.org. </pre>
Data for "Nano-scale characterisation of sheared β'' precipitates in a deformed Al-Mg-Si alloy"
<p>This dataset contains data used in the publication entitled "<strong>Nano-scale characterisation of sheared β'' precipitates in a deformed Al-Mg-Si alloy</strong>". This publication concerns how β'' precipitates are sheared by dislocations during deformation. The data contained in this repository are data acquired on various transmission electron microscopes of specimens of the aluminium alloy AA6060 in peak aged condition after uniaxial compression to 5%, 10%, and 20%, in addition to the undeformed reference alloy.</p> <p>There are five main types of data:</p> <ul> <li>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images</li> <li>High-resolution TEM images</li> <li>High angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning TEM (STEM) images</li> <li>Scanning precession electron diffraction (SPED) data.</li> <li>Cross-sectional data of precipitates in undeformed and 20% compressed conditions.</li> </ul> <p>Data for the TEM, HRTEM, and STEM images are kept in zipped folders due to the large number of images (several hundreds for each compression condition). Folders are named following the format of "<alloy>_<compression>_<technique>", where technique refers to TEM, HRTEM, or STEM. Images are provided in both .hdf format and .jpg format (to aid in navigating the data). Please see <a href="https://www.hdfgroup.org/">HDF Group</a> for more information regarding the HDF file format, and <a href="https://www.hdfgroup.org/downloads/hdfview/">HDF View</a> for softaware to read and show HDF data. The Python package <a href="http://hyperspy.org/">HyperSpy</a>, is also useful for loading the HDF data for inspection, analysis, and presentation.</p> <p>For some STEM images, a stack of short-exposure STEM images acquired and analysed using the <a href="http://lewysjones.com/software/smart-align/"><em>SmartAlign</em></a> plugin to <a href="http://www.gatan.com/products/tem-analysis/gatan-microscopy-suite-software"><em>Gatan Digital Micrograph</em></a> is available. SmartAlign offers the possibility of rigidly and non-rigidly aligning the STEM images in the stack in order to reduce effect of specimen drift and scan noise during acquisition. The conventional STEM images are found in the zip archive labelled "STEM". When the filenames of the STEM images include "SAstack" and/or "SAimage", a STEM SmartAlign stack or the average through a non-rigidly aligned stack is available of the same field of view. In such cases, both the SmartAlign stack and the through-stack image is provided in the metadata in the .hdf file (note that not all stacks have been aligned, and in such cases no through-stack image is available). In addition, the SmartAlign stacks themselves are available in the subfolder "STEM\SmartAlign\" within each STEM folder. The through-stack images of the smart align stacks are also provided separately in the subfolder "STEM\SmartAlign\Aligned\". For the 20% compressed case, a lowloss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum and thickness maps of the imaged areas are also provided, in the subfolder "STEM\EELS\".</p> <p>The SPED data, acquired using the <em>ASTAR</em> system of <em><a href="https://www.nanomegas.com/">NanoMegas</a></em>, is provided as .hdf5 files in the root directory of the repository. They should be read using and <a href="https://github.com/pyxem/pyxem">pyXem</a>. The attached Jupyter Notebook "SPED_data_inspection.ipynb" can be used to access the SPED datasets. These datasets are 4D datasets, with two spatial and two reciprocal dimensions. They have been decomposed using the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm (NMF) used in HyperSpy. These decomposition results are included in the .hdf5 files. In addition, parameters used in the preprocessing of the datasets are attached in the metadata in these files. The metadata of these files are also provided separately as .txt files.</p> <p>Finally, measurements of the precipitate cross-sectional area and circularity is available as .csv files with the first column being the row index, the second the cross-sectional areas of precipitates measured in nanometers squared, the third column is the perimeters of the precipitates measured in nanometers, and column four is the <a href="https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/plugins/circularity.html">circularity</a> of the precipitates.</p>
Flume Experiment Testing the Impact of Artificial Streambank Roots on Velocity, Reynold's Shear Stress, and Turbulent Kinetic Energy using an Acoustic Doppler Profiler
The data published here is expected to accompany one publicly available dissertation (Chapter 4 of dissertation) and one separate journal publication. Once published and available online, the metadata will be updated with the relevant article information. The journal article/dissertation will have additional information regarding the published datasets and the methods used to collect the data. All data collected from these studies, and the accompanying Acoustic Doppler Profiler MATLAB files, are presented here. Journal Article title: Impact of Flexible and Rigid Artificial Roots on Stream Hydrodynamics
Mechanical data of rotary shear fluid pressurised experiments for the manuscript: "Fluid pressurisation and earthquake propagation in the Hikurangi subduction zone"
<p>Mechanical data of rotary shear fluid pressurised experiments.</p> <p>Tab-delimited file with calibrated measurements of:</p> <ul> <li>Time (milliseconds)</li> <li>Normal stress: Normal (MPa) </li> <li>Fault displacement: Slip (mm)</li> <li>Fault velocity: Velocity (mm/s)</li> <li>Shear stress: Shearstress (MPa)</li> <li>Downstream Pore Pressure: Pressure_ds (MPa)</li> <li>Confining Pressure: Pressure_conf (MPa)</li> <li>Upstream pore pressure: Pressure_us (MPa)</li> <li>Temperature of the upstream boundary of the gouge layer: Temperature_us (°C)</li> <li>Thickness of the gouge layer: Thickness (mm).</li> </ul>
Ring-shear experiments with strain markers
<p><strong>Experiment overview</strong></p> <table> <caption> </caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Shearing velocity [mm/min]</th> <th scope="col">Effective normal stress [kPa]</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>mdt4</td> <td>7.00</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mdt5</td> <td>0.70</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mdt6</td> <td>0.07</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mdt7</td> <td>7.00</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mdt8</td> <td>0.70</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mdt9</td> <td>0.07</td> <td>50</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br> <strong>Apparatus and material</strong></p> <p>These experiments were conducted in a ring-shear apparatus at the Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, with a sample chamber volume of 14,48 l. The till was Mid-Danish Till deposited at the Last Glacial Maximum, and sampled at Knud Strand, Denmark. All shearing commenced under water-saturated conditions, and I used BB-gun pellets as strain markers.</p> <p>Please see the following publication for more technical details on the ring-shear apparaturs:</p> <blockquote> <p>Damsgaard, A., D. L. Egholm, J. A. Piotrowski, S. Tulaczyk, N. K. Larsen, and K. Tylmann (2013), Discrete element modeling of subglacial sediment deformation, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 118, 2230–2242, doi:10.1002/2013JF002830.</p> </blockquote> <p><br> <strong>Data files and format</strong></p> <p><em>Sensor data during shear</em></p> <p>These data files are named in the style "<ID>-stress-shear.tsv", where<br> ID refers to the experiment ID seen in the table above.</p> <p>The values are tab-separated, with the following columns and units:</p> <ol> <li>Shearing distance [mm]</li> <li>Normal stress [kPa]</li> <li>Shear stress [kPa]</li> <li>Dilation [mm]</li> </ol> <p>Important!: The shear stress readings are unreliable due to sensor failure.</p> <p><em>Strain marker data</em></p> <p>These data files are named in the style "<ID>-shear-disp.tsv". The values are tab-separated, with the following columns and units:</p> <ol> <li>Marker position along shear direction [mm]</li> <li>Marker depth [mm]</li> </ol> <p><br> <strong>Author and funding</strong></p> <p>Anders Damsgaard <anders@adamsgaard.dk>, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University</p> <p>This dataset is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 897967.</p>
Mechanical data of rotary shear experiments and temperature measurements for the manuscript: "Fast and localized temperature measurements during simulated earthquakes in carbonate rocks"
<p>Mechanical data of rotary shear experiments and temperature measurements</p> <p>Each experiment is presented in a file with the experiment name (mechanical data of rotary shear experiment) and a file with the experiment name and _Temp (temperature measurement with the optical fiber).</p> <p>Mechanical data are presented in a tab-delimited file with calibrated measurements of:</p> <ul> <li>Time (milliseconds)</li> <li>Normal stress: Normal (MPa) </li> <li>Fault displacement: Slip (mm)</li> <li>Fault velocity: Velocity (mm/s)</li> <li>Shear stress: Shearstress (MPa)</li> <li>Axial shortening: Shortening (mm).</li> </ul> <p> In a separate file, temperature data are presented as tab-delimited file with calibrated measurements of:</p> <ul> <li>Time (milliseconds)</li> <li>Temperature from optical fiber in the channel at 1.5 µm : Temperature_1,5 (°C) </li> </ul>
Shear-stabilized jammed packings
<p>Authors are listed in alphabetical order.</p> <p>This data set contains approximately 140,000 shear-stabilized jammed packings, as described in [1].</p> <p>These packings contain <span class="math-tex">\(N = 16 \ldots 4096\)</span> particles with harmonic interactions, under a confining pressure <span class="math-tex">\(p=10^{-7}\ldots10^{-2}\)</span>. Ensemble sizes range from 10 (N=4096) to 5000 (N=16). </p> <p><strong>Particle interactions</strong></p> <p>The simulation code minimizes the enthalpy</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(H = \sum_{} \frac{k}{2} \delta_{ij}^2 + pL^2\)</span></p> <p>where L² is the simulation box area, p the externally applied pressure, k=1 the spring constant and </p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\delta_{ij} = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} R_i + R_j - |\vec{r_{ij}}| & \textrm{if } |\vec{r_{ij}}| < R_i + R_j, \\ 0 & \textrm{otherwise.} \end{array}\right.\)</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data files</strong></p> <p>The packings are stored in an HDF5 data file, with the following format:</p> <ul> <li>Example name: N1024P3162e-3_tables.h5 <ul> <li>Packings with <span class="math-tex">\(N=1024\)</span> particles</li> <li>Pressure <span class="math-tex">\(p = 3.162\cdot 10^{-3}\)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li>/packing_attr_cache is a data table containing properties of each packing, such as <ul> <li>the lattice vectors L1 and L2, describing the positions of periodic copies,</li> <li>sxx, syy, sxy, the boundary stresses,</li> <li>phi, the packing fraction,</li> <li>N - Ncorrected, the effective number of particles,</li> <li>Z, the contact number, and</li> <li>path, the path in the HDF5 file this packing can be found</li> </ul> </li> <li>Packings are stored in a directory structure, e.g. /N1024/P3.1620e-03/0090 <ul> <li>Each directory has attributes with the same data as in packing_attr_cache </li> <li>Each directory contains a table 'particles' which stores x,y and r. <ul> <li>HDF5 does not support float128 values, so the positions are stored as two float64 values x and x_err. Sum them as float128 to get the full-resolution value.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>[1] Simon Dagois-Bohy, Brian P. Tighe, Johannes Simon, Silke Henkes, and Martin van Hecke. <em>Soft-Sphere Packings at Finite Pressure but Unstable to Shear. </em>Phys. Rev. Lett. <strong>109</strong>, 095703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.095703</p>
Contact changes in shear-stabilized jammed packings
<p>Authors are listed in alphabetical order.</p> <p>This data set contains the result of small simple shear deformations applied to approximately 140,000 shear-stabilized jammed packings (see [...]), focusing on contact changes, as described in [1,2,3,4].</p> <p>These packings contain <span class="math-tex">\(N = 16 \ldots 4096\)</span> particles with harmonic interactions, under a confining pressure <span class="math-tex">\(p=10^{-7}\ldots10^{-2}\)</span>. Ensemble sizes range from 10 (N=4096) to 5000 (N=16). </p> <p>In addition, a data file summarizing properties of the first contact change for each packing is provided.</p> <p><strong>Particle interactions</strong></p> <p>The simulation code minimizes the enthalpy</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(H = \sum_{} \frac{k}{2} \delta_{ij}^2 + pL^2\)</span></p> <p>where L² is the simulation box area, p the externally applied pressure, k=1 the spring constant and </p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\delta_{ij} = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} R_i + R_j - |\vec{r_{ij}}| & \textrm{if } |\vec{r_{ij}}| < R_i + R_j, \\ 0 & \textrm{otherwise.} \end{array}\right.\)</span></p> <p> </p> <p>During shear, the boundary conditions are changed, and the system is relaxed to the new state. The simulation uses a bisection algorithm to efficiently step towards each subsequent contact change; see [3,4] for details.</p> <p><strong>Data files</strong></p> <p>The packings are stored in HDF5 data files. For each ensemble, we provide two files: one with and one without particle positions:</p> <ul> <li>N1024~P3162e-3_shear_noparticles.h5 includes all simulation data, but omits particle positions (see below for which data is included).</li> <li>For small data sets, N1024~P3162e-3_shear.h5 contains all simulations and all particle positions</li> <li>For large data sets, N1024~P3162e-3_shear_partial.h5 contains <em>a subset</em> of all simulations, but with all particle positions.</li> <li>Full particle positions for all simulations are available upon request to the authors. Please contact Martin van Hecke .</li> </ul> <p>All files follow the same HDF5 layout:</p> <ul> <li>Example name: N1024~P3162e-3_shear.h5 and N1024~P3162e-3_shear_noparticles.h5 <ul> <li>Packings with <span class="math-tex">\(N=1024\)</span> particles</li> <li>Pressure <span class="math-tex">\(p = 3.162\cdot 10^{-3}\)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li>Packings are stored in a directory structure, e.g. /N1024/P3.1620e-03/0090/SR for the packing with id 0090. <ul> <li>This directory contains a table 'data' indicating system parameters for each simulation step: <ul> <li>boundary conditions L1 and L2 (also as L, alpha, delta)</li> <li>pressure P,</li> <li>strain gamma,</li> <li>stresses s_xy (simple shear), s_xx and s_yy, </li> <li>number of contacts Ncontacts, contact number Z and number of rattlers #rattler</li> <li>number of changed contacts for this contact change bisection Nchanges, N+ (created), N- (broken)</li> <li>contact number Z</li> <li>energy U, enthalpy H and their change in the last relaxation step (dU, dH)</li> <li>step runtime t_run (seconds), #CG, #FIRE (number of conjugate gradient and FIRE iterations)</li> <li>path to the packing corresponding to this state (does not always exist for each state for older simulations)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Each state is saved in /N1024/P3.1620e-03/0090/SR/0000 (initial), /N1024/P3.1620e-03/0090/SR/0001, ...etc. <ul> <li>States are not included in the _noparticles.h5 files</li> <li>Some files omit intermediate positions, and only store positions just before and just after a contact change.</li> <li>The format of these directories is the same as in https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59216.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Finally, we provide a summary file (shear_summary_cache.h5) which contains one table ('data') with properties of the first contact change of all packings. We provide the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>The variable postfix determines whether the value was calculated in the initial state (_base), just before the first contact change (_min) or just after the first contact change (_plus).</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>General/simulation properties <ul> <li>Number of particles 'N'</li> <li>Random seed ['num', 'PackingNumber_base']</li> <li>External pressure 'P0_base'</li> <li>Simulation step ['i_min', 'i_plus']</li> </ul> </li> <li>Relaxation statistics <ul> <li>Last change in enthalpy during relaxation ['dH_base', 'dH_plus', 'dH_min']</li> <li>Last change in energy during relaxation ['dU_base', 'dU_plus', 'dU_min']</li> <li>Maximum gradient ['maxGrad_base', 'gg_min', 'gg_plus']</li> <li>Initial simulation runtime ['runtime (s)_base']</li> </ul> </li> <li>State properties <ul> <li>Number of rattlers 'N - Ncorrected_base'</li> <li>Number of non-rattler particles ['Neff_min', 'Neff_plus']</li> <li>Number of contacts ['Ncontacts_plus', 'Ncontacts_min']</li> <li>Contact number z ['Z_base', 'Z_min', 'Z_plus']</li> <li>Internal pressure ['P', 'P_base', 'P_min', 'P_plus']</li> <li>Mean overlap δ ['mean_delta_base']</li> <li>Packing fraction ['phi_base', 'phi_min', 'phi_plus']</li> <li>Enthalpy ['H_base', 'H_plus', 'H_min']</li> <li>Energy ['Uhelper_base', 'U_min', 'U_plus']</li> <li>Simple shear parameter alpha ['alpha_base', 'alpha_min', 'alpha_plus']</li> <li>Pure shear parameter delta ['delta_base', 'delta_plus', 'delta_min']</li> <li>Square root of area ['L_base', 'L_min', 'L_plus']</li> <li>Stresses on boundaries: <ul> <li>xx ['sxx_base', 's_xx_min', 's_xx_plus',]</li> <li>yy [ 'syy_base', 's_yy_plus', 's_yy_min',]</li> <li>xy ['sxy_base', 's_xy_plus', 's_xy_min']</li> </ul> </li> <li>Elastic moduli: <ul> <li> ['c1_base', 'c1_min', 'c1_plus',</li> <li>'c2_base', 'c2_min', 'c2_plus',</li> <li>'c3_base', 'c3_min', 'c3_plus',</li> <li>'c4_base', 'c4_plus', 'c4_min',</li> <li>'c5_base', 'c5_plus', 'c5_min',</li> <li>'c6_base', 'c6_min', 'c6_plus',</li> <li>'Dac_base', 'Dac_plus', 'Dac_min',</li> </ul> </li> <li>AC component of G(θ) ['Gac_base', 'Gac_min', 'Gac_plus']</li> <li>DC component of G(θ) ['Gdc_base', 'Gdc_min', 'Gdc_plus',]</li> <li>AC component of U(θ) ['Uac_base', 'Uac_plus', 'Uac_min']</li> <li>DC component of U(θ) ['Udc_base', 'Udc_plus', 'Udc_min']</li> <li>Simple shear ['Galpha_base', 'Galpha_plus', 'Galpha_min' ]</li> </ul> </li> <li>Contact change properties <ul> <li>Applied strain gamma ['gamma_plus', 'gamma_min'] <ul> <li><em>gamma_min is used as contact change strain</em></li> </ul> </li> <li>Number of created/broken contacts ['N+_plus', 'N+_min', 'N-_plus', 'N-_min']</li> <li>Number of changed contacts (=N<sup>+</sup> + N<sup>-</sup>) ['Nchanges_plus', 'Nchanges_min']</li> <li>Making & breaking strain from upar and uperp: <ul> <li>simple linear (SL) solution: ['gmk_SL_base', 'gbk_SL_base']</li> <li>full quadratic (FQ) solution: ['gmk_FQ_base' 'gbk_FQ_base']</li> </ul> </li> <li>G up to CC from fit σ=Gγ & error bar ['Glin', 'Glinerr']</li> <li>G up to CC from fit σ=Gγ + λγ² & error bar ['Gquad', 'Gquaderr']</li> <li>λ up to CC from fit σ=Gγ + λγ² & error bar ['lambdaquad', 'lambdaquaderr']</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>[1] Simon Dagois-Bohy, Brian P. Tighe, Johannes Simon, Silke Henkes, and Martin van Hecke. <em>Soft-Sphere Packings at Finite Pressure but Unstable to Shear. </em>Phys. Rev. Lett. <strong>109</strong>, 095703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.095703</p> <p>[2] Merlijn S. van Deen, Johannes Simon, Zorana Zeravcic, Simon Dagois-Bohy, Brian P. Tighe, and Martin van Hecke. <em>Contact changes near jamming</em>. Phys. Rev. E <strong>90</strong> 020202(R). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.90.020202</p> <p>[3] Merlijn S. van Deen, Brian P. Tighe, and Martin van Hecke. <em>Contact Changes of Sheared Systems: Scaling, Correlations, and Mechanisms</em>. arXiv:1606.04799. https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.04799</p> <p>[4] Merlijn S. van Deen. <em>Mechanical Response of Foams: Elasticity, Plasticity, and Rearrangements</em>. PhD Thesis, Leiden University, 2016. https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/40902</p>
IODP Expedition 391 Vane shear strength (AVS)
Shear strength was measured on section halves using a GEISA automated vane shear (AVS) frame and device controller. The device is suitable for sediment not affected by cementation (i.e., saturated, clay-rich, soft sediment). Shear strength measurements should be considered only approximate, particularly because the influence of pore pressure changes during the undrained experiment cannot be estimated. Report includes vane shear strength at the sample's failure point, maximum torque angle, penetration direction, and rate of vane rotation.
IODP Expedition 378 Vane shear strength (Torvane)
Sediment strength was measured on section halves using a Humbolt Manufacturing Torvane handheld instrument. The Torvane is suitable for sediment not affected by cementation (i.e., saturated, clay-rich, soft sediment).
Dataset for "Effect of the atomic structure of complexions on the active disconnection mode during shear-coupled grain boundary motion"
<p>This repository contains the data of the simulations and theoretical<br>calculations of the paper "Effect of the atomic structure of complexions on the active disconnection mode during shear-coupled grain boundary motion".</p>
Molecular Dynamics simulations of shear droplets
<p>This dataset contains the results of non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamic simulations of 2-dimensional SPC/E water nanodroplets confined between silica-like walls and under shear flow conditions, performed using Gromacs. The main purposes of these simulations are: a) to study the motion of three-phases contact lines over high-friction surfaces, b) to study the critical transition leading to droplet breakage and c) to test the modelling and prediction capabilities of continuous fluid dynamics simulation methods. The investigation of the points above is illustrated in an article, which has been digitally published on the Journal of Fluid Mechanics (doi:10.1017/jfm.2022.219, see references); please refer to the paper for a detailed description of the molecular simulations and of the tested CFD methods. The publication of this dataset not only grants the reproducibility of the results discussed in the article, but also serves as collection of benchmarks for the fellow researchers willing to test improved and/or alternative models to describe the motion of contact lines.</p>
Dataset for Heavy snowfall event over the Swiss Alps: Did wind shear impact secondary ice production?
<p>The change in wind direction and speed with height, referred to as vertical wind shear, causes enhanced turbulence in the atmosphere. As a result, there are enhanced interactions between ice particles that break up during collisions in clouds which could cause heavy snowfall. For example, intense dual-polarization Doppler signatures in conjunction with strong vertical wind shear were observed by an X-band weather radar during a wintertime high-intensity precipitation event over the Swiss Alps. An enhancement of differential phase shift (Kdp > 1◦ km−1) around −15◦C suggested that a large population of oblate ice particles was present in the atmosphere. Here, we show that ice–graupel collisions are a likely origin of this population, probably enhanced by turbulence. We perform sensitivity simulations that include ice–graupel collisions of a cold frontal passage to investigate whether these simulations can capture the event better and whether the vertical wind shear had an impact on the secondary ice production (SIP) rate. The simulations are conducted with the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO), at a 1km horizontal grid spacing in the Davos region in Switzerland. The rime splintering simulations could not reproduce the high ice crystal number concentrations, produced too large ice particles and therefore overestimated the radar reflectivity. The collisional-breakup simulations reproduced both the measured horizontal reflectivity and the ground-based observations of hydrometeor number concentration more accurately (∼ 20L−1). During 14:30–15:45UTC, the vertical wind shear strengthened by 60% within the region favorable for SIP. Calculation of the mutual information between the SIP rate and vertical wind shear and updraft velocity suggests that the SIP rate is best predicted by the vertical wind shear rather than the updraft velocity. The ice–graupel simulations were insensitive to the parameters in the model that control the size threshold for the conversion from ice to graupel and snow to graupel.</p>
Data Set for "Alteration's control on frictional behavior and the depth of the ductile shear zone in geothermal reservoirs in volcanic arcs" I: Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc
<p>Data set for the 48 friction experiments performed for gouge samples (altered andesitic rocks) from the Lesser Antilles used in the manuscript, "Alteration's control on frictional behavior and the depth of the ductile shear zone in geothermal reservoirs in volcanic arcs". This data set can be used in combination with the data set for the Cascades used in the same manuscript (doi:10.5281/zenodo.10964936). This large combined data set (of 108 frictional experiments) represents a unique opportunity to systematically study frictional behaviour in the framework of rate and state. All samples are tested in wet and dry conditions at 10, 30, and 50 MPa with velocity steps and slide-hold-slides. These two data sets have the further advantage of being performed with exactly the same protocol (same run in, same initial gouge thickness, same velocity steps, same hold periods), in the same machine, by the same operator (or by an operator who was trained and supervised by the original operator). </p>
IODP Expedition 371 Vane shear strength (AVS)
Shear strength was measured on section halves using a GEISA automated vane shear (AVS) frame and device controller. The device is suitable for sediment not affected by cementation (i.e., saturated, clay-rich, soft sediment). Shear strength measurements should be considered only approximate, particularly because the influence of pore pressure changes during the undrained experiment cannot be estimated. Report includes vane shear strength at the sample's failure point, maximum torque angle, penetration direction, and rate of vane rotation.
Compression tests and direct shear test of two types of railway ballast
<p>This data set contains measurement data from uniaxial compression tests and direct shear tests<br> conducted on two types of railway ballast.<br> For a detailed description of the experiments see:</p> <p>B. Suhr, S. Marschnig and K. Six:<br> "Comparison of two different types of railway ballast in compression and direct shear tests:<br> experimental results and DEM model validation"<br> Granular Matter (2018)<br> Doi: 10.1007/s10035-018-0843-9</p> <p>For the uniaxial compression tests, measured normal forces and vertical paths are provided.<br> The direct shear tests are conducted directly afterwards, i.e. the information for<br> one compression and one shear test are contained in only one file.<br> For the shear tests shear paths, shear forces and vertical path are provided.</p> <p>At first the uniaxial compression test is carried out. At the end of this test, the normal load is equal to zero.<br> For the following direct shear test, the normal load is constant (according to the load specified in the file name)<br> and not recorded in the file.<br> The direct shear test starts, when the measured shear path is greater than zero.</p> <p>Check the README.txt file for more information. </p>
A ferrofluid-based sensor to measure bottom shear stresses under currents and waves. Data set: Ferrofluids_Opt_2018_DiDonFranceesco
<p>The experimental calibration of the system for measuring bed shear stresses under currents was carried out at the Hydraulic Laboratory of the University of Catania.</p> <p>In this experimental campaign the magnet S0805 and S0808 were used. The tests were conducted for several bottom configurations (smooth bottom; thin sand d<sub>50</sub>=0.24 mm; coarse sand d<sub>50</sub>=0.56 mm; and mixed sand 70% thin sand and 30% coarse sand). The goals of such tests were: to study the effects of the type of magnets and to carry out a preliminary analysis the ferrofluid behavior over sandy bottom.</p>
A ferrofluid-based sensor to measure bottom shear stresses under currents and waves. Data set: Ferrofluids_Opt_2017_Privitera
<p>The experimental calibration of the system for measuring bed shear stresses under currents was carried out at the Hydraulic Laboratory of the University of Catania.</p> <p>In this experimental campaign magnet type S0805 and a number of magnets equal to 2,3 and 4 were used. The tests were conducted both over a fixed bed (Perspex<sup>©</sup>) and in the presence of mobile beds. The goals of such tests were: to study of the velocity profiles for some fixed and mobile bottoms; to study the effects of the number of magnets on the ferrofluid behavior; preliminary analysis of the bed shear stress over sandy bottom.</p>
Lap-shear testing bondrig design
<p>These files comprise of the design of a bondrig, used to bond multiple lap-shear samples in a single lay-up. The assembly file illustrates one method of fixing the bonded samples. As can be seen from the CAD image in the pdf, the bond overlap length was controlled at 12.7 mm as per ASTM D1002-10. The rig is designed for standard lap shear coupons with a length of 101.6 mm; once two samples are aligned at either edge of the bondrig (+<em>x</em> and –<em>x</em> edges) an overlap length of 12.7 mm will be achieved. As can be seen in the pdf, the top level was 1.92 mm higher than the bottom level. This gave a bond-line thickness of 0.3 mm when taking into account the thickness of the lap shear samples (1.62 mm). </p> <p>Two options are available for fixing the samples after lay-up, prior to curing (see Image 1).</p> <p>a. Fix the three cross-clamps across the samples as indicated in the assembly drawing</p> <p>b. Stack three cross-clamp bars and rest on the upper set of samples with the front edge in-line with the start of the step in the mounting plate; stack and place two cross-clamp bars as close to the overlap edge but avoid placing on the adhesive </p> <p>It has been shown that Method (b) is more effective at ensuring consistent bondline thickness within joints and is the recommended approach. A fluoropolymer release coating has been applied to this bondrig to remove fouling of the adhesive on the surface. This has been applied using to the CoBlast process. See www.enbio.eu for more information. </p>
Shear Wave Splitting and Mantle Flow beneath Alaska Data Set
<p>Entire data set for the (under review) publication "Shear Wave Splitting in Alaska."</p> <p>McPherson_S1_Station_Info is a table that contains the following columns (with header row): Station Name, Network, Latitude (Deg), Longitude (Deg). This is a table of all the seismic stations in Alaska and western Canada that we downloaded data from. Only stations that were active from Jan 1, 2010, to Aug 18, 2017 are included.</p> <p>McPherson_S2_Event_Info is a table that contains the following columns (with header row): Julian Date, Origin Time, Latitude (Deg), Longitude (Deg), Depth (km), Magnitude (Mw). This is a table of all the seismic events that occurred between Jan 1, 2010, to Aug 18, 2017 within the distance range 80 to 140 degrees from a station, over moment magnitude 5.</p> <p>McPherson_S3_Results_Info is a table that contains the following columns (with header row): Station Name, Back Azimuth (Deg), Distance (Deg), Fast Direction (Deg), Lower Bound (Deg), Upper Bound (Deg), Time Difference (sec), Lower Bound (sec), Upper Bound (sec), Julian Date, Origin Time. This table contains all of the minimum energy method (Silver & Chan, 1991) results that are displayed in Figures 4, 6-12 of the paper under review.</p> <p>McPherson_S4_Nulls_Info is a table that contains the following columns (with header row): Station Name, Back Azimuth (Deg), Distance (Deg), Julian Date, Origin Time. This tables contains all the null results displayed in Figure 5 of the paper under review.</p>
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