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217 results for “Shoaling”
Abundance of holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the Rowley Shoals, Australia, in 2018 and 2023
This dataset represents the first island-scale compilation of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) abundance data across all three protected atolls of the Rowley Shoals in the northwest coast of Australia. We specifically quantified holothurian abundance by doing standardized benthic surveys (SCUBA visual census along 50-meter transects) across 34 sites in both 2018 and 2023 as follows: Clerke Reef (n=18 sites), Imperieuse Reef (n=10 sites), and Mermaid Reef (n=6 sites). Given that many species here documented are listed as threatened or vulnerable by the IUCN, this dataset will help inform research and management efforts to protect these unique species and reef ecosystems.
Scott Reef and Rowley Shoals Coral Bleaching Data
Coral reefs have evolved over millennia to survive disturbances. Yet, in just a few decades chronic local pressures and the climate catastrophe have accelerated so quickly that most coral reefs are now threatened. Rising ocean temperatures and recurrent bleaching pose the biggest threat, affecting even remote and well-managed reefs on global scales. We illustrate how coral bleaching is altering reefs by contrasting the dynamics of adjacent reef systems over more than two decades. Both reef systems sit near the edge of the northwest Australia’s continental shelf, have escaped chronic local pressures and are regularly affected by tropical storms and cyclones. The Scott reef system has experienced multiple bleaching events, including mass bleaching in 1998 and 2016, from which it is unlikely to fully recover. The Rowley Shoals has maintained a high cover and diversity of corals and has not yet been impacted by mass bleaching. We show how the dynamics of both reef systems were driven by a combination of local environment, exposure to disturbances and coral life history traits, and consider future shifts in community structure with ongoing climate change. We then demonstrate how applying knowledge of community dynamics at local scales can aid management strategies to slow the degradation of coral reefs until carbon emissions and other human impacts are properly managed.
FIGURE 3 A, C in A new species of Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa
FIGURE 3 A, C. Skeletal architecture of the holotype (SAM H 5083) (A, 100 X; C, 50 X); C. Skeletal architecture showing the clear mesohyl region below the paratangential layer of anisostrongyles (100 X); B. Skeletal architecture of the paratype (SAF 94 23) (50 X); D. Skeletal architecture showing the region of convoluted tracts of anisostrongyles (100 X).
FIGURE 2. A in A new species of Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa
FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X).
Tropical range extending herbivorous fishes gain foraging benefits by shoaling with native temperate species
<p>Data1.csv contains the data to analyze the abundance of fish herbivore individuals as a function of the species and the type of shoal. </p> <p>Data2.xlsx contains the data to analyze the foraging activity of the herbivorous fish found in our study. We explored the relationship between bite rates per fish min-1 and the species, shoal type and shoal size. </p> <p>Data3.xlslx contains the data to analyze the shoaling configurations based on species origin. </p> <p>Minguito-Frutos_etal.R contains the R reproducible code to run all the analyses carried out in this study. </p> <p>Species_coocurrence_based_associations.R contains the reproducible R code to run the analyses to explore the strength of mixed-species associations between herbivorous fish. </p> <p>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Data1.csv, Data2.xlsx, Data3.xlslx, and Minguito-Frutos_etal.R contains the data and code used before submitting this work. </p> <p>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Minguito_Frutos_etal2025_SR_Rscript, Data_Rev_SR, and Data2_Rev_SR contain the data and code derived from the last submission to Scientific Reports. In this latest version, we modified our analyses of fish foraging activity that now evaluate: (i) the frequency and size of mixed-species shoals based on the origin of the species examined (using data in Data2_Rev_SR), (ii) the strength of pair-wise associations between native and range-expanding species (using Species_coocurrence_based_associations.R), and (iii) how the foraging activity of native and range-extending fishes was shaped by the composition and size of the shoals (using data in Data_Rev_SR). </p>
Data and R script for: Shoaling behaviour in response to turbidity in three-spined sticklebacks
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Many fresh and coastal waters are becoming increasingly turbid because of human activities, which may disrupt the visually-mediated behaviours of aquatic organisms. Shoaling fish typically depend on vision to maintain collective behaviour, which has a range of benefits including protection from predators, enhanced foraging efficiency, and access to mates. Previous studies of the effects of turbidity on shoaling behaviour have focussed on changes to nearest neighbour distance and average group-level behaviours. Here, we investigated whether and how experimental shoals of three-spined sticklebacks (<em><span>Gasterosteus aculeatus</span></em>) in clear (<10 <span>Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU))</span> and turbid (~35 NTU<span>) </span>conditions differed in five local-level behaviours of individuals (nearest and furthest neighbour distance, heading difference with nearest neighbour, bearing angle to nearest neighbour, and swimming speed). These variables are important for the emergent group-level properties of shoaling behaviour. We found an indirect effect of turbidity on nearest-neighbour distances driven by a reduction in swimming speed, and a direct effect of turbidity which increased variability in furthest neighbour distances. In contrast, the alignment and relative position of individuals was not significantly altered in turbid compared to clear conditions. Overall, our results suggest that the shoals were usually robust to adverse effects of turbidity on collective behaviour, but group cohesion was occasionally lost during periods of instability.</span></p>
Fig. 39 in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 39. Kaiparathina monticola sp. nov. A. Holotype, diameter 6.8 mm (MNHN-IM-2013-67168). B. Specimen with zig-zag colour pattern, diameter 6.0 mm (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35726). C–F. Live-taken specimen with blotched colour pattern, diameter 6.4 mm (paratype, MNHN- IM-2000-35727).
Fig. 38. A–B in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 38. A–B. Calliostoma pantopunctatum sp. nov., holotype, living animal, shell diameter 5.8 mm (MNHN-IM-2013-67275). C–E. Kaiparathina monticola sp. nov., holotype, living animal, anterolateral structure arrowed, shell diameter 6.8 mm (MNHN-IM-2013-67168). F. Stomatella multilirata sp. nov., Walters Shoal, stn WS03, greatest shell dimension 6.0 mm (MNHN). Images courtesy of Alain Barrère/ MNHN.
Fig. 37 in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 37. 'Gibbula' roseosticta sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, diameter 3.7 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-35722). D. Spire whorls showing white apex and deep rose-pink spiral cords on second whorl (paratype, MNHN- IM-2000-35724). E. Oblique apical view showing spirally corded early whorls with fine axial pliculae developing near start of third teleoconch whorl (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35723). F. Protoconch, sculptural details, if any, eroded (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35723). Scale bars: D–E = 0.5 mm; F = 100 μm.
Fig. 36. A–C, H–I in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 36. A–C, H–I. Solariella asaphea sp. nov. A, C. Apertural and oblique basal views of holotype, diameter 4.1 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-35719). B. Apical view of paratype, diameter 3.3 mm (MNHN- IM-2000-35720). H. Subsutural sculpture, holotype. I. Protoconch (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35720). D–E. Bathymophila williamsae sp. nov., paratype (MNHN-IM-2013-67176). D. Oblique view of spire showing detail of apical sculpture. E. Sculptural detail of protoconch. F–G. Phragmomphalina candida sp. nov., paratype (MNHN-IM-2000-35718). F. Oblique view of spire showing sunken suture and detail of apical sculpture. G. Sculptural detail of protoconch. Scale bars: D, F = 500 μm; E, G, I = 100 μm; H = 200 μm.
Fig. 35. A–D in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 35. A–D. Bathymophila williamsae sp. nov., holotype, diameter 8.5 mm (MNHN-IM-2013-67177). E–H. Phragmomphalina vilvensi Herbert & Williams, 2020. E–G. Walters Shoal, stn CP4907, diameter 14.7 mm (MNHN-IM-2013-67173). H. Large specimen with weak subsutural sculpture, Walters Shoal, stn CP4907, diameter 15.3 mm (MNHN). I–L. Phragmomphalina candida sp. nov. I–K. Holotype, diameter 12.8 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-35716). L. Subadult lacking umbilical septum, diameter 9.0 mm (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35718).
Fig. 42 in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 42. Stomatella multilirata sp. nov., paratypes, subadult (MNHN-IM-2000-35730). A–C. Detail of teleoconch sculpture. D. Protoconch morphology. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–C = 200 μm; D = 50 μm.
Fig. 34 in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 34. Parviturbo cicatricosus sp. nov., holotype, diameter 2.7 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-35710). A. Apertural view.B. Oblique basal view. C. Strong axial growth flaws behind outer lip, scale bar = 200 μm.
Fig. 32. A in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 32. A. Cantrainea herosae sp. nov., protoconch (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35706). B. Parviturbo cicatricosus sp. nov., holotype, protoconch and axial varices on early teleoconch. C–F. Microcollonia miniata sp. nov. C. Protoconch and early teleoconch (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35709). D. Operculum, maximum diameter 1.0 mm (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-35708). E. Radula, half row (ex stn WS07). F. Radula, rachidian and right lateral teeth (ex stn WS07). Scale bars: A–C = 100 μm; D = 250 μm; E = 25 μm; F = 10 μm.
Fig. 30 in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 30. Microcollonia miniata sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, diameter 3.0 mm (MNHN-IM-2013-67278). D. Faded shell, diameter 2.7 mm, stn WS07 (MNHN). E. Umbilicate subadult specimen with only two basal spiral cords, diameter 2.9 mm (paratype, MNHN-IM-2013-67279).
Fig. 28. A–B in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 28. A–B. Calliostoma pantopunctatum sp. nov., holotype (MNHN-IM-2013-67275). A. Oblique view of apex showing development of spiral sculpture. B. Sculptural detail of protoconch and early teleoconch. C–F. Bruceina areneformis sp. nov., paratypes C. Side view of spire. D. Umbilical region showing funicle-like cord within. E. Oblique view of apex showing development of spiral sculpture. F. Sculptural detail of protoconch and early teleoconch (C–D = MNHN-IM-2000-35700, E–F = MNHN- IM-2000-35704). Scale bars: A, C = 1.0 mm; B, F = 100 μm; D = 500 μm; E = 200 μm.
Fig. 27 in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 27. Calliostoma pantopunctatum sp. nov. A. Holotype, height 5.8 m (MNHN-IM-2013-67275). B–D. Paratype, height 9.8 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-34924).
Fig. 25. A, F in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 25. A, F. Benthobrookula araneum sp. nov. A. Protoconch (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38069). F. Sculptural detail at start of last adult whorl, holotype. B, G. Benthobrookula galeneae sp. nov. B. Protoconch (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38076). G. Sculptural detail at start of last adult whorl, holotype. C, H. Benthobrookula laticostata sp. nov. C. Protoconch, DW4899 (paratype, MNHN- IM-2000-38082. H. Sculptural detail at start of last adult whorl, holotype. D, I. Benthobrookula scalaroides sp. nov. D. Protoconch (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38085). I. Sculptural detail at start of last adult whorl, holotype. E. Benthobrookula semisculpta sp. nov., protoconch CP4911 (paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38090). Scale bars = 100 μm.
Fig. 24. A–C in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 24. A–C. Benthobrookula araneum sp. nov. A–B. Holotype, height 1.2 mm (MNHN-IM-2000- 38068). C. Paratype, diameter 1.1 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38069). D–F. Benthobrookula galeneae sp. nov. D–E. Holotype, height 1.25 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38075). F. Paratype, diameter 1.2 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38076). G–I. Benthobrookula laticostata sp. nov. G–H. Holotype, diameter 1.0 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38080). I. Paratype, diameter 1.0 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38082).J–L. Benthobrookula scalaroides sp. nov. J–K. Holotype, height 1.14 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38084). L. Paratype, diameter 1.0 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38085). M–O. Benthobrookula semisculpta sp. nov. M–N. Holotype, height 1.4 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38088). O. Paratype, diameter 1.4 mm (MNHN-IM-2000-38090).
Fig. 40 in The Vetigastropoda (Mollusca) of Walters Shoal, with descriptions of two new genera and thirty new species
Fig. 40. Kaiparathina monticola sp. nov. A–C. Paratypes (MNHN-IM-2000-35726). A. Oblique view of apex. B. Sculptural detail of protoconch. C. Basal view of juvenile showing lack of spiral lirae. D–G. Jaw and radula (paratype, MNHN-IM-2013-67260). D. Ventral (inner) surface of jaw, anterior edge below. E. Detail of jaw structure. F. Radula, entire width. G. Radula, detail of rachidian, lateral and inner marginal teeth. Scale bars: A, D = 200 μm; B, F = 100 μm; C = 1.0 mm; E, G = 50 μm.
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