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55 results for “Sicarius”
Figura 1 in Primeros registros de depredación intra-gremio de Sicarius thomisoides Walckenaer, 1847 (Araneae: Sicariidae) sobre el escorpión Brachistosternus mattoni (Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2005) (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) y el solífugo Pseudocleobis sp. (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) en Chile
Figura 1. Juveniles de Sicarius sp. y Bothriurus sp. Ambos ejemplares se encontraban refugiados debajo de la misma piedra en Valcheta, Provincia de RÍo Negro, Argentina. / Juveniles of Sicarius sp. and Bothriurus sp. Both specimens were sheltered under the same stone in Valcheta, RÍo Negro province, Argentina.
Figura 2. a in Primeros registros de depredación intra-gremio de Sicarius thomisoides Walckenaer, 1847 (Araneae: Sicariidae) sobre el escorpión Brachistosternus mattoni (Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2005) (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) y el solífugo Pseudocleobis sp. (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) en Chile
Figura 2. a. Hembra adulta de Sicarius thomisoides predando sobre un ejemplar de Brachistosternus mattoni en Mejillones, Región de Antofagasta. b. Hembra subadulta de S. thomisoides predando sobre un ejemplar de Pseudocleobis sp. en Llay-Llay, Región de ValparaÍso. / Adult female of Sicarius thomisoides predating on a Brachistosternus mattoni specimen in Mejillones, Antofagasta Region. b. Subadult female of S. thomisoides predating on a specimen of Pseudocleobis sp. in Llay-Llay, ValparaÍso Region.
Fig. 5. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009 in A review of the previously monotypic tribe Dibolostethini (Chelodesmidae: Chelodesminae) with description of two new species and a summary of the Chelodesmidae of the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot
Fig. 5. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009, holotype, ♂ (VMNH110810), left gonopod. A. Lateral view. B. Anterior view. C. Mesal view. Red circles = cingulum. Dashed lines = prostatic groove. Abbreviations: PfP = prefemoral process; S = solenomere.
Fig. 4. Body ring 4, sternal projections. A–B. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009 in A review of the previously monotypic tribe Dibolostethini (Chelodesmidae: Chelodesminae) with description of two new species and a summary of the Chelodesmidae of the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot
Fig. 4. Body ring 4, sternal projections. A–B. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009, holotype, ♂ (VMNH110810). C–D. D. inopinatus Means, Bouzan & Ivanov sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (VMNH110813). A, C. Lateral views. B, D. Posterolateral views. Abbreviation: Cx = coxae.
Fig. 3. Dibolostethus Hoffman, 2009 somatic characters continued. A, E. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009 in A review of the previously monotypic tribe Dibolostethini (Chelodesmidae: Chelodesminae) with description of two new species and a summary of the Chelodesmidae of the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot
Fig. 3. Dibolostethus Hoffman, 2009 somatic characters continued. A, E. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009, holotype, ♂ (VMNH110810). B–D. D. kattani Means, Bouzan, Martínez-Torres & Ivanov sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ICN-MD-1317-1). A. Coxa 2, mesal view, red arrow = gonopore. B. Left leg 4, posterior view, red arrow = tibial ventro-apical projection. C. Left leg of 5th leg pair showing incrassate femur, red arrow = tibial ventro-apical projection. D. Body ring 5, lateral view, red circle = anterior pair of sternal projections. E. Prefemur 5, red arrow = basal pore. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; Pf = prefemur.
Fig. 8. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009 in A review of the previously monotypic tribe Dibolostethini (Chelodesmidae: Chelodesminae) with description of two new species and a summary of the Chelodesmidae of the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot
Fig. 8. Dibolostethus sicarius Hoffman, 2009, paratype, ♀ (VMNH110811), vulvae. A. Left vulva, lateroventral view, with operculum at base. B. Vulvae in situ, held appressed to 2nd leg pair coxae with valve openings facing each other. C. Left vulva, lateral view.
Data from: Strong spatial structure, Pliocene diversification and cryptic diversity in the Neotropical dry forest spider Sicarius cariri
The Brazilian Caatinga is part of the seasonally dry tropical forests, a vegetation type disjunctly distributed throughout the Neotropics. It has been suggested that during Pleistocene glacial periods, these dry forests had a continuous distribution, so that these climatic shifts may have acted as important driving forces of the Caatinga biota diversification. To address how these events affected the distribution of a dry forest species, we chose Sicarius cariri, a spider endemic to the Caatinga, as a model. We studied the phylogeography of one mitochondrial and one nuclear gene and reconstructed the paleodistribution of the species using modelling algorithms. We found two allopatric and deeply divergent clades within S. cariri, suggesting that this species as currently recognized might consist of more than one independently evolving lineage. Sicarius cariri populations are highly structured, with low haplotype sharing among localities, high fixation index and isolation by distance. Models of paleodistribution, Bayesian reconstructions and coalescent simulations suggest that this species experienced a reduction in its population size during glacial periods, rather than the expansion expected by previous hypotheses on the paleodistribution of dry forest taxa. In addition to that, major splits of intraspecific lineages of S. cariri took place in the Pliocene. Taken together, these results indicate S. cariri has a complex diversification history dating back to the Tertiary, suggesting the history of dry forest taxa may be significantly older than previously thought.
FIGURES 150–153 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 150–153 Habitats where Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) has been found. 150. Pasture at Campina Grande, Paraíba. 151. Caatinga with rock outcrops in São Caetano, Pernambuco. 152. Caatinga with rock outcrops in Araruna, Paraíba. 153. Small cave at Jaguaribara, Ceará.
FIGURES 124–131 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 124–131. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius male palps. 124. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) from São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba (IBSP 162770), left palp, prolateral. 125. Same, bulb. 126. Sicarius cariri n. sp. from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí (UFMG 11040), left palp, prolateral. 127. Same, bulb. 128. Sicarius diadorim n. sp. from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais (UFMG 11602), left palp, prolateral. 129. Same, bulb. 130. Sicarius ornatus n. sp. from Milagres, Bahia (IBSP 161100), left palp, prolateral. 131. Same, bulb. Scale bars: 500μm (122, 124, 126, 128), 200μm (129), 100μm (123, 125, 127).
FIGURES 110–123. Sicarius ornatus n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 110–123. Sicarius ornatus n. sp. female internal genitalia. 110. Paratype from Milagres, Bahia (IBSP 161089), dorsal. 111. Same, ventral. 112. Ituaçu, Bahia (IBSP 10236), dorsal. 113. Same, ventral. 114. Itabaiana, Sergipe (IBSP 162812), dorsal. 115. Same, ventral. 116. Female paratype from Milagres, Bahia (IBSP 161081), dorsal. 117. Same, ventral. 118. Itaetê, Bahia (MNRJ 6261), dorsal. 119. Same, ventral. 120. Mucugê, Bahia (IBSP 56507), dorsal. 121. Same, ventral. 122. Subadult female from Milagres, Bahia (IBSP 161093), dorsal. 123. Subadult female from Itabaiana, Sergipe (IBSP 67162), ventral. Arrows indicate ventral branches of the spermathecae. Scale bars: 100μm.
FIGURES 142–149 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 142–149. Scanning electronic microscopy images of Sicarius spermathecae. 142. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) from São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba (IBSP 162768), dorsal. 143. Same, left branches. 144. Sicarius cariri n. sp., female paratype from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí (IBSP 162357), ventral. 145. Same, right branches. 146. Sicarius diadorim n. sp. from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais (IBSP 162291), ventral. Arrow indicates a ventral branch of the spermathecae. 147. Same, detail of the base of a spermathecae branch. 148. Sicarius ornatus n. sp. from Ituaçu, Bahia (IBSP 162254), ventral. 149. Same, detail of the base of the left branches. Arrow indicates ventral branches of the spermathecae. Abbreviation: M=dorsal membrane. Scale bars: 200μm (142, 144, 146, 148), 100μm (145), 50μm (143, 149), 10μm (147).
FIGURES 104–109. Sicarius ornatus n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 104–109. Sicarius ornatus n. sp. males. 104. Holotype from Milagres, Bahia (IBSP 161102), left palp, prolateral. 105. Same, bulb. 106. Itabaiana, Sergipe (IBSP 162807), left bulb, prolateral. 107. Male from the same locality, left bulb, prolateral. 108. Ituaçu, Bahia (IBSP 162249), left bulb, prolateral. 109. Andaraí, Bahia (MNRJ 6355), left bulb, prolateral. Scale bars: 100μm (except 102, 1000μm).
FIGURES 72–79. Sicarius cariri n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 72–79. Sicarius cariri n. sp. female internal genitalia. 72. Paratype from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí (IBSP 162356), dorsal. 73. Same, ventral. 74. Riacho Seco, Bahia (IBSP 161060), dorsal. 75. Same, ventral. 76. Guaribas, Piauí, Brasil (IBSP 56025), dorsal. 77. Same, ventral. 78. Bom Jesus, Piauí (MZSP 21551), dorsal. 79. Same, ventral. Scale bars: 100μm.
FIGURES 80–87. Sicarius cariri n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 80–87. Sicarius cariri n. sp. female internal genitalia. 80. Santa Quintéria do Maranhão, Maranhão (IBSP 35472), dorsal. 81. Same, ventral. 82. Xique-Xique, Bahia (IBSP 162288), dorsal. 83. Same, ventral. 84. Itaguaçu da Bahia, Bahia (IBSP 28955), dorsal. 85. Same, ventral. 86. Subadult female from Santa Quintéria do Maranhão, Maranhão (IBSP 35746), ventral. 87. Subadult female from Bom Jesus, Piauí (IBSP 27793), dorsal. Scale bars: 100μm.
FIGURES 52–63 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 52–63. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) female internal genitalia. 52. Neotype from Campina Grande, Paraíba (MNRJ 6521), dorsal. 53. Same, ventral. 54. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (IBSP 37920), dorsal. 55. Same, ventral. 56. Buíque, Pernambuco (IBSP 28048), dorsal. 57. Same, ventral. 58. Cabaceiras, Paraíba (IBSP 40985), dorsal. 59. Same, ventral. 60. Araruna, Paraíba (IBSP 41374), dorsal. 61. Same, ventral. 62. Subadult female from Gurinhém, Paraíba (MNRJ 6263), dorsal. 63. Subadult female from Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte (IBSP 162804), dorsal. Scale bars: 100μm.
FIGURES 33–40. Living Sicarius specimens. 33—S in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 33–40. Living Sicarius specimens. 33—S. tropicus (Mello-Leitão), male from São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba. This individual was found in an abandoned warehouse where there were powdered lime piles, thus the white coloration. 34—S. tropicus, female from Campina Grande, Paraíba. 35—S. cariri n. sp., male from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí. 36—S. cariri n. sp., female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí. 37—S. diadorim n. sp., male from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Photo by T.L. Pezzuti. 38—S. diadorim n. sp., subadult female from Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Photo by H. Yamaguti. 39—S. ornatus n. sp., male from Itabaiana, Sergipe. 40—S. ornatus n. sp., female from Ituaçu, Bahia.
FIGURES 160–165. Habitats where Sicarius diadorim n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 160–165. Habitats where Sicarius diadorim n. sp. (160–162) and S. ornatus n. sp. (163–165) have been found. 160. Cerrado-Caatinga transition in Itacarambi, Minas Gerais. Photo by M.T.T. Santos. 161. Caatinga near rocky outcrops in Itaobim, Minas Gerais. Photo by G.F.B. Pereira. 162. Secondary Caatinga in Itaobim, Minas Gerais. 163. Atlantic Forest- Caatinga transition in Itabaiana, Sergipe. 164. Small cave near stream in Itabaiana, Sergipe. 165. Cave in Ituaçu, Bahia.
FIGURES 29–32. Sicarius ornatus n in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 29–32. Sicarius ornatus n. sp. (female from Milagres, Bahia: 29–31; CHNUFPI 250) and S. tropicus (female from Cabaceiras, Paraíba: 32; IBSP 40985). 29. Carapace, dorsal. Notice the reddish brown coloration of the carapace in the portion that is not covered by soil particles. Arrows indicate groups of macrosetae. 30. First and second femora, anterodorsal. Notice groups of black setae. 31. Opisthosoma, ventral view. Notice the hair tuft located anteriorly to the spinnerets. 32. Spinnerets, ventral view. Setae from the right side were removed to show details of the spinnerets and the spigots. Abbreviations: Ac= aciniform gland spigot, ALS= anterior lateral spinneret, AT= anal tubercle, BS= black setae, Ht= hair tuft, Pi= piriform gland spigot, PLS= posterior lateral spinneret, PMS= posterior median spinneret.
FIGURES 22–27 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 22–27. Scanning electron microscopy images of Sicarius cariri n. sp. (female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí: 22, 23, 26, 27; IBSP 162705, 162706; male from São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí: 24, 25; UFMG 11040). 22—Carapace macrosetae, dorsal view. 23—Sternum macrosetae, ventral view. 24—Palpal femur setae, prolateral view. 25—Palpal cymbium setae, prolateral view. 26—Second right metatarsus setae, anterolateral view. 27—Opisthosoma macrosetae, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ChS= chemosensory seta, MS= macroseta, S= seta. Scale bars: 100μm (27), 50μm (22, 23), 20μm (24–26).
FIGURES 48–51 in The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga
FIGURES 48–51. Sicarius tropicus (Mello-Leitão) males. 48. Cabaceiras, Paraíba (IBSP 40985), left palp, prolateral. 49. Same, bulb. 50. Araruna, Paraíba (IBSP 41374), left bulb, prolateral. 51. Vale do Catimbau, Buíque, Pernambuco (IBSP 3612), left bulb, prolateral. Scale bars: 100μm (except 48, 1000μm).
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