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FIGURE 7 in A new species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) from the Tasman Sea

FIGURE 7. Phylogram of relationships among nominal desmacellid taxa. Tree shown is a maximum likelihood phylogeny (- lnL = 8811.690278) based on a GTR + Γ model generated in RAxML. Maximal bootstrap values and posterior probabilities (100% and 1.0) are indicated by closed circles at the nodes. ML bootstrap support values <50% are not shown; bootstrap values ≥ 50% but <100% are indicated at nodes. Posterior probabilities are mapped onto nodes (where node is supported by bootstrapping), following bootstrap values (BS/0.PP). Clades of poecilosclerid taxa are denoted "P" and primary chelae- (and their derivatives-) bearing poecilosclerids are indicated by the image of a chela; it should be noted that although species of Tedania Gray, 1867 lack true chelae, this has been interpreted by Erpenbeck et al. (2007) as a secondary absence.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) from the Tasman Sea

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of spicule complement from Sigmaxinella hipposiderus sp. nov. A, megascleres are represented by two types of styles, with the long straight styles dominant, scale bar = 200 μm; B, image of microscleres in the mesohyl, showing microxeas forming bundles, but not organised into true trichodragmata, scale bar = 50 μm; C, microxea, smooth and isodiametric, scale bar = 10 μm; D, sigma, c-shaped and without any spines on hooks, scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) from the Tasman Sea

FIGURE 6. Comparison of gross morphology of species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 found in Australian waters. A, S. australiana Dendy, 1897; B, S. soelae Hooper, 1984; C, S. dendroides Whitelegge, 1907; D, S. viminalis Hallmann, 1916; E, S. flabellata (Carter 1885) sensu Dendy, 1897; F, S. ramosa (Carter, 1883); image A from Hallmann (1916, pl. XXXIII, Fig. 1); image B from Hooper (1984, p. 8, Fig. 1); image C from Whitelegge (1907, pl. XLVI, Fig. 42); image D from Hallman (1916, pl. XXXIII, Fig. 4); image E from Hallmann (1916, pl. XXXIII, Fig. 5); image F original, syntype of Phakellia ramosa Carter, 1883, specimen BMNH 1884.4.14.2, collected from Sydney region; images A–D and E–F to same proportion, both scale bars = 50 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) from the Tasman Sea

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of skeleton structure from Sigmaxinella hipposiderus sp. nov. A, overview of skeleton, showing axial compression and plumose extra-axial region, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, extra-axial region, showing plumose tracts of styles radiating from central axis, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, axial region, showing strong compression with styles arranged in parallel into tightly packed bundles surrounded by dense spongin, scale bar = 200 μm; D, styles arranged in plumose brushes in extra-axial region and penetrating ectosome, scale bar = 500 μm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) from the Tasman Sea

FIGURE 2. Sigmaxinella hipposiderus sp. nov. Holotype (QMG 323175), habitus, scale bar = 25 mm. A, specimen on deck; B, specimen after preservation in ethanol (70%).

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) from the Tasman Sea

FIGURE 3. Schematic representation of skeletal arrangement of Sigmaxinella hipposiderus sp. nov., scale bars = 1000 μm. A, schematic of cross-section taken through upper branch of specimen (as indicated by the double-arrow 'a' on whole specimen image); B, schematic of cross-section taken through lower stalk of specimen (as indicated by the double-arrow 'b').

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) from the Tasman Sea

FIGURE 1. Type locality of Sigmaxinella hipposiderus sp. nov. in the Pacific ocean (Tasman Sea), off the southeastern coast of Australia. The specific location is at the Big Horseshoe Canyon, a side canyon to the Bass Canyon system off the eastern Victorian boarder, lying on the edge of the continental shelf, and at a depth of 160 metres. Image modified from Google Earth (©2009 Google™); scale bar = 500 km.

FIGURE 4 in Sigmaxinella cearense sp. nov. from sandstone reefs off Fortaleza (Ceará State, Brazil) (Desmacellidae, Mycalina, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae)

FIGURE 4. Sigmaxinella cearense sp. nov. Holotype (MNRJ 8687). A. Overview of the styles and sigmas. B. Detail of the apical terminations of two styles. C. Sigmas. Scale bars, A=100µm, B=10µm, C=5µm.

FIGURE 3 in Sigmaxinella cearense sp. nov. from sandstone reefs off Fortaleza (Ceará State, Brazil) (Desmacellidae, Mycalina, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae)

FIGURE 3. Sigmaxinella cearense sp. nov. Holotype (MNRJ 8687), skeletal architecture. A. Choanosomal architecture giving rise to unspecialized ectosomal arrangement in a spatuliferous projection. B. Longitudinal section of condensed choanosomal architecture in the peduncle area showing abundant spongin. Scale bars, 500µm.

FIGURE 2 in Sigmaxinella cearense sp. nov. from sandstone reefs off Fortaleza (Ceará State, Brazil) (Desmacellidae, Mycalina, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae)

FIGURE 2. Sigmaxinella cearense sp. nov. Holotype (MNRJ 8687). A. With live colour registered on the laboratory bench 2h after collection. B. With its colour after preservation in ethanol. Scale bar 2 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Sigmaxinella cearense sp. nov. from sandstone reefs off Fortaleza (Ceará State, Brazil) (Desmacellidae, Mycalina, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae)

FIGURE 1. Map showing the location of Parque Estadual Marinho Pedra da Risca do Meio, off Fortaleza, State of Ceará. Scale bars are 400 and 10km long, for the large map and for the insert, respectively.