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FIGURES 118–121 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 118–121. Male genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) kailai Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide AD935 (ZMUC). 118, capsule with phallus removed, ventral view; 119, same, dorsal view; 120, 121, phallus

FIGURES 96–102 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 96–102. Male genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 96, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide RA620; 97–99, uncus (partially reduced), paratype, slide RA621; 100, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide RA620; 101, 102, same, paratype, genitalia slide RA621 (ZMUC)

FIGURES 88–95 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 88–95. Details of morphology of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., slide RA621 (ZMUC). 88, 89, descaled head; 90, fragment of flagellum; 91, 92, hindleg; 93, forewing venation; 94, same, right wing; 95, hindwing venation.

FIGURES 83–86 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 83–86. Female genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) cercaria Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 83, 84, paratype, genitalia slide AD709; 85, same, genitalia slide AD720; 86, female abdomen apex, cercaria Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 87, same, nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. (ZMUC).

FIGURES 75–78 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 75–78. Male genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) cercaria Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide AD707 (ZMUC). 75, 76, capsule with phallus removed; 77, 78, phallus.

FIGURES 65–74 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 65–74. Adults of new Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) species. 65, S. cercaria Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype; 66, same, other male paratype; 67, same, abdomen; 68, S. nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., male paratype, abdomen; 69, same, male holotype; 70, S. kailai Stonis sp. nov, male holotype; 71–74, S. sapphirella Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., female holotype (ZMUC)

FIGURES 107, 108 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 107, 108. Female genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 107, general view, paratype, slide RA619; 108, same, apophyses and coils of ductus spermathecae (ZMUC)

FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 58–64. Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 58–61, examples of leaf mines: 58, S. nielseni, Hua-Hum, Argentina, ZMUC; 59, S. lanceifoliella (modified after Vári 1955); 60, S. promissa, Crimea, Europe, LEU; 61, S. sapphiripes, S. callicomae and S. eucryphiae (modified after Hoare 2000); 62, distribution map; 63, 64, adult of S. promissa (Staudinger, 1870), currently the only Simplimorpha species known from the Northern Hemisphere (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Schwarzau am Steinfeld, Austria). Note: the plant taxa names follow APG IV (2016) and Stevens (2017)

FIGURES 111–117 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 111–117. Bionomics of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 111–116, leaf mines on Myrceugenia planipes (Hook. & Arn.) O.Berg (Myrtaceae), Argentina, Neuquén, Lago Lacar, Pucará; 117, coccon (ZMUC).

FIGURES 79–82 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 79–82. Male genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) cercaria Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 79, tegumen, holotype, genitalia slide AD707; 80, 81, valva, paratype, genitalia slide AD726; 82, apical part of phallus, holotype, genitalia slide AD707 (ZMUC)

FIGURES 109, 110 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 109, 110. Leaf mines of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. on Myrceugenia planipes (Hook. & Arn.) O.Berg (Myrtaceae), Argentina, Neuquén, Lago Lacar, Pucará (ZMUC)

FIGURES 50–57 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 50–57. Wing venation of Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983 (sensu lato). 50, S. nielseni, forewing, Hua-Hum, Argentina, slide RA619; 51, same, hindwing; 52, 53, S. promissa, forewing, Crimea, Europe, temporary slide, LEU; 54, lanceifoliella, forewing (modified after Scoble 1983); 55, same, hindwing; 56, S. eucryphiae, forewing (modified after Hoare 2000); 57, same, hindwing Remarks: yet although the wing venation in general is valuable it is not without its limitations: independent losses are likely; being extreme tiny moths, the venation can be rather easily got reduced even in cases of related species (Figs. 53, 54) or, occassionally, within same species (Puplesis & Robinson 2000). Note that the morphological structures are drawn in different scales.

FIGURES 126–129 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 126–129. Female genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) sapphirella Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide RA594 (ZMUC)

FIGURES 103–106 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 103–106. Male genitalia of Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) nielseni Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 103, capsule with phallus removed, paratype, genitalia slide O.Karsholt4270; 104, same, phallus; 105, general view of male genitalia, paratype, slide RA622; 106, valvae, holotype, genitalia slide RA620 (ZMUC)

FIGURES 122–125 in A Gondwanan concept of Simplimorpha Scoble (sensu lato): a step toward clarity in the generic diagnostics of global Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)

FIGURES 122–125. Simplimorpha (Myrtinepticula) kailai Stonis, sp. nov. 122, male genitalia, slide AD935, ventral view of capsule; 123, same, dorsal view of capsule; 124, same, phallus; 125, habitat, disturbed tropical premontane forest (south western Amazonian selva), elevation ca. 700 m, Peru, Junín Region, Satipo.

FIGURES 19–20. A in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURES 19–20. A new location (distribution) record of Simplimorpha promissa in Ukraine. 19, a leaf mine of collected by Viktor Yepishin and Oleksiy Bidzilya (Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, Kyiv, Ukraine) on 28.vi.2023 in Kyiv City, Feofania Park, general view of the mined leaf of Cotinus cogyggria Scop.; 20, same, enlarged view of the leaf mine (photographs courtesy of Viktor Yepishin)

FIGURE 9 in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURE 9. The Neighbor-Joining tree of twenty-two Simplimorpha promissa specimens based on the 653 bp long mtDNA CO1- 5' sequences. The divergence was calculated using the Tamura 3-parameter model and a gamma distribution. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10.000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (bootstrap values below 50 are not shown). S. lanceifoliella was included as the next related species, Pseudopostega cucullata—as an outgroup

FIGURES 10–18 in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURES 10–18. Male genitalia of Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger) from Armenia. 10, Yerevan, Jrvezh Forest Park, 11.viii.2022, genitalia slide no. RA1128, capsule; 11, Yerevan, Jrvezh Forest Park, 21.viii.2022, genitalia slide no. RA1110, details of capsule; 15, same, phallus; l6, phallus, slide no. RA1128; 17, 18, cornuti, genitalia slide nos RA1110 and RA1128

FIGURES 1–7 in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURES 1–7. Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger). 1, host plant Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae), Ukraine, Odesa; 2, adult (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Austria); 3–6, leaf mines, Ukraine, Odesa; 7, same, Armenia, Yerevan (Jzvezh Forest Park)