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256 results for “Site measurements”
Spot and continuous seasonal pCO2 sensor measurements from lagoon and river sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2019-ongoing
pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) was measured in multiple seasons and depths in coastal ecosystems as part of the Beaufort Lagoons Ecosystems LTER core sampling program. Sites include several Beaufort Lagoons from across the North Slope of Alaska and several river sites near the lagoons. Data includes averages of sensor data for each site and depth deployment of pCO2 (uatm), CO2 (ppm), water temperature (°C), and absolute pressure (kPa). Standard deviation is included for pCO2 (uatm). Surface measurements were taken either 30 cm below the water surface, or bottom of the ice in ice-cover season, and bottom measurements were taken 30 cm from the seafloor of the lagoons. For lagoon sites, data were logged every one or five minutes; for river sites data were recorded every five minutes. Each site and depth was recorded for at least 30 minutes and up to four hours and taken as spot measurement.
Circulation dynamics: currents, waves, temperature measurements from moorings in lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing
Starting August 2018, five moorings deployed on the seafloor of multiple lagoons in the Beaufort Sea will record currents, waves, temperature, and pressure. Moorings are retrieved and re-deployed each August. This data is being collected to better understand the multi-seasonal circulation dynamics between the Beaufort Sea and coastal lagoons. Two moorings are deployed in Elson Lagoon, one in Stefansson Sound, one in Jago Lagoon, and one in Kaktovik Lagoon. Each mooring contains two data loggers: RBRduo3 T.D wave loggers and Lowell Instruments LLC TCM-1 tilt current meters. The RBR instruments measure temperature, pressure, and derived wave energy, average wave period, average wave height, maximum wave period, maximum wave height, 1/10 wave period, 1/10 wave height, significant wave period, significant wave height, tidal slope, depth, and sea pressure. The Lowell LLC TML-1 tilt current meters measure water velocity, heading, and temperature.
Sediment elevation measurements from the GCE LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) sampling sites from July 2013 to August 2022
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. We are measuring soil surface elevation tables (SETs) in the plots as one of the response variables for the SALTEx project.
Percent cover measurements of four site-dominant species from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) Project
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Percent cover was measured for four site-dominant species (Zizaniopsis miliacea, Pontederia cordata, Persicaria hydropiperoides, and Ludwigia repens) each July from 2013 to 2022.
Seasonal non-destructive vegetation measurements at 15 net primary production (NPP) study sites at Jornada Basin LTER, 1989-ongoing
This data package contains non-destructive quadrat measurements collected for the long-term Net Primary Production (NPP) study at the Jornada Basin LTER. Data here include measurements of horizontal cover and vertical height of plants observed at permanent NPP quadrats at 15 study sites. Sites were selected to represent the 5 major ecosystem types in the Chihuahuan Desert (upland grasslands, playa grasslands, mesquite-dominated shrublands, creosotebush-dominated shrublands, tarbush-dominated shrublands). For each ecosystem type, three sites were selected to represent the range in variability in production and plant diversity; thus the locations are not replicates. All sites are excluded from domestic grazing. Eleven sites are in non-grazed pastures, and at the other four sites 1 hectare areas around the observational plots were fenced in 1988. At all sites a grid of 49 (48 at one playa location) 1m x 1m replicate quadrats was laid out when sampling began in 1989. Grids consist of 49 quadrats arranged in a square 7 x 7 pattern, with quadrats 10 m apart (P-COLL has 48 quadrats in a 3 x 16 pattern). Standing vegetation in quadrats is sampled three times a year: in winter (February - March), before shrubs begin spring growth; in spring (May), when shrubs and spring annuals have reached peak biomass; in fall (late summer; October), when summer annuals have reached peak biomass but before killing frosts. Additional observations of plant count and phenological stage are also made. This dataset is subsequently used to determine quadrat biomass and net primary production. Details and linked data packages are described in the methods element. This is an ongoing dataset with new quadrat measurements collected in the spring, fall and winter of each year. Attention: 1) For most species, these data are not appropriate for estimates of percentage cover because of the way the data are collected. See Note 1 in the methods element for further details.
Temperature, Salinity, Sound Velocity, Location, Depth, Heading, and Velocity measured aboard the R/V Nanuq for the Northern Gulf of Alaska LTER site, 2020-2021
This dataset describes measurements from a thermosalinograph and navigation device used aboard the R/V Nanuq during cruises in Resurrection Bay and the Gulf of Alaska. Thermosalinograph data includes temperature, salinity, conductivity, and sound speed measurements every five seconds while the instrument was in use. Navigation data describes latitude, longitude, depth, heading, course over ground, and speed over ground. Data are collected on R/V Nanuq using the ship's GPS devices and a Seabird Electronics SBE-45 thermosalinograph (TSG) that samples uncontaminated pumped seawater. Temperature and conductivity data are sampled every 5 seconds and salinity and sound velocity are derived parameters. No data quality control has been applied to this data, so users should be cautious that conductivity, salinity and sound speed dropouts to due bubbles are common when the ship is plowing through large waves. Data are collected by a variety of projects, including from the NSF-funded Northern Gulf of Alaska Long Term Ecological Research (NGA LTER) program, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC) Gulf Watch Alaska GAK1 project, the UAF Sub-Arctic Oceanography Field Course, the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) glider program, and others.
Carbon Isotope and Ring Width Measurements from Tree Rings of Selected Canopy Species at Six Sites in the Eastern United States
Forest Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is defined as the ratio of carbon uptake per unit water vapor loss via transpiration. Micrometeorological measurements suggest that forest WUE has dramatically increased over the last two decades, in excess of what would be expected from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Coinciding with observed trends in forest WUE have been marked decreases in acid deposition throughout much of North America and Europe. There is evidence that acid deposition may impact forest WUE, either by altering the availability of nutrients in forest soils or by directly affecting foliar physiology. Changes in WUE could also lead to changes in stream discharge from forested catchments. The hypothesized response of forests to changing levels of acid deposition is not currently considered in the land surface components of global climate models (GCMs). Since carbon dioxide and water vapor are the two most important greenhouse gases, it is vital to accurately model their land-atmosphere exchange. This research uses a catchment-based approach to investigate the effects of changing acid deposition on forest WUE. Tree ring carbon isotopes reconstruct historical WUE time series within six catchments that have been differentially impacted by acid deposition due to distinctions between their underlying bedrock mineralogy and geological histories. The research also capitalizes on experimental treatments that have altered soil biogeochemistry in paired catchment designs (Bear Brook, ME; Hubbard Brook, NH; and Fernow Experimental Forest, WV). Additional watersheds that vary in underlying bedrock chemistry are also used in this research to examine tree-ring WUE time series as natural experiments along a base-cation gradient. These watersheds include Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Cone Pond Watershed, NH; and Shenandoah National Park, VA.
Summary of soil temperature, moisture, and thaw depth for 14 chamber flux measurements sampled near Arctic LTER shrub sites at Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summer 2012.
Soil temperature at 5cm and 10cm depth, volumetric water content (VWC) and depth of thaw for 14 shrub canopy flux plots measured in vicinity of the Arctic LTER shrub site, Toolik Field Station, AK in 2012.
Seasonal Ice Mass-balance Buoy (SIMB) measurements from sites along the Beaufort Sea Coast, Alaska, 2018-ongoing
Measurements of the thickness of sea ice and the depth of its snow cover allow us to calculate how their mass changes in response to the varying fluxes of heat between the ocean and atmosphere over the course of a season. Repeated drill measurements are not ideal for this purpose since each drill hole disturbs the ice and its insulating snow cover. Also, spatial variability in ice thickness can mask temporal changes if holes are not drilled in the same place each time. Hence, methods that do not require re-drilling are preferred. Automated systems such as the Seasonal Ice Mass-balance Buoy (SIMB; Planck et al, 2019) provide high temporal resolution for capturing sub-daily variations and typically include sensor strings to measure the vertical temperature profile from the air to the ocean, which can be used to infer other properties of the ice cover such as strength and porosity. Under the Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER (BLE LTER) research program, several SIMBs are deployed at sites along the Beaufort Sea coast and record a suite of parameters including but not limited to snow depth, ice thickness, position of ice surface and bottom, water/air temperature, and vertical profiles of temperature. Planck, C. J., J. Whitlock, C. Polashenski, and D. Perovich (2019), The evolution of the seasonal ice mass balance buoy, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 165, 102792, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102792.
Seasonal reference harvest measurements of vegetation at 15 net primary production (NPP) study sites at Jornada Basin LTER, 1989-ongoing
This data package contains reference harvest measurements for the long-term Net Primary Production (NPP) study at the Jornada Basin LTER. Data here include horizontal cover, vertical height, and aboveground biomass of plants harvested near, but outside, a grid of permanent NPP quadrats at each of 15 NPP sites. These sites were selected to represent the 5 major ecosystem types in the Chihuahuan Desert (upland grasslands, playa grasslands, mesquite-dominated shrublands, creosotebush-dominated shrublands, tarbush-dominated shrublands). For each ecosystem type, three sites were selected to represent the range in variability in production and plant diversity; thus the locations are not replicates. All sites are excluded from domestic grazing. Eleven sites are in non-grazed pastures, and at the other four sites 1 hectare areas around the observational plots were fenced in 1988. At all sites a grid of 49 (48 at one playa location) 1m x 1m replicate quadrats was laid out when sampling began in 1989. Harvests are made outside the quadrat grid, but inside the fence. Height and cover are recorded in the field. Live biomass is weighed in the lab and all measurements are recorded as reference harvest data. Subsequently, regressions between the harvested biomass and plant volume values are used to derive allometric equations that determine biomass from non-destructive volume measurements in the permanent NPP quadrats. Further details are described in the methods metadata. This is an ongoing study with new harvest data (from selected species) collected in the spring, fall, and winter each year. Attention: These data are not appropriate for estimates of percentage cover because of the way the data are collected.
Soil water content measurements and rainfall data for plots with experimentally altered precipitation and nutrient inputs at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2011-ongoing
This dataset contains soil volumetric water content data collected starting in 2011 for a long-term precipitation and nutrient manipulation experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. This experiment uses precipitation shelters and irrigation treatments to manipulate water inputs, and fertilization treatments to alter nitrogen input to 2.5 x 2.5 meter plots in a desert grassland. Soil sensors are installed at surface and deep soil layers in each plot and collect hourly averages of volumetric water content using a time-domain reflectometry method. This dataset contains daily averages. This is an ongoing study and the dataset will be updated yearly.
APT01 Daily precipitation amounts measured at multiple sites across konza prairie
Data set contains daily records of precipitation on 10 raingauges at 10 sites on Konza Prairie. Two sites (020A and 002C; SE) have 7-day clocks (one revolution per week), 7 have 24-hour clocks (one revolution per day), and the Headquarters raingauge generates daily data and 15 minute data. The Headquarters raingauge generates data year round. The remaining rain gauges are operated from April 1 to October 31. Precipitation amounts are recorded in mm. As of 2011, the HQ 1 (7-day clock) and HQ 2 (24-hour clock) raingauges have been discontinued and replaced with an Ott Pluvio2 rainguage that began data generation March 2010. APT011 - Precipitation on Konza Prairie collected at the Headquarter (HQ); APT012 - Precipitation on Konza Prairie collected at 10 rainfall gauges; APT013 - Precipitation on Konza Prairie collected at 8 rainfall gauges (HOBO Data Logging Rain Gauges).
Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Surface Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation from the Gobabeb Site in Namibia
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu; Ruddick et al. 2024) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical satellite products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu; Kuusk et al. 2024) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. This instrument has been deployed over various sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. Here, we provide the first fully quality-checked data for the Gobabeb HYPERNETS site in Namibia (GHNA). The HYPERNETS data products were processed using the HYPERNETS_processor (De Vis et al. 2024b).</p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2B hypernets products with surface reflectances, their associated uncertainties and error-correlation information. The reflectance in these products is the Hemispherical-conical Reflectance Factor (HCRF) defined as: HCRF = π L / E where L is the conical upwelling radiance (with field of view of 5 degrees) and E is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance). These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for a given geometry (combination of viewing zenith and azimuth angle). In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, number of valid scans used, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The GHNA site has minimal daily variation in surface cover and weather conditions and is an ideal location for sustained, homogeneous measurements. The site is well characterised as it is very close to an instrument already recognised as a radiometric calibration site (GONA) as part of the RadCalNet network (Bialek et al. 2016). The HYPERNETS site itself (23.60153 degrees S, 15.12589 degrees E) is 650 m from the RadCalNet site, and is located on a gravel plain near a dry riverbed which separates it from the neighbouring dune sea. The HYPSTAR®-XR sensor was installed May 2022 at the top of a 9m mast on an extended 1 m horizontal boom to minimise interruption of the field of view. Data are collected every 30 minutes between 9am and 6pm local time (UTC+02) between viewing zenith angles of 0 and 60 degrees. No measurements are taken at 2pm and 2:30pm local time to avoid the hottest part of the day.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-XR (eXtended Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR and a SWIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1700 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm and the SWIR sensor has 220 channels between 1000 and 1700 nm with a FWHM of 10 nm. The hypernets_processor (De Vis et al. 2024b) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. All of the products have associated uncertainties (divided into random and systematic uncertainties, including error-correlation information) which were propagated using the CoMet toolkit (www.comet-toolkit.org). For an example using these data for satellite vicarious calibration, see De Vis et al. 2024a).</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full GHNA data record and omit data that does not pass the relevant quality checks (QC). Some QC are performed during the near-real time processing done by the hypernets_processor (see https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/content/atbd/processing/quality_checks.html) to produce the L2A files. Then, a number of site-specific QC are performed as post-processing to produce the L2B files. These site-specific QC cover things such as removing flags in the L2A data, avoiding periods with bad deployment conditions, removing unsuitable viewing and solar angles, as well as poorly performing wavelength ranges and individual sequences. Any potential misalignment of the sensor is also corrected, affecting L1D irradiances, and L2B reflectances. These corrected data are then used in a more stringent clear sky check, and in a check that verifies the reflectances are within realistic ranges for a given angle and time of year for the given site. </p> <p>There was a rain event in Gobabeb in March 2025, resulting in the growth of grass at the site. We expect the site will be back to its normal surface cover in the near future. Since the rain event, less data passed the site-specific QC. A dedicated QC will be developed for this period, as the data with grass surface cover will still be useful for satellite validation. These updated data will be made available in the future. </p>
In Situ Carbon Dioxide and Methane Flux Measurements Using Opaque Chambers in a Sedge Fen Wetland (US-Los Lost Creek AmeriFlux Site, Wisconsin, Summer 2015)
This dataset contains in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes, collected using opaque closed chambers at the US-Los Lost Creek AmeriFlux fen shrub wetland site in northern Wisconsin during summer 2015. These data were collected to characterize variability of day-time mid-summer methane soil fluxes across the sampling area of the eddy covariance flux tower.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Hourly Evaporation measurements at Core Sites from 1988 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska
This study is a survey of the vegetation of the 35 control sites in Bonanza Creek LTER. The 35 sites represent replicates each of six successional stages of primary succession on the floodplain of the Tanana River and four stages of succession uplandsas well as a few recently burned sites. Data include percent cover of all species and count based on twenty 1 m2 or 4 m2 plots. Plots in young stages of succession were remeasured every 1 to 2 years; those in older stages every 3 to 5 years. Some information on biomass in these stages is available. Although most sites were established in 1988 some sites have vegetation plots that have been sampled periodically since 1965. 2009 was the last year of sampling using visual estimates of percent cover. In 2007 a new point framing system was developed and is now used for collecting vegetation data from these sites.
Toklat River Fire in Denali National Park and Preserve: Site level environmental, soil, tree, vegetation, and fire characteristics measured in 2016
This dataset contains site-level average estimated of environmental, soil, tree, vegetation, and fire characteristics measured in 2016, three years after the Toklat River Fire in Denali National Park and Preserve. Measured parameters include latitude, longitude, slope, aspect, elevation, moisture classification, bulk density of the surface soil, residual organic soil depth, thaw depth, burn depth, density and basal area of all tree species pre-fire, the density of all tree species post-fire, estimates of above- and below-ground carbon combustion, and understory vegetation turnover from pre-fire to post-fire. There is also data on seed trap collection and experimental regeneration of seedlings collected in 2017 and 2018 at a subset of sites.
Sediment elevation measurements for 10 GCE-LTER sampling sites from December 2001 to December 2020
Soil surface elevation was measured in tidal marshes at 10 GCE-LTER sampling sites from December 2001 to December 2020 using a sediment elevation table method. The sites represent three estuaries of the Georgia coast (USA) that vary in delivery of freshwater and sediment. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of freshwater input on marsh accretion and subsidence. In 2013, rod SETs were added at site 11 and installed to replace broken SETs at sites 7 and 9 (which broke in 2012).
Continuous groundwater well temperature, salinity and water level measurements at the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) site from May 2014 to February 2018
The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) is a large-scale field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. In order to characterize groundwater salinity, temperature, and plot flooding following experimental manipulation, unvented water pressure, temperature and conductivity were continuously measured in a PVC groundwater well installed at the SALTEx site. Measurements were made at the bottom of the well using a submerged Schlumberger CTD-Diver logger every 15 minutes from 30-May-2014 to 14-Feb-2018. In February 2016 a second CTD-Diver was deployed near the top of the well. Data were downloaded from the loggers using Diver Office communication software, then imported into MATLAB for post-processing, quality control and documentation. Raw, unvented pressure readings were corrected for atmospheric pressure and sensor height from the bottom of the well to generate corrected pressure readings, then water level, salinity and density were calculated from the measured variables using UNESCO algorithms. These data were collected as part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER SALTEx project (http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/send_project_eml.asp?id=73), and will be updated annually.
Porewater measurements of dissolved nutrients (ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, phosphate) from core monitoring sites in the GCE-LTER domain following hurricane Irma from October 2017 to October 2018.
To access the effect of hurricane Irma on the GCE domain, porewater samples were collected to evaluate porewater nutrient concentrations at four core GCE monitoring sites (7, 8, 9 and 11). A limited number of samples were collected in October 2017 (a month after the storm surge from hurricane Irma hit the east coast of the United States) and then all sites were sampled in Nov 2017 and in Jan, Feb, Apr and Oct 2018. Porewater samples were obtained from approximately 10 cm depth using Rhizon samplers and then analyzed for ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, and phosphate concentrations.
Soil water content measurements in plots with experimentally altered precipitation variability at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2011-ongoing
This dataset contains soil moisture data from a study at the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) in southern New Mexico. The study was designed to assess the effect of interannual variability in precipitation on average aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. The study began in 2009 and has five precipitation treatments (see Methods). While the study began in 2009, contains 50 plots (10 per treatment) and is ongoing, these data have only been collected since July 2011 in a subset of 20 plots (4 per treatment). This dataset is intended to provide information about the amount of water in surface and deep soil layers, as well as verify that experimental precipitation manipulations are effective. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated yearly.
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