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344 results for “Site selection”
Carbon Isotope and Ring Width Measurements from Tree Rings of Selected Canopy Species at Six Sites in the Eastern United States
Forest Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is defined as the ratio of carbon uptake per unit water vapor loss via transpiration. Micrometeorological measurements suggest that forest WUE has dramatically increased over the last two decades, in excess of what would be expected from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Coinciding with observed trends in forest WUE have been marked decreases in acid deposition throughout much of North America and Europe. There is evidence that acid deposition may impact forest WUE, either by altering the availability of nutrients in forest soils or by directly affecting foliar physiology. Changes in WUE could also lead to changes in stream discharge from forested catchments. The hypothesized response of forests to changing levels of acid deposition is not currently considered in the land surface components of global climate models (GCMs). Since carbon dioxide and water vapor are the two most important greenhouse gases, it is vital to accurately model their land-atmosphere exchange. This research uses a catchment-based approach to investigate the effects of changing acid deposition on forest WUE. Tree ring carbon isotopes reconstruct historical WUE time series within six catchments that have been differentially impacted by acid deposition due to distinctions between their underlying bedrock mineralogy and geological histories. The research also capitalizes on experimental treatments that have altered soil biogeochemistry in paired catchment designs (Bear Brook, ME; Hubbard Brook, NH; and Fernow Experimental Forest, WV). Additional watersheds that vary in underlying bedrock chemistry are also used in this research to examine tree-ring WUE time series as natural experiments along a base-cation gradient. These watersheds include Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Cone Pond Watershed, NH; and Shenandoah National Park, VA.
A map selection of wigeon stopover sites (core areas) based on wetland expert knowledge
<p>Stopover areas (core areas only) along the migration route of wigeons tracked with GPS transmitters were selected when they exhibited forests on more than 50% of their total surface or had less than 50% cover by water and/or wetland on the ESA’s global land cover map. We created a sample of 5,630 regions of interest (3,403 for training and 2,227 for validation), delineated with polygons assigned to land classes listed in the Table 1. We used archives of Google Earth, ESRI, and BING satellites for the photointerpretation of the land classes as described in Table 1. The classification was performed with a Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument, Level-2A image collection in Google Earth Engine (GEE) through the R-package Rgee to create a batch process applying the GEE Random forest classifier to each selected core home range. The cloudless (maximum 3%) images were selected within the period from 01/06/2021 to 30/09/2021. The optimal number of trees was estimated at 100 for an out of bag error of 14%. The overall accuracy on the validation sample was 82 %. </p>
Data: Weak Cation Selectivity in HCN Channels Results from K+-mediated release of Na+ from selectivity filter binding sites
<p>Complementary data for the paper: Weak Cation Selectivity in HCN Channels Results from K+-mediated release of Na+ from selectivity filter binding sites.</p>
Data from: Nest orientation and proximity to snow patches are important for nest site selection of a cavity breeder at high elevation
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Reproductive timing and location are central to breeding success across taxa. Many species have evolved specific strategies to cope with environmental variability including shifts in timing of reproduction tracking resource availability or selecting favourable nest location. In mountain ecosystems, complex topography and pronounced seasonality result in particularly high spatiotemporal variability of environmental conditions, and the risk of climate-induced resource mismatches is particularly acute given that temperature is increasing more rapidly than in the lowlands.<br>We investigated how a high-elevation passerine, the white-winged snowfinch <em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>, selects its nest site in relation to nest cavity characteristics, habitat composition and snow condition. We used a combination of field habitat mapping and satellite remote sensing to compare occupied nest sites with randomly selected pseudo-absence sites. In the first half of the breeding season, snowfinches preferred nest cavities oriented towards the morning sun while they used cavities proportional to their availability later on. This preference might relate to the nest microclimate offering eco-physiological advantages, namely thermoregulatory benefits for incubating adult and nestlings under the harsh conditions typically encountered in the alpine environment. Nest sites were consistently located in areas with greater-than-average snow cover at hatching date, likely mirroring the foraging preferences for tipulid larvae developing in meltwater along snowfields. Due to the particularly rapid climate shifts typical of mountain ecosystems, spatiotemporal mismatches between foraging grounds and nest sites are expected in the future, which may negatively influence demographic trajectories of the species concerned. The installation of well-designed nest boxes in optimal habitat configurations could to some extent help mitigate this risk.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary material for "Playback experiments highlight the importance of nearest-neighbor distance and social information for nest site selection in the House Martin (Delichon urbicum)"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Understanding nest site selection is crucial for species conservation. Bird conservation often involves installing nesting aids to increase nest site availability and induce colonization of unoccupied sites. However, prospecting individuals must find nesting aids, which may be facilitated by social information. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of artificial nests and playback in the declining, migratory House Martin <em>Delichon urbicum</em>. We selected unoccupied sites with artificial nests along a distance gradient to occupied sites and broadcasted conspecific vocalizations during prospection times of House Martins in both the post- and the following pre-breeding periods. Visitation and colonization rates increased considerably in proximity to occupied sites. Playback during the post-breeding and pre-breeding periods enhanced visitation rates, while pre-breeding-only and post-breeding-only playback had smaller positive effects. Colonization rate increased exclusively with pre-breeding-only playback. Colonized playback and non-playback sites had similar breeding success, indicating that playback did not create ecological traps by attracting House Martins to suboptimal sites. Hence, broadcasting conspecific vocalizations informs prospecting birds of nest site availability, thereby increasing visitation, and to some degree, colonization of unoccupied House Martin sites. To boost colonization, we recommend installing artificial House Martin nests within approximately 500 meters of occupied sites and using playback of conspecific vocalizations.</p>
Fig. 1 in Eurasian badger Meles meles habitat and sett site selection in the northern Apennines
Fig. 1 - Geographic position of the study area, with Sett Points, Random Points and water (rivers and streams) layer.
Photoplethysmography in dogs and cats: selection of measurement sites for pet monitor
<p>The PPG measurements of the study Cugmas et al, 2018.</p> <p>Notes.txt include all information about the dataset.</p>
Figure 2 in Site selection of European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in Eastern Romania and how they are influenced by climate, relief, and vegetation
Figure 2. The European ground squirrel density (individuals/ha) variation against vegetation height measured in 872 surveyed squares (250 × 250 m grids) conducted during the 2013 season in Eastern Romania.
Figure 1 in Site selection of European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in Eastern Romania and how they are influenced by climate, relief, and vegetation
Figure 1. The study area location (in the small map marked with black) and the distribution of the surveyed squares (250 × 250 m grids) conducted during the 2013 season in Eastern Romania.
Fig. 5 in Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season
Fig. 5. Selection of microhabitat demonstrated by the dispersion diagram of the Procrustes analysis (ss, sum of squares; t0, Correlation of Procrustes. For each capture event: circles represents the matrix with environmental variables from the occupied quadrants; arrows represents the matrix of available quadrants with the same variables; line between both represents the size of congruence between matrices).
Fig. 4 in Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season
Fig. 4. Perch characteristics of Phyllomedusa distincta (B. Lutz, 1950) and Boana leptolineata (P. Braun & C. Braun, 1977) in RPPN PrÓ-Mata, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil. (points: average; bars: standard error).
Fig. 3 in Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season
Fig. 3. Microhabitat strata heterogeneity of Phyllomedusa distincta (B. Lutz, 1950) and Boana leptolineata (P. Braun & C. Braun, 1977) in RPPN PróMata, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil (Cv: stratum height coefficient of variation; points: average; bars: standard error).
Fig. 2 in Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season
Fig. 2. Characteristics of the microhabitat of Phyllomedusa distincta (B. Lutz, 1950) and Boana leptolineata (P. Braun & C. Braun, 1977) in RPPN PrÓ-Mata, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil. Occupied (O) and available (A) coverage microhabitat (Herb: herbaceous stratum; points: average; bars: standard error).
Fig. 1 in Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season
Fig. 1. Characterization of the study area. Location map of the area, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil (left box). Landscape of the study site dominated by herbaceous vegetation (upper right boX. in upper right corner: headQuarters of the RPPN PrÓ-Mata; in lower right corner: forest patch). And view from the wetland's east bank showing the heterogeneity of herbaceous and tree vegetation (bottom right box).
Fig. 6 in Selection and use of calling site by Boana leptolineata and Phyllomedusa distincta during the reproductive season
Fig. 6. Occurrence probability (y-axis) of Phyllomedusa distincta (B. Lutz, 1950) and Boana leptolineata (P. Braun & C. Braun, 1977) individuals in the Quadrants based on the microhabitat environmental variables (X-aXis) used in the Multinomial Logistic Regression model. Notes: white indicates the condition of individuals occurrence, while the shades of gray indicate the other four available conditions (quadrants) of individuals non-occurrence. A detailed table containing the outcomes is provided in Appendix 1.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Plant species occurrences recorded from selected sites in the lower Tana River Basin, Kenya.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Plant species occurrences recorded from selected sites in the lower Tana River Basin, Kenya". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/cbc3c3cb-4351-42cd-8209-70c3f12f4dad">https://bionomia.net/dataset/cbc3c3cb-4351-42cd-8209-70c3f12f4dad</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/cbc3c3cb-4351-42cd-8209-70c3f12f4dad">https://gbif.org/dataset/cbc3c3cb-4351-42cd-8209-70c3f12f4dad</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Plant species occurrences recorded from selected sites in the mid Tana River Basin, Kenya.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Plant species occurrences recorded from selected sites in the mid Tana River Basin, Kenya". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/88e15b3d-e8fa-4527-b164-83078901de99">https://bionomia.net/dataset/88e15b3d-e8fa-4527-b164-83078901de99</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/88e15b3d-e8fa-4527-b164-83078901de99">https://gbif.org/dataset/88e15b3d-e8fa-4527-b164-83078901de99</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 2 in Home range, habitat use and roost-site selection by lowland female Siamese fireback Lophura diardi in northeastern Thailand
Fig. 2. The variation in home ranges and core areas of the eight female Siamese fireback in 2011 during different reproductive periods, estimated using 95% MCP and CHP Hot Spot methods. Locations shown were the food supplement sites (1 and 2) and nesting sites during the breeding season.
Fig. 3 in Home range, habitat use and roost-site selection by lowland female Siamese fireback Lophura diardi in northeastern Thailand
Fig. 3. The occurrence probability of Siamese fireback in relation to habitat variables. Shown are predicted values and 95% confidence limits for breeding (black solid lines) and non-breeding (gray dashed lines) periods.
Fig. 1 in Home range, habitat use and roost-site selection by lowland female Siamese fireback Lophura diardi in northeastern Thailand
Fig. 1. Location of Sakaerat Environmental Research Station (SERS), northeastern Thailand, including the locations of 60 available sites, two food supplementary sites, 14 nesting sites, and 52 roosting sites. Polygons shown are the home range boundaries of the eight radiotagged Siamese firebacks (group A–H).
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