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Fig. 5 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 5. Boxplots showing the ranges of different body measurements of Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., S. dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and S. flaveolatus (Zelinka, 1928). A. Total trunk length. B. Standard sternal width. C. Lateral terminal spines' length.

Fig. 4 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing general overview and details of the cuticular trunk morphology of a non-type specimen of Setaphyes elenae sp. nov. A. Dorsal overview. B. Middorsal elevation of segment 4. C. Cuticular ornamentation of anterior margin of segment 1. D. Detail of primary and secondary pectinate fringes of segment 5. E. Middorsal to paradorsal view of segment 2. F. Laterodorsal seta of segment 5. G. Middorsal process of segment 1. H. Ventral view of segments 4–5. I. Dorsal view of segment 10. J. Subdorsal sensory spots of segment 8. Abbreviations: mde = middorsal elevation; mdp = middorsal process; pdse = paradorsal seta; ppf = primary pectinate fringe; s = segment; vmse = ventromedial seta. Numbers after abbreviations indicate corresponding segment; sensory spots are marked as dashed circles. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B, D, F–G, J = 1 µm; C, E, H–I = 10 µm.

Fig. 3 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 3 (opposite page). Light micrographs showing trunk overviews and details of cuticular trunk characters of ♀, holotype (NHMD 655358) (A–L, N) and ♂, paratype (NHMD 655361) (M) of Setaphyes elenae sp. nov. A. Dorsal overview. B. Dorsal view on right half of segment 1. C. Ventral view on left half of segment 1. D. Dorsal view on right half of segment 2. E. Ventral view on left half of segment 2. F. Dorsal view on right half of segment 3. G. Ventral view on left half of segment 3. H. Ventral overview. I. Dorsal view on right half of segment 4. J. Ventral view on left half of segment 4. K. Dorsal view on right half of segment 8. L. Ventral view on left half of segment 8. M. Dorsal view on right half of segment 9. N. Ventral view on left half of segment 9. Abbreviations: ldse = laterodorsal seta; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvse = lateroventral seta; mde = middorsal elevation; mdp = middorsal process; pdse = paradorsal seta; vlse = ventrolateral seta; vmse = ventromedial seta. Numbers after abreviations indicate correspong segment; sensory spots are marked as dashed circles, and glandular cell outlets as continuous circles. Scale bars: A, H = 100 µm; B–G, I–N = 20 µm.

Fig. 2 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 2 (opposite page). Line art illustrations of adult Setaphyes elenae sp. nov. A. ♀, ventral overview. B. ♀, dorsal overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11, ventral view. D. ♂, segments 1–2, ventral view. Abbreviations: bsj = ball-and-socket joint; dpl = dorsal placid; gcoI = type I glandular cell outlet; ldcr = laterodorsal cuticular ridge; ldse = laterodorsal seta; ldss = laterodorsal sensory spot; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvse = lateroventral seta; mde = middorsal elevation; mdp = middorsal process; ms = muscular scar; pdse = paradorsal seta; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; ppf = primary pectinate fringe; ps = penil spine; pvap = paraventral apodeme; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; spf = secondary pectinate fringe; vlcr = ventrolateral cuticular ridge; vlse = ventrolateral seta; vlss = ventrolateral sensory spot; vmse = ventromedial seta; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot; vmt = ventromedial tube; vpl = ventral placid. Scale bar = 100 µm

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in Modiolus cimbricus sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) endemic in the Kattegat-Skagerrak

Fig. 3. Map of the sea around NE Europe. Compiled on the basis of Ekman (1953), Dietrich (1963), Wikander (1981), Hylleberg & Riis-Verstergaard (1984), Petersen (1991, 2004) and Lund-Hansen et al. (1994). Red dots indicate finds of Modiolus cimbricus sp. nov., and red squares indicate empty shells or subfossils only. Black dots indicate Modiolus adriaticus (Lamarck, 1819) in our material. The lines A and B indicate approximately the northern limits of the fauna influenced by Lusitanian (Mediterranean) species (blue colour). See the section Distribution for further information.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Fig. 1 in Modiolus cimbricus sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) endemic in the Kattegat-Skagerrak

Fig. 1. Modiolus cimbricus sp. nov., holotype (shell length 13.3 mm). The upper part of the figure shows the external shell side and the lower part shows the inner side of the valves. Scale bars = 5 mm.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/daf51a6a-153a-4906-a478-da4df86eee11">https://bionomia.net/dataset/daf51a6a-153a-4906-a478-da4df86eee11</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/daf51a6a-153a-4906-a478-da4df86eee11">https://gbif.org/dataset/daf51a6a-153a-4906-a478-da4df86eee11</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

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More but smaller: Marine heatwaves exacerbate size truncation in overfished fish communities in the Skagerrak

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publicDec 2025View details →

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Data from: Population structure in Atlantic cod in the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat: early life stage dispersal and adult migration

Background: In marine fish species, where pelagic egg and larvae drift with ocean currents, population structure has been suggested to be maintained by larval retention due to hydrographic structuring and by homing of adult fish to natal areas. Whilst natal homing of adults has been demonstrated for anadromous and coral reef fishes, there are few documented examples of philopatric migration in temperate marine fish species. Results: Here, we demonstrate temporally stable genetic differentiation among spawning populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), and present genetic and behavioural evidence for larval drift and philopatric migration in the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat area. We show that juvenile cod collected in the eastern Skagerrak and central Kattegat are genetically similar to cod from offshore spawning areas in the eastern North Sea. Genetic assignment of individual 2–5 year old fish indicates that cod residing at, or migrating towards, spawning areas in Kattegat and the North Sea display philopatric behaviours. Conclusions: Together these findings suggest a loop between spawning, larval drift and adult return-migrations to spawning areas and underlines that both oceanographic processes and migratory behaviour in the adult phase may be important for stock separation and integrity in marine temperate fishes such as Atlantic cod.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Data from: Seascape genetics and biophysical connectivity modelling support conservation of the seagrass Zostera marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the eastern North Sea

Maintaining and enabling evolutionary processes within meta-populations is critical to resistance, resilience and adaptive potential. Knowledge about which populations act as sources or sinks, and the direction of gene flow, can help to focus conservation efforts more effectively and forecast how populations might respond to future anthropogenic and environmental pressures. As a foundation species and habitat provider, Zostera marina (eelgrass) is of critical importance to ecosystem functions including fisheries. Here we estimate connectivity of Z. marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the North Sea based on genetic and biophysical modelling. Genetic diversity, population structure and migration were analysed at 23 locations using 20 microsatellite loci and a suite of analytical approaches. Oceanographic connectivity was analysed using Lagrangian dispersal simulations based on contemporary and historical distribution data dating back to the late 19th century. Population clusters, barriers and networks of connectivity were found to be very similar based on either genetic or oceanographic analyses. A single-generation model of dispersal was not realistic, whereas multi-generation models that integrate stepping-stone dispersal and extant and historic distribution data were able to capture and model genetic connectivity patterns well. Passive rafting of flowering shoots along oceanographic currents is the main driver of gene flow at this spatial-temporal scale and extant genetic connectivity strongly reflects the "ghost of dispersal past" sensu Benzie 1999. The identification of distinct clusters, connectivity hotspots and areas where connectivity has become limited over the last century is critical information for spatial management, conservation and restoration of eelgrass.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 6. Prognathorhynchus dubius A in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 6. Prognathorhynchus dubius A, general organisation (from a live individual). B, proboscis hook (from live individual; freehand drawing). Proxenetes segmentatus. C, bursal appendage (from a whole-mount). D, stylet (from a whole-mount). Utelga heinckei E–F, stylet hooks of two different individuals (from whole mounts).

FIGURE 8. Acrumena spec. A in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 8. Acrumena spec. A, General organisation (from a live individual). Ceratopera spec. B, general organisation (from a live individual). C, stylet (from a whole-mount).

FIGURE 7. Acrumena spec. A in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 7. Acrumena spec. A, Habitus of a live individual. B, copulatory organ (form a live indiviudal). C, proboscis (from a live individual)

FIGURE 2 in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 2. Lenopharynx bathos nov. sp. A, stylet (from a live individual; freehand drawing). B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side (from the holotype; radial muscles in proximal part not shown for reasons of clarity). C, general organisation (from a live individual). D, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side (from the holotype).

FIGURE 3 in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 3. Proceropharynx profundum nov. sp. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side (from the holotype; radial muscles and gland necks in proximal part not shown for reasons of clarity). B, copulatory organ (from a live individual). C, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side (from the holotype). D, reconstruction of the male genital system (from the holotype).

FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 5. Espegrendia norvegica Westblad, 1954. A, reconstruction of the pharynx from the right side. B, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the right side. (A–B, from a Skagerrak-specimen).

FIGURE 1 in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 1. Austrorhynchus artoisi nov. sp. A, general organisation (from a live individual). B, prostate stylet type II (from the holotype). C, prostate stylet type III (from the holotype).

FIGURE 4 in First report on Rhabdocoela (Rhabditophora) from deep parts of Skagerrak, with the description of four new species

FIGURE 4. Uncinorhynchus vorago nov. sp. A, proboscis hooks (from a whole-mount). B, stylet (from a whole-mount). C, copulatory organ (from a live individual). Uncinorhynchus flavidus D, stylet (from South Georgia; SMNH no. 53053). E, stylet (from Finland; after Karling, 1947).