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88 results for “Social context”
Data on a citation context analysis focusing on natural sciences and social sciences and humanities
<p>This dataset contains data on citation context analysis between natural sciences (NS) and social sciences and humanities (SSH). In particular, the data were created through manual coding of each citation between papers related to SDG7 (renewable energy) and SDG13 (climate change) and papers cited by them. This dataset consists of 9 files, associated with the article: Nishikawa, K. How and why are citations between disciplines made? A citation context analysis focusing on natural sciences and social sciences and humanities. Scientometrics (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04664-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04664-y</a></p> <p> </p> <p>The files are numbered as follows:</p> <ul> <li>00 – README</li> <li>01 – Data by citation pair for SDG7 (original)</li> <li>02 – Data by citation pair for SDG13 (original)</li> <li>03 – Data by mention location for SDG7 (original)</li> <li>04 – Data by mention location for SDG13 (original)</li> <li>05 – Data by citation pair for SDG7 (additional)</li> <li>06 – Data by citation pair for SDG13 (additional)</li> <li>07 – Data by mention location for SDG7 (additional)</li> <li>08 – Data by mention location for SDG13 (additional)</li> </ul> <p>See README for more information.</p>
Social Context Affects Camouflage in a Cryptic Fish Species
<p>Crypsis, or the ability to avoid detection and/or recognition, is an important and widespread anti-predator strategy across the animal kingdom. Many animals are able to camouflage themselves by adapting their body colour to the local environment. In particular, rapid changes in body colour are often critical to the survival of cryptic prey which rely on evading detection by predators. This is especially pertinent for animals subject to spatiotemporal variability in their environment, as they must adapt to acute changes in their visual surroundings. However, which features of the local environment are most relevant is not well understood. In particular, little is known about how social context interacts with other environmental stimuli to influence crypsis. Here we use a common cryptic prey animal, the goby (Pseudogobius species 2) to examine how the presence and body colour of conspecifics influences the rate and extent to which gobies change colour. We find that solitary gobies change colour to match their background faster and to a greater extent than gobies in pairs. Further, we find that this relationship holds irrespective of the colour of nearby conspecifics. This study demonstrates the importance of social context in mediating colour change in cryptic animals.</p>
People in Social Context (PISC) Dataset
<p>The People in Social Context (PISC) dataset is a new dataset that focuses on social relationships. It consists of 22,670 images of 9 types of social relationships. We provide annotation of the bounding boxes of all people, as well as the social relationship between all pairs of people in the images. In addition, we provide occupation annotation. For more details on the collection process and statistics of the dataset, please see our paper.</p> <ul> <li><strong>annotation_image_info.json</strong> contains bounding box annotation and information about image source, image size, image id.</li> <li><strong>domain.json</strong> contains annotation of the 3 types of coarse relationships: {intimate, not intimate, no relation}.</li> <li><strong>relationship.json</strong> contains annotation of the 6 types of fine relationships: {friends, family, couple, professional, commercial, no relation}.</li> <li><strong>occupation.json</strong> contains annotation of the occupation.</li> <li><strong>domain_split</strong> and <strong>relation_split</strong> contain train/val/test split.</li> <li>after downloading all image parts (images-*), extract using: cat images-* | tar zx</li> </ul> <p>The dataset can be applied, but not limited to the following research areas:</p> <ul> <li>social relationship study</li> <li>people detection</li> <li>occupation recognition</li> </ul> <p>Please cite the following paper if you use the PISC dataset in your work (papers, articles, reports, books, software, etc):</p> <ul> <li>J. Li, Y. Wong, Q.Zhao, M. Kankanhalli<br> <strong>Dual-Glance Model for Deciphering Social Relationships</strong><br> <em>ICCV</em>, 2017.<br> http://doi.org/</li> </ul>
Dataset - University Social Responsibility in the context of Social Appropriation of Knowledge: A Systematic Literature Mapping Approach (2015-2020)
<p>From abstract:</p> <p>University Social Responsibility (USR) should be seen beyond a yearly report and be understood as a process of Social Appropriation of Knowledge (SAK) though different stakeholders around higher education. The object of this literature mapping is to analyze the recent developments regarding USR regarding SAK in a higher education context where different stakeholders are involved. Following a PRISMA flow mapping process, six general-designed questions of 286 articles are revised for this paper as to discover how SAK happens within universities. All articles were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The findings include a USR field divided between models´ approach and experience such as service-learning. Furthermore, sustainability and the environment take a special role within USR in the context of SAK that must be analyzed by itself as there is a wide interest in the topic. </p>
Effect of social context on behaviour in anemonefish hierarchies
<p>Animal social groups can be organized in hierarchies where individual status determines privileges within the group, and stability is maintained through conflict (aggression-submission) and cooperation. Aggression, submission, and cooperation are not homogeneous among group members and are influenced by social context and associated trade-offs. However, studies of rank-specific behaviours are rare which limits our understanding of these patterns. Here, we performed rank ascension experiments using 15 groups of <em>Amphiprion clarkii</em>, a relatively mobile anemonefish, to assess rank-specific behaviour related to social context. We showed that: promoted ranks increased cooperation rates compared to non-promoted ranks to fulfil the tasks associated with their new status within the group; group size had no effect on group cooperation rates and subordinates did not increase cooperation after group size reduction; and frequency of one-on-one agonistic encounters within the group was asymmetric and higher for lower ranks. Thus, subordinates modulate rates of cooperative behaviour according to their status, irrespective of their body size or group size, and experience more conflict than dominants as they attempt to maintain their position in the hierarchy and avoid eviction. We provide evidence that social context in the form of rank has an important effect on individual behaviour and appears to be the key driver of cooperation and within-group conflict.</p>
Social Context Affects Camouflage in a Cryptic Fish Species
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Data from: Hidden space use behaviors of a nonbreeding migratory bird: The role of environment and social context
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Data from: Social context and noise affect within and between-male song adjustments in a common passerine
Across populations, animals that inhabit areas with high anthropogenic noise produce vocalizations that differ from those inhabiting less noisy environments. Such patterns may be due to individuals rapidly adjusting their songs in response to changing noise, but individual variation is seldom explored. We tested the hypothesis that male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) immediately adjust their songs according to changing noise, and that social context further modifies responses. We recorded songs, quantified noise, and defined social context within pairs as female fertile status and between males as number of conspecific neighbors. We used a reaction norm approach to compare song trait intercepts (between-male effects) and slopes (within-male effects) as a function of noise. Individuals immediately adjusted song duration in response to changing noise. How they achieved adjustments varied: some sang shorter and others longer songs with greater noise, and individuals varied in the extent to which they adjusted song duration. Variation in song duration could be affected by competition, as between-male noise levels interacted with number of neighbors to affect syllable duration. Neither within- nor between-male noise effects were detected for frequency traits. Rather males with fertile mates sang lower frequency songs and increased peak frequency with more neighbors. Among males, social context but not noise affected song frequency, whereas temporal structure varied between and within individuals depending on noise and social factors. Not all males adjusted signals the same way in response to noise and selection could favor different levels of variation according to noise.
No, you go first: phenotype and social context affect house sparrow neophobia
<p>Novel object trials are commonly used to assess aversion to novelty (neophobia), and previous work has shown neophobia can be influenced by the social environment, but whether the altered behaviour persists afterwards (social learning) is largely unknown in wild animals. We assessed house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) novel object responses before, during, and after being paired with a conspecific of either similar or different behavioral phenotype. During paired trials, animals housed with a similar or more neophobic partner demonstrated an increased aversion to novel objects. This change did not persist a week after unpairing, but neophobia decreased after unpairing in birds previously housed with a less neophobic partner. We also compared novel object responses to non-object control trials to validate our experimental procedure. Our results provide evidence of social learning in a highly successful invasive species, and an interesting asymmetry in the effects of social environment on neophobia behavior depending on the animal's initial behavioral phenotype.</p>
Data from: Singing behaviour of Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in relation to time-of-day, time-of-year, and social context
Observational field studies provide insight on the multifunctional nature of birdsong. For example, if song production were limited to pre-fertilization, then that would suggest a mate attraction function. If it were used throughout the breeding season and in response to intruding males, then that would suggest a territorial defence function. In the present study, we determined the daily and seasonal singing patterns of male Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in Labrador, Canada, using microphone arrays in two breeding seasons. Using a playback experiment, we simulated a territorial intrusion to compare the structure of songs produced while defending a territory to the structure of songs produced during solo and contest singing. Singing peaked in the early part of the breeding season and then declined continuously for the remainder of the season, which suggests that the songs function in mate attraction. Singing peaked 2-3 h after dawn, and then declined steadily until it stopped at 2200 h. Some nocturnal singing was observed, but no dawn singing was observed. A high probability of signal overlap by heterospecific songs at dawn would hinder signal recognition and explain the observed delay in peak singing activity. Vocal responses to playback suggested a function in territory defence. However, there were no significant differences in the duty cycle, frequency modulation, and bandwidth of songs in relation to the context of song production, though songs were shorter in the intrusion context than during solo singing. Overall, the study provides the first quantitative description of the effects of time of day, time of year, and social context on singing behaviour in this understudied species.
Data from: Correlational selection on personality and social plasticity: morphology and social context determine behavioural effects on mating success
Despite a central line of research aimed at quantifying relationships between mating success and sexually dimorphic traits (e.g., ornaments), individual variation in sexually selected traits often explains only a modest portion of the variation in mating success. Another line of research suggests that a significant portion of the variation in mating success observed in animal populations could be explained by correlational selection, where the fitness advantage of a given trait depends on other components of an individual's phenotype and/or its environment. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between multiple traits within an individual (phenotype dependence) or between an individual's phenotype and its social environment (context dependence) can select for individual differences in behaviour (i.e., personality) and social plasticity. To quantify the importance of phenotype- and context-dependent selection on mating success, we repeatedly measured the behaviour, social environment and mating success of about 300 male stream water striders, Aquarius remigis. Rather than explaining individual differences in long-term mating success, we instead quantified how the combination of a male's phenotype interacted with the immediate social context to explain variation in hour-by-hour mating decisions. We suggest that this analysis captures more of the mechanisms leading to differences in mating success. Males differed consistently in activity, aggressiveness and social plasticity. The mating advantage of these behavioural traits depended on male morphology and varied with the number of rival males in the pool, suggesting mechanisms selecting for consistent differences in behaviour and social plasticity. Accounting for phenotype and context dependence improved the amount of variation in male mating success we explained statistically by 30–274%. Our analysis of the determinants of male mating success provides important insights into the evolutionary forces that shape phenotypic variation. In particular, our results suggest that sexual selection is likely to favour individual differences in behaviour, social plasticity (i.e., individuals adjusting their behaviour), niche preference (i.e., individuals dispersing to particular social conditions) or social niche construction (i.e., individuals modifying the social environment). The true effect of sexual traits can only be understood in interaction with the individual's phenotype and environment.
Beyond sex and aggression: Testosterone rapidly matches behavioral responses to social context and tries to predict the future
<p>Although androgens are widely studied in the context of aggression, androgenic influences on prosocial behaviors have been less explored. We examined testosterone's (T) influence on prosocial and aggressive responses in a positively-valenced social context (interacting with a pairbond partner) and a negatively-valenced context (interacting with an intruder) in socially monogamous Mongolian gerbils. T increased and decreased prosocial responses in the same individuals towards a pairbond partner and an intruder, respectively, both within 30 minutes, but did not affect aggression. T also had persistent effects on prosocial behavior; males in which T initially increased prosocial responses towards a partner continued to exhibit elevated prosocial responses towards an intruder male days later until a second T injection rapidly eliminated those responses. Thus, T surges can rapidly match behavior to current social context, as well as prime animals for positive social interactions in the future. Neuroanatomically, T rapidly increased hypothalamic oxytocin, but not vasopressin, cellular responses during interactions with a partner. Together, our results indicate that T can facilitate and inhibit prosocial behaviors depending on social context, that it can influence prosocial responses across rapid and prolonged time scales, and that it affects oxytocin signaling mechanisms that could mediate its context-dependent behavioral influences.</p>
Data from: The roles of non-production vegetation in agroecosystems: a research framework for filling process knowledge gaps in a social-ecological context
<p>1. An ever-expanding human population, climatic changes, and the spread of intensive farming practices is putting increasing pressure on agroecosystems and their inherent biodiversity. Non-production vegetation elements, such as woody patches, riparian margins, and restoration plantings, are vital for conserving agroecosystem biodiversity. Further, such elements are key building blocks that are manipulated via land management, thereby influencing the biotic and abiotic processes that underpin functioning agroecosystems.</p> <p>2. Despite this critical role, there has been a lack of synthesis on which types of vegetation elements drive and/or support ecological processes, and the mechanisms by which this occurs. Using a systematic, quantitative literature review of 342 articles, we asked: what are the effects of non-production vegetation on agroecosystem processes and how are these processes measured within global agroecosystems?</p> <p>3. Woody patches, hedgerows and borders, riparian margins, and shelterbelts were the most studied types of non-production vegetation. The majority (61%) of studies showed positive effects of non-production vegetation on ecological processes, where the presence, level or rate of the studied process was increased or enhanced.</p> <p>4. However, four key research gaps were revealed: (1) most studies (83%) used proxies for, instead of direct measurements of, ecosystem processes related to non-production vegetation; (2) study designs used to investigate non-production vegetation effects on ecosystem processes directly were largely limited to observational comparisons of non-production vegetation types, farm-scale vegetation configurations, and different proximities to vegetation in terms of the effect on ecological processes; relatively few studies used manipulative experiments (3) the relatively few studies directly measuring ecosystem processes were dominated by four process categories: invertebrate biocontrol, predator and natural enemy spillover, animal movement, and ecosystem cycling, and (4) the methods used to directly measure non-production vegetation effects comprised a surprisingly limited set of approaches.</p> <p>5. To fill key research gaps that will inform the use of non-production vegetation to enhance agroecosystem processes, we present a framework for future research that emphasises the need to combine an understanding of human decision making with carefully-designed and targeted investigations into the roles of taxa, ecosystem processes, and landscape heterogeneity related to non-production vegetation, at multiple spatial scales within agroecosystems.</p>
Appendix II for: Social context modulates scale-free walks in a social insect
<p>Plots from the MLE (Maximum likelihood estimation) analysis for the step-lengths of the focal termite workers. Two competing models were tested: Truncated Pareto Lévy (TP - red line) vs exponential (EX - blue dashed line) for both (X and Y) axis. Data series are identified with "S" plus a number from 1 to 75). The Lévy exponent ($1 < \mu \leq 3.0$) and the Akaike weights (wAIC) for the competing models (1 for full support, 0 for not support) are shown in the plots. </p>
Barbier et al., 2021_Diagnosis of the structure of the social representations of organ donation (test of context independance)
<p>Abstract</p> <p><em>Introduction.</em> – On 1<sup>st</sup> January 2017, the updated presumed consent for organ donation was widely communicated in France. From a social psychological point of view, this may have changed the shared meanings people associate with organ donation.</p> <p><em>Objective</em>. –First, this study aimed to identify the content and structure of the social representation of organ donation. Second, it aimed to account for social anchoring and see how the processes of social anchoring participate in the arrangement of structured sets of the social representation of organ donation.</p> <p><em>Method. –</em> The study consisted of filling in a self-reported online survey disseminated through Facebook. In total, 778 French people participated (393 women, 381 men, <em>M</em>age = 37.02 yrs, <em>SD</em> = 12.60). A two-step methodology from exploratory to confirmatory analysis was applied.</p> <p><em>Results. –</em> In line with our assumptions, findings showed: changes in the content of representation that may have occurred in response to the legislative update, in particular; a dichotomy that structures the social representations of organ donation, intrinsically linked to the donor/non-donor variable; effects of gender and age on content of the social representations of organ donation. Contrary to our preliminary expectations, findings showed: no effects of gender and age on structure of the social representations of organ donation; no effect of religious affiliation on content nor on structure, suggesting that the role of religion is not orientating social thinking about organ donation, but rather, legitimising social practices related to organ donation.</p> <p><em>Conclusion. –</em> These results are discussed in relation to the identity issues facing organ donation, in the sense that the shared meaning associated with organ donation reveal ideological positions. We suggest avenues for future research likely to find interesting applications in the organ donation field.</p>
Understanding Alcohol Reward in Social Context
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03449095. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Data from: Social context and noise affect within and between-male song adjustments in a common passerine
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Data from: Evolution of personal and social immunity in the context of parental care
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Beyond sex and aggression: Testosterone rapidly matches behavioral responses to social context and tries to predict the future
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Data from: The roles of non-production vegetation in agroecosystems: a research framework for filling process knowledge gaps in a social-ecological context
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.