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20 results for “Social hierarchy”
Quantifying Hierarchy and Prestige in US Ballet Academies as Social Predictors of Career Success
<p>This data contains aggregated competition outcomes from 6,363 ballet students affiliated with 1,603 schools in the United States, who participated in the Youth America Grand Prix (YAGP) between 2000 and 2021.</p> <p>We adopt a network science and <em>science of science</em> approach that empowers logistic regression models and matching experiments to quantify social prestige and its influence on dancers' careers. The analysis of career success in the performing arts, like ballet, in the context of a competition setting offers a unique opportunity to investigate the social influences on success while controlling for competition performance.</p> <p>Our work reveals the importance of institutional prestige on career success in ballet and showcases the potential of network science approaches to provide quantitative viewpoints for the professional development of careers beyond science.</p>
Fig. 3 in New Insights into the Male Morphotypes of the Amphidromous Shrimp (Weigmann, 1836) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) and a Discussion on Social Dominance Hierarchies.
Fig. 3. Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836). Discrimination of juveniles and adult morphotypes (M1, M2, and M3) according to the most explanatory morphometric variables from the principal component analysis, propodus length (PrL), and major cheliped length (ChL).
Fig. 4 in New Insights into the Male Morphotypes of the Amphidromous Shrimp (Weigmann, 1836) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) and a Discussion on Social Dominance Hierarchies.
Fig. 4. Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836). (A) Regression of the morphometric relationship of the propodus length (PrL) Vs. carapace length (CL) demonstrates the separation between juvenile and adult males. (B) A logistic curve shows the size at which 50% of males reach sexual maturity (CL50).
Fig. 2 in New Insights into the Male Morphotypes of the Amphidromous Shrimp (Weigmann, 1836) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) and a Discussion on Social Dominance Hierarchies.
Fig. 2. Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of morphometric variables. Values indicate the projection of components 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2).
Fig. 1 in New Insights into the Male Morphotypes of the Amphidromous Shrimp (Weigmann, 1836) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) and a Discussion on Social Dominance Hierarchies.
Fig. 1. (A) Carapace of Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836). Dimension of carapace length (CL) measurements. (B) Major cheliped of Macrobrachium olfersii. Exemplification of the dimensions used to measure the length and height of the articles of the larger cheliped. The same measurements were used for the smaller cheliped. (C) Propodus of the larger cheliped of Macrobrachium olfersii in the standard position used in the geometric morphometric analyses. Red and blue circles are the landmarks and semilandmarks, respectively. CL = Carapace length; IL = Ischium length; ML = Merus length; CaL = Carpus length; PrL = Propodus length; DL = Dactylus length; PrH = Propodus height.
Fig. 5 in New Insights into the Male Morphotypes of the Amphidromous Shrimp (Weigmann, 1836) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) and a Discussion on Social Dominance Hierarchies.
Fig. 5. Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836). Specimens and chelipeds of the male morphotypes, (A and B) Juvenile, (C and D) Morphotype 1, (E and F) Morphotype 2, and (G and H) Morphotype 3. All scale bars correspond to 10 mm, except for the scale bar present in 6B, which corresponds to 5 mm.
Fig. 6 in New Insights into the Male Morphotypes of the Amphidromous Shrimp (Weigmann, 1836) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) and a Discussion on Social Dominance Hierarchies.
Fig. 6. Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836). (A) Scatter plot of canonical variation analysis (CVA) performed with the coordinates of variation in the propodus shape of the male morphotypes. (B) Variation in the propodus shape of each male morphotype. M3 presents evident differences in the shape of the palm region and also in the fixed finger in relation to the other morphotypes.
Effect of social context on behaviour in anemonefish hierarchies
<p>Animal social groups can be organized in hierarchies where individual status determines privileges within the group, and stability is maintained through conflict (aggression-submission) and cooperation. Aggression, submission, and cooperation are not homogeneous among group members and are influenced by social context and associated trade-offs. However, studies of rank-specific behaviours are rare which limits our understanding of these patterns. Here, we performed rank ascension experiments using 15 groups of <em>Amphiprion clarkii</em>, a relatively mobile anemonefish, to assess rank-specific behaviour related to social context. We showed that: promoted ranks increased cooperation rates compared to non-promoted ranks to fulfil the tasks associated with their new status within the group; group size had no effect on group cooperation rates and subordinates did not increase cooperation after group size reduction; and frequency of one-on-one agonistic encounters within the group was asymmetric and higher for lower ranks. Thus, subordinates modulate rates of cooperative behaviour according to their status, irrespective of their body size or group size, and experience more conflict than dominants as they attempt to maintain their position in the hierarchy and avoid eviction. We provide evidence that social context in the form of rank has an important effect on individual behaviour and appears to be the key driver of cooperation and within-group conflict.</p>
Data from: Luck, skill, and depth of competition in games and social hierarchies
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Social hierarchy reveals thermoregulatory trade-offs in response to repeated stressors
<p>Coping with stressors can require substantial energetic investment, and when resources are limited, such investment can preclude simultaneous expenditure on other biological processes. Among endotherms, energetic demands of thermoregulation can also be immense, yet our understanding of whether a stress response is sufficient to induce changes in thermoregulatory investment is limited. Using the black-capped chickadee as a model species, we tested a hypothesis that stress-induced changes in surface temperature (T<sub>s</sub>), a well-documented phenomenon across vertebrates, stem from trade-offs between thermoregulation and stress responsiveness. Because social subordination is known to constrain access to resources in this species, we predicted that Ts and dry heat loss of social subordinates, but not social dominants, would fall under stress exposure at low ambient temperatures (T<sub>a</sub>), and rise under stress exposure at high T<sub>a</sub>, thus permitting a reduction in total energetic expenditure toward thermoregulation. To test our predictions, we exposed four social groups of chickadees to repeated stressors and control conditions across a Ta gradient (n=30 days/treatment/group), whilst remotely monitoring social interactions and T<sub>s</sub>. Supporting our hypothesis, we show that: (1) social subordinates (n=12), who fed less than social dominants and alone experienced stress-induced mass-loss, displayed significantly larger changes in T<sub>s</sub> following stress exposure than social dominants (n=8), and (2) stress-induced changes in Ts significantly increased heat conservation at low T<sub>a</sub> and heat dissipation at high T<sub>a</sub> among social subordinates alone. These results suggest that chickadees adjust their thermoregulatory strategies during stress exposure when resources are limited by ecologically relevant processes.</p> <p> </p>
The glutamatergic projection from the substantia nigra pars reticulata to the dorsal raphe nucleus facilitates social hierarchy in mice
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Social hierarchy reveals thermoregulatory trade-offs in response to repeated stressors
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Radical change: Temporal patterns of oxidative stress during social ascent in a dominance hierarchy
<p>Dominant individuals have priority access to mates and resources. However, high rank can be costly too, especially when it is maintained by intense agonistic behavior. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential cost of social dominance. However, social dominance hierarchies can be dynamic, and few studies have examined the cost of social dominance when males are changing status. We studied temporal changes in markers of oxidative stress during social ascent in the East African cichlid fish <i>Astatotilapia burtoni</i>. After removing the dominant male, males ascended from subordinate to dominant status. On the first day of social ascent, immediately after the dominant male removal, the newly dominant male showed lower levels of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, we found that liver TAC and liver superoxide dismutase, an enzymatic antioxidant, were significantly upregulated on day 1 and 2 of social ascent, respectively. By day 14, all markers of oxidative stress were similar to those observed in stable dominant males, which has higher levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) compared to subordinate males. We conclude that markers of oxidative stress vary dramatically during social ascent in a time- and tissue-sensitive manner. Our study provides a more nuanced look at the oxidative cost of social dominance and highlights the importance of considering temporal changes in markers of oxidative stress during important life-history events.</p>
Data from: Major urinary protein levels are associated with social status and context in mouse social hierarchies
We have previously shown that male mice living in groups of 12 males establish and maintain stable linear social hierarchies with each individual having a defined social rank. However, it is not clear which social cues mice use to signal and recognize their relative social status within their hierarchy. In this study, we investigate how individual social status both in pairs and in groups affects the levels of major urinary proteins (MUPs) and specifically MUP20 in urine. We housed groups of adult outbred CD1 male mice in a complex social environment for three weeks and collected urine samples from all individuals repeatedly. We found that dominant males produce more MUPs than subordinates when housed in pairs and that the production of MUPs and MUP20 is significantly higher in alpha males compared with all other individuals in a social hierarchy. Furthermore, we found that hepatic mRNA expression of Mup3 and Mup20 is significantly higher in alpha males than in subordinate males. We also show that alpha males have lower urinary creatinine levels consistent with these males urinating more than others living in hierarchies. These differences emerged within one week of animals being housed together in social hierarchies. This study demonstrates that as males transition to become alpha males, they undergo physiological changes that contribute to communication of their social status that may have implications for the energetic demands of maintaining dominance.
Data from: Age-graded dominance hierarchies and social tolerance in packs of free-ranging dogs
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Data from: Major urinary protein levels are associated with social status and context in mouse social hierarchies
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Radical change: Temporal patterns of oxidative stress during social ascent in a dominance hierarchy
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Distinct prefrontal projections oppositely orchestrate social competition and hierarchy
GEO Series GSE222185. Mus musculus. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
N6-methyladenosine modification in chronic stress response due to social hierarchy positioning of mice
GEO Series GSE161198. Mus musculus. 22 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Molecular and neural control of social hierarchy by forebrain-thalamocortical circuit
GEO Series GSE300694. Mus musculus. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.