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76 results for “Social relationships”
Dataset: Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs
<p>Dataset used in the statistical analysis of the publication "Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs (<em>Microcebus murinus</em>)"</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Vocali<span>z</span>ations coordinate social interactions between conspecifics by conveying information concerning the individual or group identity of the sender. Social accommodation is a form of vocal learning where social affinity is signalled by converging or diverging vocali<span>z</span>ations to those of conspecifics. To investigate whether social accommodation is linked to the social lifestyle of the sender, we investigated sex-specific differences in social accommodation in a dispersed living primate, the grey mouse lemur, where females form stable sleeping groups whereas males live solitarily. We used 482 trill calls of 36 individuals from our captive breeding colony to compare acoustic dissimilarity between individuals with genetic relatedness, social contact time and body weight. Our results showed that female trills become more similar the more time females spen<span>d</span> with each other independent of genetic relationship, suggesting vocal convergence. In contrast, male trills were affected more by genetic than social factors. However, focus<span>s</span>ing only on sociali<span>z</span>ed males, male trills diverged from each other the more time males were cage partners. Thus, grey mouse lemurs show the capacity for social accommodation, with females converging their trills to signal social closeness to sleeping group partners, whereas males do not adapt or diverge their trills to signal individual distinctiveness. </p> <p> </p> <p>For details concerning the recording of the trills confer to the publication at doi: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0193</p>
Changes in the users of the social-ecological system around a reciprocal human-dolphin relationship
<p>This package contains the deidentified data and R code to replicate the quantitative analyses and figures of the scientific article accepted for publication at People & Nature:</p> <p><span>Cantor M</span><strong><span>,</span></strong><span> Santos-Silva B, Daura-Jorge FG, Machado AMS, Peterson D, da Rosa DX, Simões-Lopes PC, Valle-Pereira JVS, Zank S, Hanazaki N. Accepted. Changes in the users of the social-ecological system around a reciprocal human-dolphin relationship. People & Nature.</span> </p> <p> </p> <p><span>Abstract</span></p> <p>1. In contrast to many contemporary negative human-nature relationships, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities have stewarded nature through cultural practices that include reciprocal contributions for both humans and nature. A rare example is the century-old artisanal fishery in which net-casting fishers and wild dolphins benefit by working together, but little is known about the persistence of the social-ecological system formed around this cultural practice.</p> <p>2. Here, we frame the human-dolphin cooperative fishery in southern Brazil as a social-ecological system based on secondary data from the scientific and grey literature. To investigate the dynamics of this system, we survey the local and traditional ecological knowledge and examine potential changes in its main component—the artisanal fishers—over time and space.</p> <p>3. Over 16 years, we conducted four interview campaigns with 188 fishers in fishing sites that are more open (accessible) or closed (restricted) to external influence. We investigated their experience, engagement, and economic dependence on dolphin-assisted fishing, as well as the learning processes and transmission of the traditional knowledge required to cooperate with dolphins.</p> <p>4. Our qualitative data suggest that fishers using accessible and restricted fishing sites have equivalent fishing experience, but those in more restrictive sites tend to be more economically dependent on dolphins, relying on them for fishing year-round. The traditional knowledge on how to cooperate with dolphins is mostly acquired via social learning, with a tendency for vertical learning to be frequent among fishers using sites more restrictive for outsiders. Experience, economic dependence, and reliance on vertical learning seem to decrease recently, especially in the accessible site. Our quantitative analyses, however, suggest that some of these fluctuations were not significant.</p> <p>5. Our study outlines the key components of this social-ecological system and identifies changes in the attributes of a main component, the users. These changes, when coupled with changes on other components such as governance and resource units (fish and dolphins), can have implications for the persistence of this cultural practice and the livelihoods of Local Communities. We suggest that continuous monitoring of this system can help to safeguard the reciprocal contributions of this human-nature relationship in years to come.</p>
Transformation of social relationships in COVID-19 America: Remote communication may amplify political echo chambers
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic, with millions of Americans compelled to stay home and work remotely, presented an opportunity to explore the dynamics of social relationships in a predominantly remote world. Using the 1972-2022 General Social Surveys, we found that the pandemic significantly disrupted the patterns of social gatherings with family, friends, and neighbors, but only momentarily. Drawing from the nationwide ego-network surveys of 41,033 Americans from 2020 to 2022, we found that the size and composition of core networks remained stable, though political homophily increased among non-kin relationships compared to previous surveys between 1985 and 2016. Critically, heightened remote communication during the initial phase of the pandemic was associated with increased interaction with the same partisans, though political homophily decreased during the later phase of the pandemic when in-person contacts increased. These results underscore the crucial role of social institutions and social gatherings in promoting spontaneous encounters with diverse political backgrounds.</p>
Wildlife gardening: an urban nexus of social and ecological relationships
<p>Data and R script codes to conduct analysis for:</p> <p>Wildlife gardening: an urban nexus of social and ecological relationships</p> <p>Laura Mumaw and Luis Mata</p> <p>https://ecoevorxiv.org/9rkhm/</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Biodiversity in urban environments continues to decline, alongside diminution of human connections with nature and community. An integrated ethic and practice of caring for one’s human and ecological community could help address these issues. Here, we describe how wildlife gardening can be such a pathway. We snapshot related social dynamics and human wellbeing benefits, highlighting a case study that reveals an array of connections and wellbeing facets from wildlife gardening, and their relationship with number of activities and time spent in the garden. We outline how positive biodiversity outcomes can be attained through habitat improvement in gardens. We describe how integration of nature and human community stewardship can work across physical and political boundaries when government and communities work collaboratively. We argue that wildlife gardening carried out in this manner can involve urban residents in crafting and enacting an intertwined ethic and practice of caring for nature and humanity.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figs. 1–6 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)
Figs. 1–6. Characters of yellowjackets. 1–2, clypeus. 1, V. rufa (Linnaeus). 2, Vespula austriaca (Panzer). 3–4, head in frontal view. 3, Dolichovespula sylvestris (Scopoli). 4, D. norvegicoides (Sladen). 5–6, head in lateral view. 5, V. pensylvanica (de Saussure). 6, V. vidua (de Saussure). All scale bars equal 1 mm.
Fig. 19 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)
Fig. 19. Cladogram resulting from analysis of all the characters in table 1. Characters have been optimized with only unambiguous changes plotted. Character numbers are above the hashmarks; state changes are shown below, with the respective primitive and derived conditions separated by a ''.''. Filled hashmarks denote uncontroverted changes, whereas open hashmarks indicate homoplasy in the character. Characters supporting the monophyly of yellowjackets as a whole are not plotted. This cladogram also results from analysis of only the morphological characters in table 1.
Figs. 13–18 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)
Figs. 13–18. Characters of yellowjackets. 13–14, mandibular teeth. 13, Vespula shidai Ishikawa, Yamane and Wagner. 14, Dolichovespula saxonica (Fabricius). 15–18, mesosoma in lateral view. 15, D. adulterina (du Buysson). 16, Dolichovespula maculata (Linnaeus). 17, V. rufa (Linnaeus). 18, V. germanica (Fabricius). All scale bars equal 1 mm.
Fig. 20 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)
Fig. 20. Cladogram resulting from analysis of the behavioral characters in table 1, with the three inquiline species deleted.
Fig. 21 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)
Fig. 21. Cladogram for yellowjacket species, with usurpation behavior optimized. State changes are shown below squares, with the respective primitive and derived conditions separated by a ''.''. Grayscaled squares denote convergent changes whereas open squares indicate reversal.
Figs. 7–12 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)
Figs. 7–12. Characters of yellowjackets. 7–8, head in lateral view. 7, Dolichovespula norvegicoides (Sladen). 8, D. adulterina (du Buysson). 9–10, head in frontal view. 9, Vespula rufa (Linnaeus). 10, D. alpicola Eck. 11, head in lateral view, D. arenaria (Fabricius). 12, mandibular teeth, V. germanica (Fabricius). All scale bars equal 1 mm.
Triadic influence as a proxy for compatibility in social relationships
<p>This dataset contains valuable information that allows for the recreation of the paper "Triadic influence as a proxy for compatibility in social relationships" which was published in PNAS. The dataset comprises 13 high school networks that represent the diverse social relationships that exist between students within each school.</p> <p>To construct each of these networks, you can utilize the "Edges_i.csv" and "Nodes_i.csv" files, which are available for download in the files section. The edges files provide data on weighted edges, where the weight varies between -2, -1, +1, and +2. The sign indicates the nature of the friendship, while the number corresponds to its intensity. On the other hand, the node files contain information about the age level, group, sex, and psychological attributes such as CRT and prosociality.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Ecological tradeoffs drive a power-law relationship between group size and population density in social foragers
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Data for: What you have, not who you know: food-enhanced social capital and changes in social behavioural relationships in a non-human primate
<p>Social network position in non-human primates has far-reaching fitness consequences. Critically, social networks are both heterogenous and dynamic, meaning an individual's current network position is likely to change due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However, our understanding of the drivers of changes in social network position is largely confined to opportunistic studies. Experimental research on the consequences of <em>in situ, </em>controlled<em> </em>network perturbations is limited. Here we conducted a food-based experiment in rhesus macaques to assess whether allowing an individual the ability to provide high-quality food to her group changed her social behavioural relationships. We considered both her social network position across five behavioural networks, as well as her dominance and kin interactions. We found that gaining control over a preferential food resource had far-reaching social consequences. There was an increase in both submission and aggression centrality and changes in the socio-demographic characteristics of her agonistic interaction partners. Further, we found that her grooming balance shifted in her favour as she received more grooming than she gave. Together, these results provide a novel, preliminary insight into how <em>in situ</em>, experimental manipulations can modify social network position and point to broader network-level shifts in both social capital and social power.</p>
Volatile social environments can favour investments in quality over quantity of social relationships
<p>Cooperation does not occur in a vacuum: interactions develop over time in social groups that undergo demographic changes. Intuition suggests that stable social environments favour developing few but strong reciprocal relationships (a 'focused' strategy), while volatile social environments favour the opposite: more but weaker social relationships (a 'diversifying' strategy). We model reciprocal investments under a quality-quantity tradeoff for social relationships. We find that volatility, counterintuitively, can favour a focused strategy. This result becomes explicable through applying the theory of antagonistic pleiotropy, originally developed for senescence, to social life. Diversifying strategies show superior performance later in life, but with costs paid at young ages while the social network is slowly being built. Under volatile environments, many individuals die before reaching sufficiently old ages to reap the benefits. Social strategies that do well early in life are then favoured: a focused strategy leads individuals to form their first few social bonds quickly and to make strong use of existing bonds. Our model highlights the importance of pleiotropy and population age structure for the evolution of cooperative strategies and other social traits, and shows that it is not sufficient to reflect on the fate of survivors only, when evaluating the benefits of social strategies.</p>
Data from: Chimpanzee communities differ in their inter- and intrasexual social relationships
<p><span>Male and female human social bonding strategies are both culturally and genetically shaped. Chimpanzees, our phylogenetically joint closest living relatives, exhibit complex social structures and show impressive cultural diversity. Whether chimpanzee male and female bonding patterns are culturally shaped remains unclear. Studies of wild chimpanzees bonding across sex show that in some communities males show strong bonds with other males, whereas in others females form particularly strong intra-sex bonds. This suggests that there may be cultural variation in chimpanzee social bonding patterns, but excluding genetic or ecological explanations when comparing different wild populations is difficult. Here, we applied social network analysis to examine male and female social bonds in two neighbouring semi-wild chimpanzee groups of comparable ecological conditions and subspecies compositions, but that differ in demographic makeup. Results showed differences in bonding strategies across the two groups. While female-female proximity associations were significantly stronger in Group 1 (which had an even distribution of males and females) than Group 2 (which had a higher proportion of females than males), there were no such differences for male-male or male-female associations. Conversely, female-female grooming bonds were stronger in Group 2 than Group 1. We also found that, in line with captive studies but contrasting research with wild chimpanzees, maternal kinship strongly predicted proximity and grooming patterns across the groups. Our findings suggest that, as with humans, male and female chimpanzee social bonds are influenced by the specific social group they live in, rather than predisposed sex-based bonding strategies.</span></p>
Measurement of Social Strain in People with Dementia: A Pre-liminary Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Negative Relationship Quality Questionnaire in Indonesia
<p>People<strong> </strong>with dementia (PWD) may exhibit symptoms that negatively affect their relationships with their families or friends which could cause social strain. The Negative Relationship Quality (NRQ) questionnaire can be used to measure social strain in PWD. There has never been an Indonesian adaptation of the NRQ. This preliminary study aimed to measure the validity and reliability of the NRQ among PWD in Indonesia (NRQ-INA). This study used a cross-sectional design. Forward–backward translation methods were conducted first. Pearson’s correlation and factor analysis were employed for the validity test. Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest were used to determine reliability. The NRQ-INA has four parallel items related to social strain that are divided into three subscales and asked to spouse/partner, family members, and friends, leading to a total of 12 questions. The results of validity testing from 60 respondents showed that all items in the NRQ-INA were strongly valid with correlation coefficients (<em>r</em>) of >0.8 (<em>p</em><0.01). Factor analysis showed a convergence with the variance explained of more than 50% for all items in each subscale, which also indicated that NRQ-INA had acceptable construct validity to measure social strain. Cronbach’s alpha values (α) were 0.926, 0.942, and 0.938 for the subscales of spouse, friends, and family members, respectively. The correlations of test–retest reliability for all items were >0.7 (<em>p</em><0.01), demonstrating a reliable NRQ-INA measurement. In conclusion, NRQ-INA had a good validity and reliability to measure social strain in PWD. Further study of the concurrent validity among PWD is still needed.</p>
Effects of early predation and social cues on the relationship between laterality and personality in the Threespined stickleback
<p>Individual differences in laterality and personality are expected to covary, as emotions are processed differently by the two hemispheres and personality involves emotional behavior. Fish species are often used to investigate this topic due to the large variability in personality and laterality patterns. While some species show a positive relationship between lateralization strength and boldness, others show a negative relationship, and some show no relationship. To investigate whether this relationship follows changes in laterality and personality, we conducted a fully factorial design experiment manipulating predation and group size during early development. Results showed that the strength of laterality was influenced by predation threat, while social tendency and boldness were influenced by group size. These findings suggest that early life conditions can have an impact on laterality and social behavior. The relationship between laterality and personality traits, while present, was heavily influenced by the specific trial conditions, but not by the different developmental conditions.</p>
Exploratory Study of Circadian Relationships Between Social Behavior, Blood Pressure and Metabolomics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02249793. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Chimpanzee communities differ in their inter- and intrasexual social relationships
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Effects of early predation and social cues on the relationship between laterality and personality in the Threespined stickleback
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.