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39 results for “Social transmission”
Social contact patterns relevant for infectious disease transmission in Cambodia
<p>Social contact data from a community-based survey conducted in Cambodia in 2012. </p>
Scenario delay times regarding the expansion of the transmission system in Germany based on social acceptance
<p>The data is closely related to Mester et al. 2017. Integrating Social Acceptance of Electricity Grid Expansion into Energy System Modeling: A Methodological Approach for Germany. In Wohlgemuth, V., Fuchs-Kittowski, F. and Wittmann, J. (eds.) <em>Advances and New Trends in Environmental Informatics: Stability, Continuity, Innovation</em>. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 115 - 129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-44711-7_10.</p> <p>Each dataset contains the assumed delays in commissioning of German transmission grid projects given in years influenced by social acceptance based on three different scenarios - low, mid and high. In the attached file <em>VerNetzen-Verzoegerungszeiten-Kreise.csv </em>these<em> </em>delay times are given per district, which can be identified by their key, "Regionalschlüssel", and corresponding geo data (EPSG: 25832) of the administrative area provided by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy. © GeoBasis-DE / BKG 2014 (data was changed) Additionally other files contain scenario data for each transmission grid project. Geo data in these files is provided by the Bundesnetzagentur (data was changed).</p> <p>The dataset was created in the context of the interdisciplinary research project VerNetzen and is described in detail in the final project report: VerNetzen Degel, M., Christ, M., Grünert, J., Becker, L., Wingenbach, C., Soethe, M., Bunke, W.-D., Mester, K., und Wiese, F. (2016). <em>VerNetzen: Sozial-ökologische und technisch-ökonomische Modellierung von Entwicklungspfaden der Energiewende</em>. IZT Berlin, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Deutsche Umwelthilfe e.V., pp. 72-92, 102-105, 135-142.</p> <p><em><strong>Deutsch:</strong></em></p> <p>Die Daten stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit Mester et al. 2017. Integrating Social Acceptance of Electricity Grid Expansion into Energy System Modeling: A Methodological Approach for Germany. In Wohlgemuth, V., Fuchs-Kittowski, F. and Wittmann, J. (eds.) <em>Advances and New Trends in Environmental Informatics: Stability, Continuity, Innovation</em>. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 115 - 129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-44711-7_10.</p> <p>Je Datensatz ist angegeben, welche akzeptanz-bedingten Verzögerungen in Jahren für die Inbetriebnahme von Übertragungsnetzausbauvorhaben in den drei Szenarien - low, mid und high - zu erwarten sind. In der Datei <em>VerNetzen-Verzoegerungszeiten-Kreise.csv </em>werden Verzögerungen je Landkreis aufgeführt. Diese können durch den Regionalschlüssel oder durch Geodaten (EPSG: 25832) des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie zugeordnet werden. © GeoBasis-DE / BKG 2014 (Daten geändert) Darüber hinaus enthalten die anderen Dateien Daten je Vorhaben. Die entsprechenden Geodaten in diesen Dateien wurden von der Bundesnetzagentur bereitgestellt (Daten geändert).</p> <p>Der Datensatz ist im Kontext des interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekts VerNetzen entstanden und ist ausführlich im Projektabschlussbericht beschrieben: VerNetzen Degel, M., Christ, M., Grünert, J., Becker, L., Wingenbach, C., Soethe, M., Bunke, W.-D., Mester, K., und Wiese, F. (2016). <em>VerNetzen: Sozial-ökologische und technisch-ökonomische Modellierung von Entwicklungspfaden der Energiewende</em>. IZT Berlin, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Deutsche Umwelthilfe e.V., S.72-92, S.102-105, S.135-142.</p>
Combining epidemiological and ecological methods to quantify social effects on E. coli transmission
<p>Enteric microparasites like <i>Escherichia coli</i> utilize multiple transmission pathways to propagate within and between host populations. Characterizing the relative transmission risk attributable to host social relationships, and direct physical contact between individuals is paramount for understanding how microparasites like <i>E. coli </i>spread within affected communities and estimating colonization rates. To measure these effects, we carried out commensal <i>E. coli</i> transmission experiments in two cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i>) herds, wherein all individuals were equipped with real-time location tracking devices. Following transmission experiments in this model system, we derived temporally dynamic social and contact networks from location data. Estimated social affiliations, and dyadic contact frequencies during transmission experiments informed pairwise accelerated failure time models that we used to quantify effects of these sociobehavioral variables on weekly <i>E. coli</i> colonization risk in these populations. We found that sociobehavioral variables alone were ultimately poor predictors of <i>E. coli</i> colonization in feedlot cattle, but can have significant effects on colonization hazard rates (<i>p </i>≤ 0.05). We show, however, that observed effects were not consistent between similar populations. This work demonstrates that transmission experiments can be combined with real-time location data collection and processing procedures to create an effective framework for quantifying sociobehavioral effects on microparasite transmission.</p>
Combining epidemiological and ecological methods to quantify social effects on E. coli transmission
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Data from: Detecting and quantifying social transmission using network-based diffusion analysis
<p>1. Although social learning capabilities are taxonomically widespread, demonstrating that freely interacting animals (whether wild or captive) rely on social learning has proved remarkably challenging.</p> <p>2. Network-based diffusion analysis (NBDA) offers a means for detecting social learning using observational data on freely interacting groups. Its core assumption is that if a target behaviour is socially transmitted, then its spread should follow the connections in a social network that reflects social learning opportunities.</p> <p>3. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide for using NBDA. We first introduce its underlying mathematical framework and present the types of questions that NBDA can address. We then guide researchers through the process of: selecting an appropriate social network for their research question; determining which NBDA variant should be used; and incorporating other variables that may impact asocial and social learning. Finally, we discuss how to interpret an NBDA model's output and provide practical recommendations for model selection.</p> <p>4. Throughout, we highlight extensions to the basic NBDA framework, including incorporation of dynamic networks to capture changes in social relationships during a diffusion and using a multi-network NBDA to estimate information flow across multiple types of social relationship.</p> <p>5. Alongside this information, we provide worked examples and tutorials demonstrating how to perform analyses using the newly developed NBDA package written in the R programming language.</p>
Data from: A novel method to analyze social transmission in chronologically sequenced assemblages, implemented on cultural inheritance of the art of cooking
Here we present an analytical technique for the measurement and evaluation of changes in chronologically sequenced assemblages. To illustrate the method, we studied the cultural evolution of European cooking as revealed in seven cook books dispersed over the past 800 years. We investigated if changes in the set of commonly used ingredients were mainly gradual or subject to fashion fluctuations. Applying our method to the data from the cook books revealed that overall, there is a clear continuity in cooking over the ages – cooking is knowledge that is passed down through generations, not something (re-)invented by each generation on its own. Looking at three main categories of ingredients separately (spices, animal products and vegetables), however, disclosed that all ingredients do not change according to the same pattern. While choice of animal products was very conservative, changing completely sequentially, changes in the choices of spices, but also of vegetables, were more unbounded. We hypothesize that this may be due a combination of fashion fluctuations and changes in availability due to contact with the Americas during our study time period. The presented method is also usable on other assemblage type data, and can thus be of utility for analyzing sequential archaeological data from the same area or other similarly organized material.
Facultative symbiont virulence determines horizontal transmission rate without host specificity in Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebas
<p>In facultative symbioses, only a fraction of hosts are associated with symbionts. Specific host and symbiont pairings may be the result of host-symbiont coevolution driven by reciprocal selection, or priority effects pertaining to which potential symbiont became associated with a host first. Distinguishing between these possibilities is important for understanding the evolutionary forces that affect facultative symbioses. We used the social amoeba <em>Dictyostelium discoideum</em> and its symbiont <em>Paraburkholderia bonniea </em>to determine whether ongoing coevolution affects which host-symbiont strain pairs naturally co-occur within a facultative symbiosis. Relative to other <em>Paraburkholderia</em>,<em> </em>including another symbiont of <em>D. discoideum</em>, <em>P. bonniea</em> features a reduced genome size that indicates a significant history of coevolution with its host. We hypothesized that ongoing host-symbiont coevolution would lead to higher fitness for naturally co-occurring (native) host and symbiont pairings compared to novel pairings. We show for the first time that <em>P. bonniea</em> symbionts can horizontally transmit to new amoeba hosts when hosts aggregate together during the social stage of their life cycle. Here we find evidence for a virulence-transmission trade-off without host specificity. Although symbiont strains were significantly variable in virulence and horizontal transmission rate, hosts and symbionts responded similarly to associations in native and novel pairings. We go on to identify candidate virulence factors in the genomes of <em>P. bonniea </em>strains that may contribute to variation in virulence. We conclude that ongoing coevolution is unlikely for <em>D. discoideum </em>and <em>P. bonniea. </em>The system instead appears to represent a stable facultative symbiosis in which naturally co-occurring <em>P. bonniea </em>host and symbiont pairings are the result of priority effects.</p>
Data from: The importance of population heterogeneities in detecting social learning as the foundation of animal cultural transmission
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>High levels of within-population behavioural variation can have drastic demographic consequences, thus changing the evolutionary fate of populations. A major source of within-population heterogeneity is personality. Nonetheless, it is still relatively rarely accounted for in social learning studies that constitute the most basic process of cultural transmission. Here, we perform in female mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia holbrooki</em>) a social learning experiment in the context of mate choice, a situation called mate copying, and for which there is strong evidence that it can lead to the emergence of persistent traditions of preferring a given male phenotype. </span><span class="TexteCourant1Car"><span>When accounting for the </span></span><span>global</span><span class="TexteCourant1Car"> <span>tendency of females to prefer lager males </span></span><span>but ignoring differences in personality we detected no evidence for mate copying. However, when accounting for the bold-shy dichotomy, we found that bold females did not show any evidence for mate copying, while shy females showed significant amounts of mate copying. This illustrates how the presence of variation in personality can hamper our capacity to detect mate copying. We conclude that mate copying may be more widespread than we thought because many studies ignored the presence of within-population heterogeneities.</span></p>
Data from: Linking social and spatial networks to viral community phylogenetics reveals subtype-specific transmission dynamics in African lions
1.Heterogeneity within pathogen species can have important consequences for how pathogens transmit across landscapes; however, discerning different transmission routes is challenging. 2.Here we apply both phylodynamic and phylogenetic community ecology techniques to examine the consequences of pathogen heterogeneity on transmission by assessing subtype specific transmission pathways in a social carnivore. 3.We use comprehensive social and spatial network data to examine transmission pathways for three subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVPle) in African lions (Panthera leo) at multiple scales in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We used FIVPle molecular data to examine the role of social organization and lion density in shaping transmission pathways and tested to what extent vertical (i.e., father and/or mother offspring relationships) or horizontal (between unrelated individuals) transmission underpinned these patterns for each subtype. Using the same data, we constructed subtype specific FIVPle co-occurrence networks and assessed what combination of social networks, spatial networks, or co-infection best structured the FIVPle network. 4.While social organization (i.e., pride) was an important component of FIVPle transmission pathways at all scales, we find that FIVPle subtypes exhibited different transmission pathways at within- and between-pride scales. A combination of social and spatial networks, coupled with consideration of subtype co-infection, was likely to be important for FIVPle transmission for the two major subtypes, but the relative contribution of each factor was strongly subtype specific. 5.Our study provides evidence that pathogen heterogeneity is important in understanding pathogen transmission, which could have consequences for how endemic pathogens are managed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that community phylogenetic ecology coupled with phylodynamic techniques can reveal insights into the differential evolutionary pressures acting on virus subtypes, which can manifest into landscape-level effects.
Data from: Detecting and quantifying social transmission using network-based diffusion analysis
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Data from: Linking social and spatial networks to viral community phylogenetics reveals subtype-specific transmission dynamics in African lions
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Data from: Social transmission in the wild reduces predation pressure on novel prey signals
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Data from: The importance of population heterogeneities in detecting social learning as the foundation of animal cultural transmission
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Facultative symbiont virulence determines horizontal transmission rate without host specificity in Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebas
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Data from: A novel method to analyze social transmission in chronologically sequenced assemblages, implemented on cultural inheritance of the art of cooking
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Data from: Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
Claims of culture in animals have been stimulated by studies on a wide range of taxa revealing group-specific behavior patterns that remain stable through generations, consistent with different behavioral innovations spreading within groups by social transmission in a manner similar to human culture. In chimpanzees, 39 behaviors have been identified as 'cultural', because alternative genetic and environmental explanations for the observed regional variation appear less plausible. This interpretation is supported by experimental data from captive chimpanzee groups. However, there is no experimental evidence for social learning in the wild, nor has there been direct observation of social diffusion of spontaneously occurring behavioral innovations. Here, we document the spread of two novel tool-use variants, 'moss-sponging' and 'leaf-sponge re-use', in the Sonso chimpanzee community of Budongo Forest, Uganda. We use traditional network-based diffusion analysis (NBDA) to test whether these novel behaviors spread by social learning, as well as a newly developed dynamic version of NBDA, capable of capturing temporal aspects of acquisition, i.e. how each successive personal observations impact the subsequent acquisition of behavior. Both models provide strong evidence that diffusion patterns of moss-sponging, but not leaf-sponge re-use, are significantly better explained by social than asocial learning, therefore showing that wild chimpanzees socially learned moss-sponging from each other. The most conservative estimate of social transmission accounts for 85% of observed events with an estimated 11-fold increase in learning rate for each time a novice observed an informed individual performing moss-sponging. We conclude that group-specific behavioral variants in chimpanzees can be socially learned, suggesting this prerequisite for culture originated in a common ancestor of great apes and humans, long before the advent of modern humans.
Data from: Social transmission of information about a mutualist via trophallaxis in ant colonies
Partner discrimination is crucial in mutualistic interactions between organisms to counteract cheating by the partner. Trophobiosis between ants and aphids is a model system of such mutualistic interaction. To establish and maintain the mutualistic association, ants need to correctly discriminate mutualistic aphids. However, the mechanism by which ants recognize aphids as their partners is poorly understood, despite its ecological and evolutionary importance. Here, we show for the first time the evidence that interaction with nest-mates that have tended aphids (Aphis craccivora) allows ants (Tetramorium tsushimae) to learn to recognize the aphid species as their partner. When ants had previously tended aphids, they moderated their aggressiveness towards aphids. More importantly, ants that had interacted with aphid-experienced nest-mates also reduced their aggressiveness towards aphids, even though they had never directly experienced them, indicating that aphid information was transmitted from aphid-experienced ants to inexperienced ants. Furthermore, inhibition of mouth-to-mouth contact (trophallaxis) from aphid-experienced ants to inexperienced ants by providing the inexperienced ants with artificial honeydew solution caused the inexperienced ants to become aggressive towards aphids. These results, with further supporting data, strongly suggest that ants transfer information on their mutualists during trophallactic interactions.
Quantifying social contact dynamics in South Korea for infectious disease transmission
<p>Social contact data from a self-reportred survey conducted in South Korea. The survey was conducted from July to september 2023. </p>
Data from: Interspecific social networks promote information transmission in wild songbirds
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Data from: The index case is not enough: variation among individuals, groups, and social networks modify bacterial transmission dynamics
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.