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37 results for “Soil legacy effects”
Data for: Soil legacy effects of plants and drought on aboveground insects in native and range-expanding plant communities
<p><span>Soils contain biotic and abiotic legacies of previous conditions that may influence plant community biomass and associated aboveground biodiversity. However, little is known about the relative strengths and interactions of the various belowground legacies on aboveground plant-insect interactions. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to investigate the belowground legacy effects of range-expanding versus native plants, extreme drought, and their interactions on plants, aphids, and pollinators. We show that plant biomass was influenced more strongly by the previous plant community than by a previous summer drought. Plant communities consisted of four congeneric pairs of natives and range expanders, and their responses were not unanimous. </span><span>Legacy effects affected the abundance of aphids more strongly than pollinators</span><span>. We conclude that historical climate warming-induced plant latitudinal range expansion and extreme drought contingencies can be contained as soil 'memories' that influence plant performance and aboveground community interactions in the next growing season.</span></p>
Data from: Rhizosphere bacterial community composition depends on plant species identity and soil legacy effects
<p>This record contains supplementary information for the article "Rhizosphere bacterial community composition depends on plant diversity legacy in soil and plant species identity".</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S1.</strong> The table contains the annotation for all the samples sequenced and analyzed.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S2. </strong>The table contains all primer sequences used in the study.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S3.</strong> The zip-file contains a table with the taxonomic annotation of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified in the study.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S4. </strong> The zip-file contains a table with sequence counts of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified in the study.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S5. </strong>The workbook contains a sheet with the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) exhibiting differential abundance in any of the contrasts tested in this study. Note that “down/up” indicates whether the OTU was less (“down”) or more (“up”) abundant in the first group of the contrast. For example, given the contrast “PH_mix_vs_mon_”, “down” corresponds to higher abundance in the pots from the monoculture plant history. Conversely, “up” refers to higher abundance in the pots from the mixed culture plant history. In addition, the workbook contains one sheet per contrast with the logBaseMean (log2 of the average normalized abundance across all samples), the logFC (log2 of the fold-change), the <em>P</em>-value, and the adjusted <em>P</em>-value (FDR). Only OTUs with a <em>P</em>-value <= 0.05 or an adjusted <em>P</em>-value (FDR) <= 0.1 are given.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S6. </strong>The table contains the number of bacterial OTUs annotated with a given bacterial phylum.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S7. </strong>The table contains all phyla tested for enrichment/depletion in the set of OTUs with an increased abundance in monoculture and mixed culture soils respectively. “Total counts (all OTUs)” corresponds to the total number of all OTUs annotated with a given phyla (reference set). “Observed” corresponds to the number of OTUs annotated with a given phyla in the set OTUs with increased abundance in monoculture/mixed culture soils (test set). "Expected" gives the number of OTUs which would be expected to be annotated with a given phyla if the test set were randomly sampled from the reference set.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental File S1.</strong> The zip-file contains a fasta file with the 10'205 OTU sequences identified in the study.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset to Schiedung et al (2023): Soil carbon losses due to priming moderated by adaptation and legacy effects
<p>Data set to: Schiedung et al. (2023) Soil carbon losses due to priming moderated by adaptation and legacy effects, Nature Geoscience</p> <p>All file informations are presented in 0_Read_me_description.csv</p> <p>All .csv files are separated by ",". All .xlsx files contain the isotopic excess calculations condcuted in Microsoft Excel (Version 2301 Build 16.0.16026.20002).</p> <p>This repository contains all data of the soils and sites, incubation and fractionation presented in the above mentioned publication.</p> <p>For further questions and requests contact Marcus Schiedung (marcusschiedung@gmail.com)</p>
Data and code from: Soil decomposer can regulate the legacy effect of photodegradation on forest marcescent litter decomposition, but emerging microplastics disrupt this
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Data for: Soil legacy effects of plants and drought on aboveground insects in native and range-expanding plant communities
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Data from: Local soil legacy effects in a multi-species grassland community are underlain by root foraging and soil nutrient availability
<p>1. Plant soil legacies consisting of species-specific microbial communities are hypothesized to play a critical, structuring role in plant species co-existence processes. Plant species are thought to perform worse on soil conditioned by the same species compared to soil of other species, which serves as a self-limitation mechanism and averts mono-dominance of strong competitors. Here we test in a multi-species community setting, whether root colonisation and resource utilisation of soil patches with distinct soil legacies, are consistent with this hypothesis. 2. We grew eight grassland species together in an outdoor mesocosm setup in unconditioned soil and created soil patches in these communities conditioned by one of four plant species, or a soil mixture of all four. During two subsequent growing seasons, we tested the effect of these conditioned soil patches on belowground root colonisation into the patches of each surrounding plant species using a novel sequencing based approach. In addition, we tested the effect of soil conditioning on local root functioning by injecting tracers into the soil patches and measuring the recovery in aboveground biomass. 3. Against expectations, plant species did not place less roots in own soil patches compared to foreign soil patches, nor did species take up less tracer from own compared to foreign soil patches. Using structural equation modelling, we found that tracer uptake of the plant species was to a varying degree explained by root densities in the various soil patches and by differing soil nutrient availability of the soil patches. We conclude that soil legacy effects are inextricably connected to soil nutrient availability, which needs to be taken into account in plant-soil feedback research to understand the processes that shape plant communities. 4. Synthesis. We found that soil legacy effects in complex, multi-species semi-field conditions did not match expectations based on theory and experiments in controlled conditions. Among the many complicating factors that may modify or even overrule soil legacy effects in semi-field settings, we identified soil nutrient availability as a critical force that may, together with soil biota, shape plant species co-existence processes.</p>
Legacy effect of grazing intensity mediates the bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs
<p>1. Large-scale studies have demonstrated that nitrogen (N) and water (W) availability greatly affect terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, and this is especially true for the resource-poor semi-arid grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence is lacking for how N and W availability affect soil food webs across historical grazing intensity-altered environments at a local scale.</p> <p>2. Here, we included N- and W-addition treatments in an 8-year grazing experiment (with four grazing intensities) to determine how the legacy effects of grazing intensity mediate the responses of key components of soil food webs (plants, microorganisms, and nematodes) to resource addition in a semi-arid grassland.</p> <p>3. After 4 years of N- and W-addition treatments (with no grazing during that 4-year period), we found that a legacy of grazing, even light grazing, had significant negative effects on the components of plant community and soil food webs. Both N and W addition increased above- and below-ground plant biomass, especially under moderate and heavy grazing. N addition had negative effects on the biomass of bacteria under no grazing, while W addition increased the biomass of actinomycetes under light grazing. N addition decreased the abundance of omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes under light and heavy grazing, while W addition increased their abundance under heavy grazing. Overall, the effects of resource addition on soil food webs progressively decreased from the lowest trophic level (primary producers, i.e., plants), to intermediate tropic levels (microorganisms and root-feeding nematodes), to higher trophic levels (microbial-feeding nematodes and omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes).</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our results, which are the first data concerning the effects of resource addition on key components of soil food webs across a historical grazing-induced environmental gradient, show that the strong bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs are mediated by the legacy of grazing intensity. These finding should be useful for predicting the responses of grassland ecosystems to future climate change and suggest that the recovery of degraded grasslands will require more than restoration measure of resource inputs alone.</p>
Data from: Legacy effects of land use on soil nitrous oxide emissions in annual crop and perennial grassland ecosystems
Land use conversions into and out of agriculture may influence soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes for many years. We tested the legacy effects of land use on cumulative soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes for five years following conversion of 22 year-old Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands and conventionally tilled agricultural fields (AGR) to continuous no-till corn, switchgrass, and restored prairie. An unconverted CRP field served as a reference. We assessed the labile soil C pool of the upper 10 cm in 2009 (the conversion year) and in 2014 using short-term soil incubations. We also measured in situ soil N2O fluxes biweekly from 2009 through 2014 using static chambers except when soils were frozen. The labile C pool was ~2-fold higher in soils previously in CRP than in those formerly in tilled cropland. Five-year cumulative soil N2O emissions were ~3-fold higher in the corn system on former CRP than on former cropland despite similar fertilization rates (~184 kg N ha-1 yr-1). The lower cumulative emissions from corn on former cropland were similar to emissions from switchgrass that was fertilized less (~57 kg N ha-1 yr-1), regardless of former land use, and lowest emissions were observed from the unfertilized restored prairie and reference systems. Findings support the hypothesis that soil labile carbon levels modulate the response of soil N2O emissions to nitrogen inputs, with soils higher in labile carbon but otherwise similar – in this case reflecting land use history – responding more strongly to added nitrogen.
Data from: Foliar herbivory creates subtle soil legacy effects that alter future herbivores via changes in plant community biomass allocation
<p>Plants leave legacy effects in the soil they grow in, which can drive important vegetation processes, including productivity, community dynamics and species turnover. Plants at the same time also face continuous pressure posed by insect herbivores. Given the intimate interactions between plants and herbivores in ecosystems, plant identity and herbivory are likely to interactively shape soil legacies. However, the mechanisms that drive such legacy effects on future generations of plants and associated herbivores are little known.<br> In a greenhouse study, we exposed ten common grasses and non-leguminous forbs individually to insect herbivory by two closely related noctuid caterpillars, <i>Mamestra brassicae</i> and <i>Trichoplusia ni</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) or kept them free of herbivores. We then used the soil legacies created by these plant individuals to grow a plant community composed of all ten plant species in each soil, and exposed these plant communities to <i>M. brassicae</i>. We measured conditioning plant biomass, soil respiration and chemistry of the conditioned soils, as well as individual plant, plant community and herbivore biomass responses.</p> <p>At the end of the conditioning phase, soils with herbivore legacies had higher soil respiration, but only significantly so for <i>M. brassicae</i>. Herbivore legacies had minimal impacts on community productivity. However, path models reveal that herbivore-induced soil legacies affected responding herbivores through changes in plant community shoot: root ratios. Soil legacy effect patterns differed between functional groups. We found strong plant species and functional group-specific effects on soil respiration parameters, which in turn led to plant community shifts in grass: forb biomass ratios. Soil legacies were negative for the growth of plants of the same functional group. </p> <p><strong>Synthesis:</strong><i> </i>We show that insect herbivory, plant species and their functional groups, all incur soil microbial responses that lead to subtle (herbivory) or strong (plants and their functional group) effects in response plant communities and associated polyphagous herbivores. Hence, even though typically ignored, our study emphasizes that legacies of previous insect herbivory in the soil can influence current soil-plant-insect community interactions.</p>
Light condition experienced by parent plants influences the response of offspring to light via both parental effects and soil legacy effects
<p>1. Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring performance through parental effects induced by DNA methylation. The offspring can also be influenced by environmental conditions experienced by their parents via soil legacy effects due to plant-mediated changes in the composition of soil microbes. These two effects are likely to act simultaneously, but empirical evidence for combined effects is limited.</p> <p>2. We conducted a two-phase experiment with five genotypes of a clonal plant <em>Hydrocotyle vulgaris</em>. In the first phase, we grew parent plants of each genotype under two light conditions (ambient vs. shade) and two DNA demethylation treatments (treated with water vs. 5-azacytidine). We then collected soils and clonal offspring for each genotype from each of these four treatments and measured soil (a)biotic properties. In the second phase, we grew the offspring from each of the four treatments in the four different soils, under the two light conditions.</p> <p>3. When grown under ambient light condition and in soil from ambient parents, offspring produced by ambient parents grew larger than offspring produced by shaded parents when the parents were treated with water. This difference was smaller when the parents were treated with 5-azacytidine, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from shaded parents. The growth difference was also observed when the offspring were grown under shaded condition and in soil from shaded parents. However, this difference was greater when the parents were treated with 5-azacytidine, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from ambient parents. Moreover, offspring growth was associated with fungal composition and total phosphorus of the soil in which the parents had grown.</p> <p>4. Our results show, for the first time, that light condition experienced by parents can influence offspring responses to light through both parental effects and soil legacies. The parental effects were mediated by changes in DNA methylation and the soil legacies were due to plant-mediated changes in a combination of soil biotic and abiotic properties. These impacts may eventually influence the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of clonal plant populations.</p>
Persistence of plant-mediated microbial soil legacy effects in soil and inside roots
<p>Plant-soil feedbacks are shaped by microbial legacies that plants leave in the soil. We tested the persistence of these legacies after subsequent colonization by the same or other plant species. Soil fungal legacies were detectable for months, but the current plant effect on fungi amplified in time. Contrary, in bacterial communities, legacies faded away rapidly and bacteria communities were influenced strongly by the current plant. However, both fungal and bacterial legacies were conserved inside the roots of the current plant species and their composition significantly correlated with plant growth. Hence, microbial soil legacies present at the time of plant establishment play a vital role in shaping plant growth even when these legacies have faded away in the soil due the growth of the current plant species. We conclude that soil microbiome legacies are reversible and versatile, but that they can create plant-soil feedbacks via altering the endophytic community acquired during early ontogeny.</p>
Dataset for: Exploring the legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions
<p><span>This dataset contains data for exploring the legacy effects of biochar addition on soil nitrous oxide emissions and their effects on functional gene abundance associated with soil nitrogen cycling. The dataset contains two data files, one is a data table on the impact of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions, which contains the coordinates of the study site, climate, basic physical and chemical properties of the soil, biochar characteristics and study duration, crop type and management. The other is the data table on the effect of biochar application on the abundance of functional genes related to soil nitrogen cycling, which contains information such as test site coordinates, climate, biochar characteristics, crop type and management. This data can be referenced and reused without any legal or ethical considerations</span>.</p>
Data from: Legacy effects of land use on soil nitrous oxide emissions in annual crop and perennial grassland ecosystems
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Persistence of plant-mediated microbial soil legacy effects in soil and inside roots
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Data from: Foliar herbivory creates subtle soil legacy effects that alter future herbivores via changes in plant community biomass allocation
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Legacy effect of grazing intensity mediates the bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs
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Agricultural management legacy effects on switchgrass growth and soil carbon gains
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Light condition experienced by parent plants influences the response of offspring to light via both parental effects and soil legacy effects
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Dataset for: Exploring the legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions
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Data from: Local soil legacy effects in a multi-species grassland community are underlain by root foraging and soil nutrient availability
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