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26 results for “Solidago altissima”
Data for: Climate warming and drought effects on volatile organic compound emissions from Solidago altissima
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected from Solidago altissima in drought and warming treatments in the KBS-LTER Rain Exclusion Experiment (REX). This sampling took place in July 2022 when the plants had been experiencing warming (via open-top chambers) for 20 months, and drought (via rainout shelters) for 3 weeks. The data presented here are the final data files used for analysis, and contain VOC abundance values per plant across the four climate treatments: ambient, warmed, drought, and warmed + drought. Code is available at: https://github.com/dobsonk2/REX_VOCs (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15169943)
Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on Solidago altissima stem morphology, size, and herbivory at Kellogg Biological Station 2016-2022
We surveyed naturally occurring tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) plants in a long-term nitrogen addition field experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station's T7 untilled succession plots in the Main Cropping System Experiment (https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/research/long-term-experiments/main-cropping-system-experiment/). We collected data on the defensive stem nodding morph (which helps plants evade apex-galling herbivores) and presence of galls in 2016, 2021, and 2022.
Figure 3 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
Figure 3. (a) Aboveground biomass of S. altissima in September 2019. (b) Biomass of rhizomes of S. altissima in September 2019. Mowing 1: mowed once in July; Mowing 2: mowed twice in May and September; Mowing 3: mowed three times in May, July, and September. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of 14 replicates. Bars with different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 (ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test).
Figure 4 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
Figure 4. Effects of control practices on flowering rates of S. altissima in October 2019. Mowing 1: mowed once in July; Mowing 2: mowed twice in May and September; Mowing 3: mowed three times in May, July, and September. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of 14 replicates. Bars with different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 (ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test).
Figure 1 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
Figure 1. (a) Coverage of S. altissima and (b) the average number of species per quadrat in the S. altissima-dominant areas or uninvaded areas. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of 14 replicates. Bars with different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 (Student's t-test).
Figure 2 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
Figure 2. Number of shoots of S. altissima in March 2018 and April 2019. Mowing 1: mowed once in July; Mowing 2: mowed twice in May and September; Mowing 3: mowed three times in May, July, and September; Eco 200: 30% of shoots in the quadrats were cut near the ground, and the cut surfaces were covered with Eco 200 block. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of 14 replicates. Bars with different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 (ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test).
Solidago altissima L. (BR0000015240439V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Solidago altissima Michx. (BR0000015270306V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Solidago altissima L. (BR0000015240316V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Solidago altissima L. (BR0000015240286V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Table 3 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
<p><b>Table 3.</b> Heights of <i>S. altissima</i> before mowing in September 2019.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Site</th><th>Control</th><th>Mowing 1</th><th>Mowing 2</th><th>Mowing 3</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Site 1</th><td>168.0 ± 3.27a</td><td>64.0 ± 3.32c</td><td>100.5 ± 9.14b</td><td>67.5 ± 3.1c</td></tr><tr><th>Site 2</th><td>192.0 ± 11.3a</td><td>79.0 ± 4.07c</td><td>111.0 ± 6.9b</td><td>73.0 ± 7.61c</td></tr><tr><th>Site 3</th><td>159.0 ± 4.99a</td><td>123.0 ± 7.12b</td><td>84.5 ± 5.89c</td><td>47.0 ± 2.71d</td></tr><tr><th>Site 4</th><td>190.0 ± 2.98a</td><td>102.0 ± 3.89b</td><td>112.5 ±8.07b</td><td>62.0 ± 5.33c</td></tr><tr><th>Site 5</th><td>217.0 ±10.23a</td><td>87.5 ± 4.9c</td><td>137.0 ± 4.96b</td><td>62.5 ± 3.1d</td></tr><tr><th>Site 6</th><td>177.5 ± 6.76a</td><td>97.5 ± 5.44c</td><td>120.5 ± 4.97b</td><td>60.0 ± 2.58d</td></tr><tr><th>Site 7</th><td>143.5 ± 12.2a</td><td>81.0 ± 2.77b</td><td>138.5 ± 3.5a</td><td>62.0 ± 4.67b</td></tr></tbody></table><p>* Mowing 1: mowed once in July; Mowing 2: mowed twice in May and September; Mowing 3: mowed three times in May, July, and September. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of 10 replicates. Means within a row followed by different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 (ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test). Units: cm.</p>
Table 2 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
<p><b>Table 2.</b> Heights of <i>S. altissima</i> before mowing treatment in May 2019.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Site</th><th>Control</th><th>Mowing 1</th><th>Mowing 2</th><th>Mowing 3</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Site 1</th><td>101.0 ± 3.2a</td><td>101.0 ± 3.0a</td><td>81.1 ± 2.6b</td><td>64.9 ± 3.1c</td></tr><tr><th>Site 2</th><td>116.5 ± 4.7a</td><td>111.8 ± 4.7a</td><td>82.9 ± 4.1b</td><td>72.5 ± 6.6b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 4</th><td>89.1 ± 2.2a</td><td>74.8 ± 2.2b</td><td>49.5 ± 3.1d</td><td>59.8 ± 1.6c</td></tr><tr><th>Site 5</th><td>93.5 ± 2.5a</td><td>99.5 ± 2.3a</td><td>78.0 ± 2.0b</td><td>77.1 ± 2.0b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 6</th><td>125.3 ± 5.2a</td><td>117.0 ± 3.0a</td><td>86.5 ± 3.0c</td><td>105.0 ± 3.4b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 7</th><td>123.3 ± 3.3a</td><td>119.3 ± 2.9ab</td><td>111.3 ± 2.8bc</td><td>110.3 ± 3.1c</td></tr><tr><th>Site 8</th><td>96.0 ± 4.0a</td><td>94.5 ± 4.1ab</td><td>84.5 ± 3.3bc</td><td>81.0 ± 3.1c</td></tr></tbody></table><p>* Mowing 1: mowed once in July; Mowing 2: mowed twice in May and September; Mowing 3: mowed three times in May, July, and September. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of 10 replicates. Means within a row followed by different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 (ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test). Units: cm.</p>
Table 1 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Heights of dead shoots of <i>S. altissima</i> after 1 year of treatment in April 2019.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Site</th><th>Control</th><th>Mowing 1</th><th>Mowing 2</th><th>Mowing 3</th><th>Eco 200</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Site 1</th><td>162.8 ± 6.62a</td><td>85.7 ± 5.52b</td><td>29.5 ± 2.74c</td><td>21.3 ± 2.09c</td><td>77.9 ± 8.94b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 2</th><td>213.2 ± 12.08a</td><td>87.1 ± 7.33c</td><td>38.4 ± 2.17d</td><td>29.0 ± 2.01d</td><td>144.8 ± 9.57b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 3</th><td>163.4 ± 7.31a</td><td>66.3 ± 4.55c</td><td>40.7 ± 2.57d</td><td>33.4 ± 2.11d</td><td>143.4 ± 7.13b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 4</th><td>191.6 ± 3.84a</td><td>160.8 ± 7.90b</td><td>59.2 ± 1.66d</td><td>81.9 ± 6.50c</td><td>166.9 ± 12.33b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 5</th><td>181.7 ± 4.76a</td><td>114.7 ± 2.90b</td><td>89.5 ± 10.23c</td><td>46.6 ± 5.12d</td><td>183.8 ± 9.00a</td></tr><tr><th>Site 6</th><td>174.8 ± 4.34a</td><td>82.9 ± 4.49c</td><td>39.7 ± 2.51d</td><td>31.6 ± 2.47d</td><td>153.3 ± 3.12b</td></tr><tr><th>Site 7</th><td>165.5 ± 4.79a</td><td>91.2 ± 6.02b</td><td>64.7 ± 3.24c</td><td>44.0 ± 3.67d</td><td>153.8 ± 7.25a</td></tr></tbody></table><p>* Mowing 1: mowed once in July; Mowing 2: mowed twice in May and September; Mowing 3: mowed three times in May, July, and September; Eco 200: 30% of shoots in the quadrats were cut near the ground, and the cut surfaces were covered with the Eco 200 block. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of 20 replicates. Means within a row followed by different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 (ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test). Units: cm.</p>
Table 4 in Mowing inhibits the invasion of the alien species Solidago altissima and is an effective management strategy
<p><b>Table 4.</b> Change in areas occupied by <i>S. altissima</i> in patch-type communities from March 2018 to March 2019.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Control</th><th>Mowing 3</th><th>Eco 20%</th><th>Eco 100%</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>205.2 ± 107.3</th><td>24.7 ± 44.0</td><td>104.5 ± 85.2</td><td><i>−</i> 31.7 ± 13.0</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Mowing 3: mowed three times in May, July, and September; Eco 20%: 20% of shoots were mowed and treated with Eco 200; Eco 100%: 100% of shoots were mowed and treated with Eco 200. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of six replicates.</p>
A geographic mosaic of coevolution between Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) and its host plant tall goldenrod Solidago altissima (L.)
<p>A geographic mosaic of coevolution has produced local reciprocal adaptation in tall goldenrod, <i>Solidago altissima</i> (L.), and the goldenrod ball gall fly, <i>Eurosta solidaginis</i> (Fitch 1855). The fly is selected to induce gall diameters that minimize mortality from natural enemies, and the plant is selected to limit gall growth that reduces plant fitness. We conducted a double reciprocal transplant experiment where <i>S. altissima</i> and <i>E. solidaginis</i> from three sites were grown in gardens at each site to partition the gall morphology variation into fly genotype, plant genotype, and the environment components. The host plant gall diameter induced by each <i>E. solidaginis</i> population was adapted to inhibit local natural enemies from ovipositing on or consuming enclosed larvae. Reciprocally, increasing the gall size induced by the local fly population increased the resistance of the local plant host population to gall growth. Differences among sites in natural enemies produced a mosaic of hotspots of coevolutionary arms races between flies selecting for greater gall diameter and plants for smaller diameters, and coldspots where there is no selection on plant or fly for a change in gall diameter. In contrast, the geographic variations of gall length and gall shape were not due to coevolutionary interactions.</p>
An ecological-evolutionary investigation of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental variation and correlations among reproductive traits of tall goldenrod (<em>Solidago altissima</em>)
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Environmentally triggered variability in the genetic variance-covariance of herbivory resistance of an exotic plant Solidago altissima
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A geographic mosaic of coevolution between Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) and its host plant tall goldenrod Solidago altissima (L.)
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Data from: Solidago altissima differs with respect to ploidy frequency and clinal variation across the prairie-forest biome border in Minnesota
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Although our awareness of ploidy diversity has expanded with the application of flow cytometry, we still know little about the extent to which cytotypes within mixed-ploidy populations are genetically differentiated across environmental gradients. METHODS: To address this issue, we reared 14 populations of Solidago altissima spanning the prairie–forest ecotone in Minnesota in a common garden with a watering treatment. We assessed ploidy frequencies and measured survival, flowering phenology, and plant architectural traits for 4 years. KEY RESULTS: All populations harbored multiple cytotypes; prairie populations were dominated by tetraploids, forest populations by hexaploids. Diploids and polyploids differed significantly for 84% of the traits. Beyond average differences, the slope of trait values covaried with latitude and longitude, but this relationship was stronger for diploids than the other two polyploid cytotypes as indicated by numerous ploidy × latitude and ploidy × longitude interactions. For example, the timing of flowering of the cytotypes overlapped in populations sampled from the northeastern hemiboreal forest but differed significantly between cytotypes sampled from populations in the southwestern prairie. The watering treatments had weak effects, and there were no ploidy differences for phenotypic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that diploids have diverged genetically to a greater extent than polyploids along the environmental clines sampled in this study. Moreover, different environments favor phenotypic convergence over divergence among cytotypes for some traits. Differences in ploidy frequency and phenotypic divergence among cytotypes across gradients of temperature and precipitation are important considerations for restoration in an age of climate change.
Fig. 6 in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity
Fig. 6. Effects of the n-hexane extract (A), cis-dehydromatricaria ester (cis-DME, 1) (B), 13E-7α-acetoxy kolavenic acid (7) (C), (2Z, 8Z)-10-tigloyloxy matricaria ester (8) (D), (2Z, 8Z)-10-angeloyloxy matricaria ester (9) (E), and 13E-kolavenic acid (10) (F) on the root and shoot lengths of Italian ryegrass seedlings. The bioassays of isolated compounds B–F were performed at their concentrations in the n-hexane extracts shown in (A). The values are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Different letters represent significant differences between treatments (p <0.05, one-way ANOVA via Tukey's multiple comparison test).
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