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11 results for “Solidago altissima L.”
Solidago altissima L. (BR0000015240439V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Solidago altissima L. (BR0000015240316V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Solidago altissima L. (BR0000015240286V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
A geographic mosaic of coevolution between Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) and its host plant tall goldenrod Solidago altissima (L.)
<p>A geographic mosaic of coevolution has produced local reciprocal adaptation in tall goldenrod, <i>Solidago altissima</i> (L.), and the goldenrod ball gall fly, <i>Eurosta solidaginis</i> (Fitch 1855). The fly is selected to induce gall diameters that minimize mortality from natural enemies, and the plant is selected to limit gall growth that reduces plant fitness. We conducted a double reciprocal transplant experiment where <i>S. altissima</i> and <i>E. solidaginis</i> from three sites were grown in gardens at each site to partition the gall morphology variation into fly genotype, plant genotype, and the environment components. The host plant gall diameter induced by each <i>E. solidaginis</i> population was adapted to inhibit local natural enemies from ovipositing on or consuming enclosed larvae. Reciprocally, increasing the gall size induced by the local fly population increased the resistance of the local plant host population to gall growth. Differences among sites in natural enemies produced a mosaic of hotspots of coevolutionary arms races between flies selecting for greater gall diameter and plants for smaller diameters, and coldspots where there is no selection on plant or fly for a change in gall diameter. In contrast, the geographic variations of gall length and gall shape were not due to coevolutionary interactions.</p>
A geographic mosaic of coevolution between Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) and its host plant tall goldenrod Solidago altissima (L.)
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Fig. 6 in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity
Fig. 6. Effects of the n-hexane extract (A), cis-dehydromatricaria ester (cis-DME, 1) (B), 13E-7α-acetoxy kolavenic acid (7) (C), (2Z, 8Z)-10-tigloyloxy matricaria ester (8) (D), (2Z, 8Z)-10-angeloyloxy matricaria ester (9) (E), and 13E-kolavenic acid (10) (F) on the root and shoot lengths of Italian ryegrass seedlings. The bioassays of isolated compounds B–F were performed at their concentrations in the n-hexane extracts shown in (A). The values are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Different letters represent significant differences between treatments (p <0.05, one-way ANOVA via Tukey's multiple comparison test).
Fig. 1 in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity
Fig. 1. High-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection, total ion current (TIC), and extracted ion current chromatograms of the extract of the underground parts of S. altissima. (A) Monitored at 254 nm; (B) monitored at 230 nm; (C) monitored at 330 nm; (D) operated in positive ion mode. a) TIC, b) m/z 273.111 ([M H]+ of compounds 8 and 9), c) m/z 261.113 ([M H]+ of compound 6), d) m/z 259.095 ([M H]+ of compounds 2–4), e) m/z 173.061 ([M + + + + H–C H O]+ of compound 4), f) m/z 159.045 ([M + H–C H O]+ of compounds 2 and 3); (E) TIC in negative ion mode. The scale factors of the chromatograms are 4 6 2 5 8 2 indicated in parentheses. The numbers in the figure correspond to the compounds listed in Table 1.
Fig. 5 in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity
Fig. 5. Effects of the n-hexane extract (A), cis-dehydromatricaria ester (cis-DME, 1) (B), 13E-7α-acetoxy kolavenic acid (7) (C), (2Z, 8Z)-10-tigloyloxy matricaria ester (8) (D), (2Z, 8Z)-10-angeloyloxy matricaria ester (9) (E), and 13E-kolavenic acid (10) (F) on the root and shoot lengths of lettuce seedlings. The bioassays of isolated compounds B–F were performed at their concentrations in the n-hexane extracts shown in (A). The values are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Different letters represent significant differences between treatments (p <0.05, one-way ANOVA via Tukey's multiple comparison test).
Fig. 4. Key 1H–1H in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity
Fig. 4. Key 1H–1H COSY (bold dark lines), HMBC (red arrows), and NOESY (blue arrows) correlations of compounds 2–4. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 7. Predictable biosynthesis pathway for some polyacetylenes and acetylenes from S in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity
Fig. 7. Predictable biosynthesis pathway for some polyacetylenes and acetylenes from S. altissima.
Fig. 2 in Comprehensive characterization of polyacetylenes and diterpenes from the underground parts of Solidago altissima L. and their contribution to the overall allelopathic activity
Fig. 2. Chemical structures of compounds 1–10 isolated from the underground parts of S. altissima.
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