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FIGURE 4 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

FIGURE 4. Holotype of Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. (RMNH.RENA 8785). (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral view of the head. (D) Lateral view of a midbody section (left side). Scale bar = 2.0 mm. Drawings by Felix Mader based on photographs by Sven Mecke.

FIGURE 3 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

FIGURE 3. Holotype of Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. (RMNH.RENA 8785) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral view. Numbered units on ruler are in centimeters. Photos by Sven Mecke.

FIGURE 2 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

FIGURE 2. Historical drawings of Cylindrophis ruffus sensu historico (A, B & D−G) and Scytale scheuchzeri (C). Illustrations from: (A) Russell (1801); (B) Shaw (1802); (C) Scheuchzer (1735); (D) Wagler (1828–1833); and (E–G) Schlegel (1837– 1844). Illustrations are not to scale. Plate prepared by Hinrich Kaiser and Mark O'Shea.

FIGURE 1 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

FIGURE 1. Historical drawings of Cylindrophis ruffus sensu historico. Illustrations from: (A–C) Scheuchzer (1735); and (D– E) Seba (1735). Illustrations are not to scale. Plate prepared by Hinrich Kaiser and Mark O'Shea.

FIGURE 6 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

FIGURE 6. Head of a Cylindrophis ruffus sensu lato specimen from Bogor, Java (SMF 16980), in lateral view. Note the broad contact of the prefrontal with the orbit. Scale bar 2.0 mm. Drawing by Felix Mader based on a photograph by Gunther Köhler.

FIGURE 5 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

FIGURE 5. Paratypes of Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. in dorsal view. (A) RMNH.RENA 8958; (B) RMNH.RENA 8959; (C) RMNH.RENA 11257; (D) RMNH.RENA 11263; (E) RMNH.RENA 47929; (F) NMW 21559.1. All RMNH specimens were collected at the type locality, Grabag, Purworejo (formerly Koetoardjo) Regency, Central Java Province (Jawa Tengah), Java, Indonesia. NMW 21559.1 is from Java, Indonesia, without detailed locality data. Numbered units on ruler are in centimeters. Photos by Sven Mecke.

FIGURE 7 in An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)

FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Cylindrophis subocularis sp. nov. and C. ruffus sensu lato on Java, Indonesia. The black triangle marks the type locality of C. subocularis sp. nov. at Grabag. The white circles with letters identify localities of examined specimens of C. ruffus sensu lato, including (a) Jakarta (Batavia), (b) Bogor (Buitenzorg), (c) Sukabumi (Soekaboemi), (d) Indramayu (Indramajoe), (e) Cirebon (Cheribon), (f) Kagok, Tegal, (g) Pekalongan, (h) Semarang (Samarang), (i) Rembang, (j) Kediri, (k) Surabaya (Surabaja, Soerabaja), (l) Mount Arjuno (Ardjoeno), (m) Malang (Malary/ Malang?), and (n) Tengger Mountains. Note that not all locality data of museum vouchers provided necessarily correspond to towns and their environs but may refer to district names at the time of specimen collection. Locality names in parentheses refer to historical names provided on museum labels or in museum catalogues. Base map modified from Wikipedia © Sadalmelik / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA-3.0 by Sven Mecke.

FIG. 7 in New species, synonymies and life-histories in the South-East Asian treehopper genus Pyrgauchenia Breddin (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae: Centrotinae)

FIG. 7. Nymphs of Pyrgauchenia tristaniopsis. (A, B) First instar: (A) habitus left lateral view, rostrum and legs not drawn; (B) apex of abdomen, dorsal view. (C, D) second instar, ditto. (E, F) Third instar, ditto. (G, H) Fourth instar, ditto. (I, J) Fifth instar: (I) apex of abdomen; (J) habitus, left lateral view, rostrum and legs not drawn. (K) Pronotum left lateral view (®fth instar female, for arrow see text). (L) Head and thorax, dorsal view (®fth instar). 1st, 2nd, 3rd Instars and 4th±5th Instars drawn to scale, respectively.

FIG. 4 in New species, synonymies and life-histories in the South-East Asian treehopper genus Pyrgauchenia Breddin (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae: Centrotinae)

FIG. 4. Pyrgauchenia colorata. (A± C) Aedeagus, posterior, apical and left lateral view, respectively (broken line in (C) indicates gonoduct on posterior side and median groove on anterior side). (D) Left style in lateral view (broken line indicates membrane connecting styles). (E) Left style, posterior view, i.e. as indicated by arrowhead in ®gure 2I, line indicates median plane.

FIG. 3 in New species, synonymies and life-histories in the South-East Asian treehopper genus Pyrgauchenia Breddin (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae: Centrotinae)

FIG. 3. External features in Pyrgauchenia colorata. (A± C) Habitus, right lateral and frontal view: (A) brunnei paratype male; (B) male leg. U. Stegmann; (C) colorata paralectotype female. (D, E) Distal lobes of anterior process of pronotum, anterodorsal and left lateral view respectively, male leg. U. Stegmann (dotted and solid line, respectively: median carina). (F±H) Habitus female, right lateral and frontal view: (F) colorata lectotype; (G) angulata paratype; (H) leg. U. Stegmann. (I) Female pronotum, left lateral view, leg. U. Stegmann. (J) Apex of anterior process of female, posterior view, leg. U. Stegmann.

FIG. 1 in New species, synonymies and life-histories in the South-East Asian treehopper genus Pyrgauchenia Breddin (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae: Centrotinae)

FIG. 1. External features and genitalia in Pyrgauchenia species, left lateral view, except where indicated (for arrows see text). (A±F) tristaniopsis: (A) head, frontal view; (B) left tegmina; (C) male genital capsule; (D) subgenital plates, ventral view; (E) 2nd valvulae; (F) female genital capsule. (G±H) biuni: left side of pronotum of last instar nymph, (G) female; (H) male. (I±K) colorata, last instar nymph: (I) pronotum of female; (J) pronotum of male; (K) abdominal apex in dorsal view. (L, M) pendleburyi, pronotum of last instar nymph: (L) female; (M) male.

FIG. 2 in New species, synonymies and life-histories in the South-East Asian treehopper genus Pyrgauchenia Breddin (Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae: Centrotinae)

FIG. 2. Pyrgauchenia biuni (paratypes unless stated otherwise) (for arrows and arrowhead see text). (A) Habitus male, right lateral and frontal view (marked distance indicates length of anterior process). (B) Habitus female, right lateral and frontal view. (C) Distal lobes of male anterior process, anterodorsal view (dotted line: median carina). (D) Distal lobes of male anterior process, left lateral view. (E) Distal lobes of female anterior process, anterodorsal view. (F±H) Aedeagus, posterior (right: holotype), left lateral and apical view respectively (broken line in (G) indicates gonoduct on posterior side and median groove on anterior side). (I) Left style, left lateral view (upper: holotype) (broken line indicates membrane connecting the styles; marked distance with arrowhead indicates perspective of (J )). (J) Left style in posterior view, as indicated by arrowhead in (I) (left: holotype) (line indicates median plane).

FIGURE 28 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 28. Number of emergent adults of Abs. terminalis from Laboratory rearing across a one month period (Photoperiod= 12:12, Temperature 25 °C, humidity 70–80%.)

FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A flash pattern of patrolling male; B flash pattern of male perched on tip of grass; C calling signal of female.

FIGURE 25. Abs. terminalis fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 25. Abs. terminalis fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C head; D part of labium, maxilla and left antenna; E larva. (A anterior view slightly to one side with ventral surface uppermost; B, E, dorsal; C, D ventral). A1 antennal segment 1; A2 antennal segment 2; A3 antennal segment 3; SC sensory cone; LP labial palp; G galea; MXP maxillary palpus.

FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A observation site-paddies (Red flag village, Wuhan city); B larvae feeding on termites Reticulitermes chinensis; C pupal cell; D male and female in copulo.

FIGURE 27 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 27. Luminescence of pupae and adults of Abs. terminalis (Scale bar = 5mm). A 3-day old male pupa ventral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 266s); B 3-day old male pupa lateral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 439s); C 3-day old male pupa dorsal (F 4.5, ISO 200, 490s); D 7-day old female pupa ventral (F 14, ISO 800, 625s); E, newly-emergent female adult within 3 hours (F 4.5, ISO 640, 301s).

FIGURE 24. Abs. terminalis Female reproductive system and bursa. A entire system with V8 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 24. Abs. terminalis Female reproductive system and bursa. A entire system with V8 intact, spermatophore digesting gland to top of figure. B detail bursa hooks. (Scale bar= 1mm). BU, bursa; SDG, spermatophore digesting gland; V, valvifer.

FIGURE 23. Abs. terminalis male genitalia. A, B in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 23. Abs. terminalis male genitalia. A, B aedeagal sheath; C, D, E aedeagus (A, C dorsal; B, D ventral; E right lateral) (Scale bar= 1mm).

FIGURE 4. Abscondita anceyi fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 4. Abscondita anceyi fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C head; D antenna, terminal three segments (A dorsal; B, D ventral; C anterior, dorsal surface uppermost).