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1,109 results for “South China Sea”
Net community production, nutrients, and hydrographic parameters in the South China Sea in summer 2017
<p>In summer, the Vietnam Offshore Current (VOC) and the Kuroshio intrusion are two important processes provoking considerable environmental fluctuations in the South China Sea (SCS). Net community production (NCP) is an important proxy of biological pump strength and can be estimated based on the dissolved oxygen to argon ratio (O<sub>2</sub>/Ar) in the mixed layer. To determine the influence of the VOC and Kuroshio intrusion on the NCP in the oligotrophic SCS, we conducted high-resolution underway measurements of O<sub>2</sub>/Ar and hydrographic parameters using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS, HPR-40, Hiden, UK) and multi-parameter water quality logger (RBR Maestro, Canada) during the cruise in the northeastern SCS in summer 2017. NCP in the mixed layer was estimated using the supersaturation of O<sub>2</sub>/Ar (Delta O<sub>2</sub>/Ar) and gas transfer velocity (k). All the underway observation data were compiled into the 5-min interval. To monitor the nutritive fluctuations induced by the VOC and Kuroshio intrusion, we also collected surface water samples from Niskin bottles at sampling stations for the nutrients analysis; the nutrients were then determined by an auto-analyzer. We divided the cruise into three phases (Phase 1, 2, and 3); Phase 1 was dominated by the Kuroshio intrusion, while Phase 3 was influenced by the VOC. Because the upwelling driven by cyclonic eddies and typhoons could introduce considerable uncertainties to the NCP result, we excluded the data obtained in the upwelling regions.</p>
Raw data of "Seasonal fluctuations of ichthyoplankton assemblage in the northeastern South China Sea influenced by the Kuroshio intrusion"
<p>The uploaded data here is the raw data of the manuscript "Seasonal fluctuations of ichthyoplankton assemblage in the northeastern South China Sea influenced by the Kuroshio intrusion" submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans. The CTD file (.cnv) is the data recorded by a Sea-Bird conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) in the sampling stations. This data is used to analyze the water masses during the study period. It can be analyzed with free software of the Ocean Data View 4 (http://odv.awi.de/) or the MATLAB R2017 (http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/). The sequence data (.fasta) is used to evaluate the species composition. The data can be analyzed with free software of the BOLD Identification tool (http://www.boldsystems.org/), the basic local-alignment search tool (BLAST) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), the Clustal X 2.1 (http://www.clustal.org/) and the MEGA 7 (http://www.megasoftware.net/). In additon, the .nc files are the data of surface temperature during the sampling periods. The data can be analyzed with the MATLAB R2017 (http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/).</p>
MERICS China Podcast: The dangerous waters of the South China Sea, with Helena Legarda
<p>German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius' trip to the Asia-Pacific region in recent days shows that the region is becoming increasingly important for Germany and Europe. The trip took place against the backdrop of growing tensions in the region, particularly in the South China Sea. Beijing’s claims in the waters are far reaching and cover nearly 90 percent of the area. This claim is mostly based on its use in history by Chinese fishermen – and not supported by international law. Other countries bordering the South China Sea, like Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam, also lay claim to parts of the same area.</p> <p>The waters of the South China Sea are vitally important for international trade and rich in natural resources – oil and gas fields are suspected to lie underground – and fishing grounds. Yet, the failure to find a mode of cooperation has precluded the extraction of resources and put in question the safety of the region for commercial shipping.</p> <p>In this episode of our MERICS China Podcast, MERICS Lead Analyst<strong> Helena Legarda</strong> and podcast host <strong>Johannes Heller-John</strong> talk about recent developments in the region. This episode was recorded on July 17, 2024.</p>
Water Body Checklists 2019: South China Sea Species List
Species checklists created using effechecka and modified polygons from IHO. The polygons were reduced in resolution.<p></p>List of species collected from the South China Sea using effechecka and a modified polygon from the International Hydrographic Association. A filter was applied (based on data from WoRMS) to remove all non-marine taxa.
Water Body Checklists: South China Sea Species List
Species checklists created using effechecka and modified polygons from IHO. The polygons were reduced in resolution.<p></p>List of species collected from the South China Sea using effechecka and a modified polygon from the International Hydrographic Association. A filter was applied (based on data from WoRMS) to remove all non-marine taxa.
Remote Sensing based Sea Surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and air-sea CO2 flux (FCO2) in the South China Sea (2003-2019)
<p>The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the largest marginal seas worldwide. It includes a river-dominated, highly productive marginal sea on the north shelf and a wide, oligotrophic ocean-dominated basin with various dynamic sub-regions. Based on an <em>in situ</em> seawater partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub>) datasets of 44 cruises/legs collected for the last two decades in the SCS, we proposed a seawater <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> retrieval algorithm by combining the semi-mechanistic and machine learning (ML) methods (MeSAA-ML). The parameter selection strategy was based on the mechanistic analysis of <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> variation, separating impacts of thermodynamics, biological activities, water mixing, and the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> forcing. We set a few semi-analytical parameters: <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub><sub>_<em>therm</em></sub>, which was a proxy for the combined effect of thermodynamics and the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> forcing on seawater <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub>; an upwelling index (UI<em><sub>SST</sub></em>) and mixing layer depth (MLD) to characterize the multiple mixing processes; chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) with remote sensing reflectance at 443 and 555 nm (Rrs(443) and Rrs(555)), which were the inputs to proxy the biological effect and other characteristics for distinguishing shelf, basin, and sub-regions. As the seawater <em>p</em>CO<sub>2 </sub>and atmospheric <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> ( <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>air</sup>) have similar data values and characteristics in the vast SCS oligotrophic basin, it will cause instability of the model if one is input and the other is output; thus the difference between them (<em>Δp</em>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>sea-air</sup>) was set as the output, and the seawater <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> was obtained finally by summing <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>air </sup>and <em>Δp</em>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>sea-air</sup>. We compared several ML models, and the XGBoost model was confirmed as the best model. Completely independent cruise-based and observed datasets from Southeastern Asia Time-series Study (SEATS) were used to validate the satellite products, with low root mean square error (RMSE = 11.69 μatm) and mean absolute percentage deviation (APD = 1.59%). The increasing trend of satellite-derived <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> (2.44 ± 0.24 μatm/yr) at the location of SEATS was found to be consistent with observed data. We presented that the SCS as a whole is a source of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, releasing an average of 11.00 ± 2.45 Tg C/yr from a total area of 3.32 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2,</sup> and the northern shelf is a sink (1.69 ± 0.53 Tg C/yr). The area-integrated CO<sub>2</sub> efflux over the entire SCS may decrease with a rate of 0.34 Tg C/yr during 2003–2019. This high-accuracy dataset with 1 km resolution provides a refined understanding of the air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange dynamics in the SCS during 2003–2019.</p>
Fig. 16. Platymaia remifera Rathbun, 1916, overall dorsal view. A in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 16. Platymaia remifera Rathbun, 1916, overall dorsal view. A. Ovigerous ♀ (29.2 × 31.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.0089), South China Sea. B. ♂ (33.0 × 36.9 mm) (ZRC 1999.0769), Taiwan. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Fig. 13 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 13. Colour in life. A. Naxioides robillardi (Miers, 1882), ♂ (39.2 × 24.5 mm) (ZRC 2016.01065), South China Sea. B. Oxypleurodon stimpsoni Miers, 1885, ♂ (with Sacculina, 14.0 × 9.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.0072), South China Sea. C. Oxypleurodon auritum (Rathbun, 1916), ♂ (16.7 × 11.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.0066), South China Sea. D. Oxypleurodon forte Lee, Corbari & Richer de Forges, 2015, ♂ (14.2 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.0078), South China Sea. E. Oxypleurodon sanctaeclausi Richer de Forges & Ng 2009, paratype, ♀ (18.7 × 16.8 mm) (ZRC 2009.0019) (after Richer de Forges & Ng 2009a). F. Stegopleurodon pteridion sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (13.1 × 7.9 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B–F = 5 mm.
Fig. 11. A–D in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 11. A–D. Rochinia strangeri Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973, ♂ (12.1 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.0546), South China Sea, drawing of left G1. A. Ventral view. B. Ventral view of distal portion. C. Dorsal view. D. Dorsal view of distal portion. E–F. Rochinia kagoshimensis (Rathbun, 1932), holotype, ♂ (11.2 × 6.8 mm) (USNM 48253), off Kagoshima gulf, drawing of left G1. E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. G–J. Rochinia kagoshimensis (Rathbun, 1932) comb. nov., ♂ (10.7 × 6.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0549), South China Sea, drawing of left G1. G. Ventral view. H. Ventral view of distal portion. I. Dorsal view. J. Dorsal view of distal portion.
Fig. 8. A. Rochinia kotakae Takeda, 2001 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 8. A. Rochinia kotakae Takeda, 2001, ovigerous ♀ (14.0 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.0079), South China Sea, lateral view of carapace. B–C. Rochinia sp., ♀ (7.6 × 5.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.0551), South China Sea. B. Overall dorsal view. C. Lateral view of carapace. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B–C = 2.5 mm.
Fig. 7 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 7. Colour in life. A. Rochinia kotakae Takeda, 2001, ovigerous ♀ (14.0 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.0079), South China Sea. B. Rochinia strangeri Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973, ♂ (12.2 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.0546), South China Sea. C. Rochinia kagoshimensis (Rathbun, 1932) comb. nov., ♂ (10.7 × 6.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0549), South China Sea. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Fig. 4 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 4. Colour in life. A. Oxypleurodon bipartitum (Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1986), ovigerous ♀ (10.9 × 9.6 mm) (NMCR) (after Richer de Forges & Ng 2009b). B. Oxypleurodon leonis sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (15.1 × 9.6 mm) (ZRC 2016.0541), South China Sea. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Fig. 2. Oxypleurodon stimpsoni Miers, 1885, overall dorsal view. A in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 2. Oxypleurodon stimpsoni Miers, 1885, overall dorsal view. A. ♂ (14.0 × 9.0 mm) (AM P34658), Indonesia. B. ♂ (14.9 × 10.2 mm) (ZRC 2011.0056), Philippines. C. ♂ (with Sacculina, 14.0 × 9.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.0072), South China Sea. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 12. Rochinia debilis Rathbun, 1932, overall dorsal view. A in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 12. Rochinia debilis Rathbun, 1932, overall dorsal view. A. Holotype, ♀ (10.8 × 7.0 mm) (USNM49572), Japan. B. ♂ (23.1 × 15.8 mm) (SMF49904), Japan. C. ♂ (28.9 × 21.0 mm) (SMF49905), Japan, carapace half cleaned. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B–C = 10 mm.
Fig. 5 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 5. Oxypleurodon leonis sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (13.5 × 9.0 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea. A. Overall dorsal view. B. Overall ventral view. C. Lateral view of carapace. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Fig. 15 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 15. Stegopleurodon pteridion sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (13.1 × 7.9 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea, drawing of left G1. A. Ventral view. B. Ventral view of distal portion. C. Dorsal view. D. Dorsal view of distal portion.
Fig. 6 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 6. Oxypleurodon leonis sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (13.5 × 9.0 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea, drawing of left G1. A. Ventral view. B. Ventral view of distal portion. C. Dorsal view. D. Dorsal view of distal portion.
Fig. 14 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 14. Stegopleurodon pteridion sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (13.1 × 7.9 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea. A. Overall dorsal view. B. Overall ventral view. C. Lateral view of carapace. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Fig. 9 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 9. Rochinia strangeri Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973. A–C. Holotype, ♂ (10.7 × 7.2 mm) (USNM149304), South China Sea. A. Overall dorsal view. B. Overall ventral view. C. Lateral view of carapace. D–F. ♂ (12.1 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.0546), South China Sea. D. Overall dorsal view. E. Overall ventral view. F. Lateral view of carapace. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Fig. 3. Oxypleurodon stimpsoni Miers, 1885 in Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Fig. 3. Oxypleurodon stimpsoni Miers, 1885, lateral view of carapace. A. ♂ (14.0 × 9.0 mm) (AM P34658), Indonesia. B. ♂ (14.9 × 10.2 mm) (ZRC 2011.0056), Philippines. C. ♂ (14.0 × 9.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.0072), South China Sea. Scale bars = 5 mm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.