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FIG. 9 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 9. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov. (A, RM-2534; B, VIT-Micoteca 9734; C, RM-2533; D, F, paratype B 70 0100020; E, holotype MA-Fungi 90701). A-D, apothecia between shoots of Cheilothela chloropus (Brid.) Broth; E, F, habitat.

FIG. 3. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 3. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-G, paratype B 70 0100013) A, B, ascospores inside asci stained with CB; C, F, ascospores inside asci in water; D, E, paraphyses in water; G, cross-section of an apothecium showing subhymenium, medullary and ectal excipulum in lactic acid. Scale bars: A-E, 10 μm; F-G, 20 μm.

FIG. 5. — Lamprospora gibbosa M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 5. — Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A, F, holotype B 70 0100017; B, C, PRC 4665; D, E, paratype B 70 0100016). A-D, apothecia between shoots of Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp.; E, F, habitat.

FIG. 6. — Lamprospora gibbosa M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 6. — Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-C, G, isotype PRC 4626; D-F, PRC 4666). A, B, ascospores inside asci stained with CB; C, F, ascospores inside asci and free ascospores in water; D, E, paraphyses in water; G, cross-section of an apothecium showing part of medullary and ectal excipulum in CB. Scale bars: A-F, 10 μm; G, 20 μm.

FIG. 1 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 1. — RAxML phylogram obtained from the combined LSU, SSU and EF1-α sequences showing the phylogenetic relationship of the three new Lamprospora De Not. species among bryophilous Pezizales. Numbers above branches represent RAxML bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probability scores, respectively. Nodes for which RAxML bootstrap support values were below 50 were collapsed. GenBank accession numbers are indicated in Table 1. New species described in this study are highlighted in color. Species with globose or subglobose ascospores (Q <1.1) and ornamentation consisting of isolated warts or tubercles are highlighted in bold.

FIG. 11 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 11. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov.(A-F. RM-2534). SEM photos of ascospores.Scale bars: A-F, 5 μm.

FIG. 8. — Infection structures. Lamprospora bulbiformis M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 8. — Infection structures. Lamprospora bulbiformis M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A, B, paratype B 70 0100013). A, appressorium on a rhizoid in surface view; B, appressorium, infection peg and haustorium on a rhizoid in optical section. Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík sp. nov. (C, D, holotype B 70 0100017). C, appressorium on a rhizoid in surface view; D, appressorium, infection peg and haustorium on a rhizoid in optical section. Scale bar: 20 μm.

FIG. 4. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 4. — Lamprospora bulbiformis M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-F. holotype B 70 0100012) SEM photos of ascospores. Scale bars: A-F, 5 μm.

FIG. 10 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 10. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov. (A, B, E, F, paratype B 70 0100020; C, VIT-Micoteca 9734; D, RM-2533). A, B, ascospores inside asci stained with CB; C, E, ascospores inside asci and paraphyses in water; D, paraphyses in CRB; F, cross-section of an apothecium showing subhymenium, medullary and part of ectal excipulum in water. Scale bars: A-D, 10 μm; E, 20 μm; F, 50 μm.

FIG. 7. — Lamprospora gibbosa M in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 7. — Lamprospora gibbosa M.Vega & Janošík, sp. nov. (A-F, holotype B 70 0100017).SEM photos of ascospores. Scale bars: A-F, 5 μm.

FIG. 13 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 13. — Similar species of bryophilous Pezizales with globose or subglobose ascospores (Q <1.1) and an ornamentation consisting of isolated warts A, B, Lamprospora ecksteinii Benkert (B 70 0100007): A, apothecia between shoots of Microbryum curvicollum (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (host) and Weissia sp.; B, ascospores stained with CB; C, D, L. lubicensis Benkert: C, apothecia between shoots of Hennediella heimii (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (personal herbarium Jan Eckstein, JE-11609); D, ascospores stained with CB (PRC 4622); E, F, L. lutziana Boud: E, apothecia on shoots of Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. (MA-Fungi 90544);F, ascospores stained with CB (NML 2208-10 KM 1); G, H, L. stellata ined. (PRC 4623): G, apothecia between shoots of Dicranella howei Renault & Cardot; H, ascospores stained with CB; I-J, Octospora svrcekii Benkert (PRC 4125): I, apothecium on shoots of Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce; J, ascospores stained with CB; K, L, O. wrightii (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) J.Moravec; K, apothecium on shoots of Amblystegium serpens (MV20160306-01); L, ascospores stained with cotton blue (PRC 4606). Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIG. 14 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 14. — Similar species of bryophilous Pezizales with globose ascospores and ornamentation consisting of isolated warts or tubercles A, B, Lamprospora verrucispora M.Vega, Eckstein & Van der Kolk: A, apothecium between shoots of Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. (MV20151107-01); B, ascospores stained with CB (isotype PRC 4608); C, D, L. tuberculatella agg. (PRC 4625): C, apothecia between shoots of cf. Trichostomum crispulum Bruch; D, ascospores stained with CB; E, F, L. esterlechnerae Benkert ex F. Hampe & Kleine (PRC 4621): E, apothecium between shoots of Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E.Britton; F, ascospores stained with CB; G, H: L. rehmii Benkert; G, apothecia between shoots of Pleuridium acuminatum Lindb. (RM-2367); H, ascospores stained with CB (S F317032); I-K, L. tuberculata agg. (ZT Myc 61081): I, apothecia between shoots of P. subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh.; J, hyphae-covered galls stained with CB, K, ascospores stained with CB; L-N, L. tuberculata agg. (PRC 4125): L, apothecia between shoots of P. subulatum; M, appressorium covered by a layer of accompanying hyphae stained with CB; N, ascospores stained with CB. Scale bars: B, D, F, H, K, N, 10 µm; J, 50 µm; M, 20 µm.

FIG. 12 in Warts galore - on three new Lamprospora De Not. species (Pezizales) from Southern Europe and Macaronesia and a type revision of three species described from the US by F. J. Seaver in the 1910s

FIG. 12. — Lamprospora thelespora Martínez-Gil, M.Vega & E.Rubio, sp. nov. infection structures, RM-2534: A, appressorium with a cover of accompanying hyphae on a rhizoid in surface view; B, infected rhizoid with removed appressorium showing the penetration point in surface view; C, D, infection structures on rhizoids in optical section; E, infection structures on a cortical cell of subterranean stem in optical section. Scale bar: 50 μm.

Text-fig. 9. Sex estimation of Moča skull (Komárno district, southern Slovakia), linear discriminant analysis using Henke's Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic database (n = 129, f = 46, m = 83), as well as according to recent Howells's database (n = 2524, f = 1156, m = 1368) with variables M1 (GOL) and M45 (ZYB). in A Late Upper Palaeolithic Skull From Moča (The Slovak Republic) In The Context Of Central Europe

Text-fig. 9. Sex estimation of Moča skull (Komárno district, southern Slovakia), linear discriminant analysis using Henke's Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic database (n = 129, f = 46, m = 83), as well as according to recent Howells's database (n = 2524, f = 1156, m = 1368) with variables M1 (GOL) and M45 (ZYB).

Text-fig. 5. Skull from Moča (Komárno district, southern Slovakia), frontal radiograph of skull showing hypoplasia of the right frontal sinus. in A Late Upper Palaeolithic Skull From Moča (The Slovak Republic) In The Context Of Central Europe

Text-fig. 5. Skull from Moča (Komárno district, southern Slovakia), frontal radiograph of skull showing hypoplasia of the right frontal sinus.

Text-fig. 1. Skull from Moča (Komárno district, southern Slovakia): a) anterior view, b) posterior view, c) left lateral view, d) inferior view, e) superior view in A Late Upper Palaeolithic Skull From Moča (The Slovak Republic) In The Context Of Central Europe

Text-fig. 1. Skull from Moča (Komárno district, southern Slovakia): a) anterior view, b) posterior view, c) left lateral view, d) inferior view, e) superior view

Text-fig. 10. Regional affinity of the Moča skull (Komárno district, southern Slovakia), linear discriminant analysis using the Henke's Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic database (Europe, n = 76) with variables M1 (GOL), M5 (BNL), M8 (XCB), M40 (BPL), W – West Europe, CE – Central-East Europe, S – South Europe. in A Late Upper Palaeolithic Skull From Moča (The Slovak Republic) In The Context Of Central Europe

Text-fig. 10. Regional affinity of the Moča skull (Komárno district, southern Slovakia), linear discriminant analysis using the Henke's Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic database (Europe, n = 76) with variables M1 (GOL), M5 (BNL), M8 (XCB), M40 (BPL), W – West Europe, CE – Central-East Europe, S – South Europe.

Text-fig. 3. Geological map and schematic geological section of the discovery site of the Late Upper Palaeolithic skull from Moča (southern Slovakia). I. – Primary position (?), II. – The discovery site (secondary position), A – B – The schematic geological section of the discovery site 1. H – Fluvial clayey to sandy loams (subordinately humolites) – Holocene; secondary discovery site layer, 2. lm-pH – Loam – peat – Holocene, 3. e Wl – Eolian sands – Late Würm (Late glacial of Würm), 4. lm,sWl – Fluvial clayey (to humic) loams or fine sands – Late Würm (Late glas cial of Würm); original discovery site layer, now eroded, 4a. fe Wl – Fluvial – aeolian silty sands (calcareous) – Late Würm (Late glacial s-lm of Würm), 5. lmW3 – Fluvial loams, sandy loams – final Würm (W3), 5a. W3 – Fluvial sands – final (?) Würm (?W3), 6. gW2+3 – Fluvial gravs els, sandy gravels, sands with gravel – Pleniglacial of Würm (W2+3), 7. lW – Aeolian loess and loess loams – Würm (undivided) in A Late Upper Palaeolithic Skull From Moča (The Slovak Republic) In The Context Of Central Europe

Text-fig. 3. Geological map and schematic geological section of the discovery site of the Late Upper Palaeolithic skull from Moča (southern Slovakia). I. – Primary position (?), II. – The discovery site (secondary position), A – B – The schematic geological section of the discovery site 1. H – Fluvial clayey to sandy loams (subordinately humolites) – Holocene; secondary discovery site layer, 2. lm-pH – Loam – peat – Holocene, 3. e Wl – Eolian sands – Late Würm (Late glacial of Würm), 4. lm,sWl – Fluvial clayey (to humic) loams or fine sands – Late Würm (Late glas cial of Würm); original discovery site layer, now eroded, 4a. fe Wl – Fluvial – aeolian silty sands (calcareous) – Late Würm (Late glacial s-lm of Würm), 5. lmW3 – Fluvial loams, sandy loams – final Würm (W3), 5a. W3 – Fluvial sands – final (?) Würm (?W3), 6. gW2+3 – Fluvial gravs els, sandy gravels, sands with gravel – Pleniglacial of Würm (W2+3), 7. lW – Aeolian loess and loess loams – Würm (undivided)

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Figure 7 in Parnassius nebrodensis: A threatened but neglected Apollo butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Figure 7. Male and female genitalia of Parnassius nebrodensis Turati, 1907 stat. rev. and P. mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. [coll. RMBH]. (A) Male genitalia of P. nebrodensis [France; slide RMBH G0328]: (A1) lateral view, (A2) ventral view, (A3) dorsal view, (A4) aedeagus, (A5) uncus, and (A6) apical process of the valva. (B) Male genitalia of P. nebrodensis [France; slide RMBH G0330]: (B1) dorsal view, (B2) aedeagus, (B3) uncus, and (B4) apical process of the valva. (C) Male genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Moldova; slide RMBH G0279]: (C1) lateral view, (C2) ventral view, (C3) dorsal view, (C4) aedeagus, (C5) uncus, and (C6) apical process of the valva. (D) Male genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Belarus; slide RMBH G0004]: (D1) dorsal view, (D2) aedeagus, (D3) uncus, and D4) apical process of the valva. (E) Female genitalia of P. nebrodensis [France; slide RMBH G0331]. (F) Female genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Moldova; slide RMBH G0280]. (G) Female genitalia of P. mnemosyne [Belarus; slide RMBH G0005]. Black arrows indicate diagnostic features of the two species (see differential diagnosis for detail). (Photos: Artem A. Frolov).