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1,500 results for “Species conservation”
Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation
<p>Big, time-scaled phylogenies are fundamental to connecting evolutionary processes to modern biodiversity patterns. Yet inferring reliable phylogenetic trees for thousands of species involves numerous trade-offs that have limited their utility to comparative biologists. To establish a robust evolutionary timescale for all ~6000 living species of mammals, we developed credible sets of trees that capture root-to-tip uncertainty in topology and divergence times. Our 'backbone-and-patch' approach to tree-building applies a newly assembled 31-gene supermatrix to two levels of Bayesian inference: (i) backbone relationships and ages among major lineages, using fossil node- or tip-dating; and (ii) species-level 'patch' phylogenies with non-overlapping in-groups that each correspond to one representative lineage in the backbone. Species unsampled for DNA are either excluded ('DNA-only' trees) or imputed within taxonomic constraints using branch lengths drawn from local birth-death models ('completed' trees). Joining time-scaled patches to backbones results in species-level trees of extant Mammalia with all branches estimated under the same modeling framework, thereby facilitating rate comparisons among lineages as disparate as marsupials and placentals. We compare our phylogenetic trees to previous estimates of mammal-wide phylogeny and divergence times, finding that (i) node ages are broadly concordant among studies, and (ii) recent (tip-level) rates of speciation are estimated more accurately in our study than in previous 'supertree' approaches where unresolved nodes led to branch length artifacts. Credible sets of mammalian phylogenetic history are now available for download at <a href="http://vertlife.org/phylosubsets">http://vertlife.org/phylosubsets</a>, enabling investigations of long-standing questions in comparative biology.</p>
Data from: Species delimitation in endangered groundwater salamanders: implications for aquifer management and biodiversity conservation
Groundwater-dependent species are among the least-known components of global biodiversity, as well as some of the most vulnerable because of rapid groundwater depletion at regional and global scales. The karstic Edwards–Trinity aquifer system of west-central Texas is one of the most species-rich groundwater systems in the world, represented by dozens of endemic groundwater-obligate species with narrow, naturally fragmented distributions. Here, we examine how geomorphological and hydrogeological processes have driven population divergence and speciation in a radiation of salamanders (Eurycea) endemic to the Edwards–Trinity system using phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of genome-wide DNA sequence data. Results revealed complex patterns of isolation and reconnection driven by surface and subsurface hydrology, resulting in both adaptive and non-adaptive population divergence and speciation. Our results uncover new cryptic species diversity and refine the borders of several threatened and endangered species. The U.S. Endangered Species Act has been used to bring state regulation to unrestricted groundwater withdrawals in the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer, where listed species are found. However, the Trinity and Edwards–Trinity (Plateau) aquifers harbor additional species with similarly small ranges that currently receive no protection from regulatory programs designed to prevent groundwater depletion. Based on regional climate models that predict increased air temperature, together with hydrologic models that project decreased springflow, we conclude that Edwards–Trinity salamanders and other co-distributed groundwater-dependent organisms are highly vulnerable to extinction within the next century.
Data from: Species delimitation in endangered groundwater salamanders: implications for aquifer management and biodiversity conservation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation
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Fig. 1 in Conserved number of U 2 snDNA sites in Piabina argentea, Piabarchus stramineus and two Bryconamericus species (Characidae, Stevardiinae)
Fig. 1. Sequential metaphases of the chromosomal locations of U2 snDNA and 5S rDNA clusters using two-color FISH in species of the genera Piabina, Piabarchus and Bryconamericus. The arrows indicate the fluorescent signals. Note that, in P. stramineus, the two repetitive DNA are located adjacently on the same pair. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Fig. 2 in Conserved number of U 2 snDNA sites in Piabina argentea, Piabarchus stramineus and two Bryconamericus species (Characidae, Stevardiinae)
Fig. 2. Scheme showing the number of U2 snDNA sites on the real pairs and ideograms in species of the genera Piabina, Piabarchus and Bryconamericus. Note the size heteromorphism of U2 snDNA clusters between homologous chromosomes in P. argentea.
Fig. 3 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status
Fig. 3. Foza manonae sp. nov. Holotype, adult ♂, CW 43.7 mm, Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar (ZSM A20145003). Entire animal. A. Dorsal view. B. Frontal view. C. Sternal view. Scale bar: 14.6 mm.
Fig. 2 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status
Fig. 2. Foza manonae sp. nov. Holotype, adult ♂, CW 43.7 mm, Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar (ZSM A20145003). A. Left and right G1 and G2 shown in situ in ventral view. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Sternum and abdomen, ventral view. E. Left mandibular palp, superior view. F. Left mandibular palp, frontal view. Scale bar: 14 mm (A–B, E), 23.2 mm (C–D).
Fig. 4 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status
Fig. 4. Distribution map of northern Madagascar showing the seven localities (black circles) where freshwater crabs were collected in the present study: Foza manonae sp. nov. (white circles), F. ambohitra (triangle), and Madagapotamon humberti (squares).
Fig. 1 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status
Fig. 1. Foza manonae sp. nov. Holotype, adult ♂, CW 43.7 mm, Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar (ZSM A20145003). A. Carapace, frontal view. B. Carapace, dorsal view. C. Third maxilliped, ventral view. D. Carpus and merus of cheliped, dorsal view. E. Carpus and merus of cheliped, ventral view. F. Right cheliped, frontal view. G. Left cheliped, frontal view.
FIGURE 30 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 30. Bayesian tree (TPM 2 uf + G) for Aegla species based on partial fragment of 16 S. Node numbers represent posterior probabilities (values <50 % are not shown), and divergence time in millions of years (my); * indicates the calibration points to molecular clock. The clade C proposed by Pérez-Losada et al. (2004) is highlighted in grey. The basin and sub-basin origin of the discussed species in this study are shown after the specific names.
FIGURE 24. A – L in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 24. A – L, proximal portion of fifth pereiopod showing coxa and sexual tube of long and narrow type. A – B, Aegla paulensis Schmitt, 1942 s. str., male topotype (MZUSP 34368). C – D, Aegla rosanae Campos Jr., 1998, male topotype (MZUSP 34369). E – F, Aegla vanini n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34372). G – H, Aegla japi n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34375). I – J, Aegla jaragua n. sp. male paratype (MZUSP 34378). K-L, Aegla jundiai n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 13490). Bars: A – D, F – H, J = 200 µm; K, L = 100 µm; E, I = 500 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 8. Types of Aegla Leach, 1820 male sexual tubes. A, long and narrow (A. lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al., 2015, MZUSP 34403). B, short and wide (A. leptochela Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, MZUSP 34491).
FIGURE 1 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species of Aegla in four main hydrographic basins of southern Brazil: Rio Grande, Rio Tietê (Upper Paraná system), Rio Paraíba do Sul and Ribeira de Iguape. Indications L 1 through L 7 refer to the locations mentioned under “ sampling area ” in the Material & Methods section.
Species occurrence records of special area of conservation Montesinho/Nogueira.
<p>The dataset contains biodiversity data for significant taxonomic groups (flora - vascular plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) in special area of conservation Montesinho/Nogueira (Portugal). It covers the period from 2000 to 2022 and has a high spatial resolution (e.g., georeferenced and aggregated (1 km) records. Additionally, the dataset offers details on the conservation status of each species at both regional (Portugal) and European levels, as well as the sources of the records and their corresponding spatial resolution. The dataset was developed in response to the absence of standardized species occurrence records in the region and to facilitate modeling (e.g., development of ecological niche models).</p>
FIG. 20 in Unveiling a hidden diversity: descriptions of nine new species of Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 (Isopoda, Armadillidae) discovered in Brazilian caves and their importance for conservation
FIG. 20. — Ctenorillo potiguar Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: A, limestone outcrops at the Furna Feia National Park, with the entrance of the Furna Feia cave (yellow star); B, detail of the Furna Feia cave entrance; C, inner portion of the Furna Nova cave, where specimens are found; D, habitus in natural condition.
FIG. 24 in Unveiling a hidden diversity: descriptions of nine new species of Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 (Isopoda, Armadillidae) discovered in Brazilian caves and their importance for conservation
FIG. 24. — Ctenorillo jequitinhonha Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp. paratype (male, 7 mm, ISLA96806): A, habitus, lateral view; B, disposition of dorsal tubercles; C, cephalon and epimeron 1, frontal view; D, epimera 1-3 ventral view; E, pleonites 3-5, uropods and telson, dorsal view; F, antennula; G, antenna; H, right mandible; I, left mandible; J, maxillula; K, maxilla; L, maxilliped. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
FIG. 26 in Unveiling a hidden diversity: descriptions of nine new species of Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 (Isopoda, Armadillidae) discovered in Brazilian caves and their importance for conservation
FIG. 26. — Ctenorillo jequitinhonha Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: A, detail of the Toca do Juparanã cave entrance; B, inner portion of the Toca do Juparanã cave; C, D, Ctenorillo jequitinhonha Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp. habitus in natural habitat; E, landscape at the surroundings of the Toca do Juparanã cave, where the Jequitinhonha river can be seen.
FIG. 28 in Unveiling a hidden diversity: descriptions of nine new species of Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 (Isopoda, Armadillidae) discovered in Brazilian caves and their importance for conservation
FIG. 28. — SEM images of Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 new species: A-D, Ctenorillo pelado Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: cephalon, dorsal view (A); epimera 1-3, lateral view (B); pleopod 3 exopod (C); epimera 1 and 2, ventral view (D); E, Ctenorillo araguaia Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.:, cephalon and epimera 1-3, lateral view; F, G, Ctenorillo intertidalis Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: cephalon, frontal view (F); epimera 1-3, lateral view (G); H, Ctenorillo ubajarensis Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: cephalon and epimera 1-3, lateral view; I, Ctenorillo potiguar Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: cephalon and epimera 1 and 2, lateral view; J, K, Ctenorillo jequitinhonha Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: cephalon, frontal view (J); cephalon and epimera 1 and 2, lateral view (K). Scale bars: A, B, D-K, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm.
FIG. 23 in Unveiling a hidden diversity: descriptions of nine new species of Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 (Isopoda, Armadillidae) discovered in Brazilian caves and their importance for conservation
FIG. 23. — Ctenorillo iuiuensis Cardoso & Ferreira, n. sp.: A, limestone outcrops at the surroundings of the Lapa do Matias cave (cave entrance indicated by the yellow star); B, detail of the Lapa do Matias cave entrance; C, inner portion of the Lapa do Matias cave, where specimens are found.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.