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13 results for “Speleothem”
Age-depth model ensembles for SISAL v3 speleothem records
<p>Depth-age model ensembles created for the SISAL database v3 (version for publication), in supplement to <strong><a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2023-364/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kaushal et al., 2024</a></strong> and building on <a href="https://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/essd-2020-39/">Comas-Bru, Rehfeld, Roesch et al., 2020</a>.</p> <p>This upload includes ensemble data for 5 methods (interpolation, linear regression, copRa, Bchron and Bacon) created following the protocol in previous versions but for newly included entities in the database.</p> <p>Each file contains a matrix with the first column giving the row number, the second the SISAL v3 sample ID, the third the depth in the speleothem (in mm), and the fourth to 2003rd column contains the 2000 age model ensemble members.</p>
Detection of abrupt changes in East Asian monsoon from Chinese loess and speleothem records
<p>There is a great interest concerning recent occurrences of tipping points in the climate system and great concern about those that could occur in the near future as a result of anthropogenic forcing. A lot of attention has been devoted to the study of past Dansgaard-Oeschger events, abrupt warmings of about 12°C on a time-scale of about 50 yrs that occurred during the last glacial period. Great effort is also dedicated to understanding the Atlantic Meridionnal overturning circulation and the Amazon forest dieback, which are already entering an unstable regime leading to tipping behavior.</p> <p>Instead, here we focus on the study of critical transitions in the SE Asian Monsoon that have occurred in the past 3.6 Myrs by a novel combination of advanced statistical tools (KS-test, recurrence quantification analysis). The SE Asian Monsoon is characterized by variations in the grain size with the occurrence of coarse material characterizing a strong winter monsoon mechanism with grains transported from the Chinese northern deserts by strong winds generated by the Siberian High located northward. By contrast intervals of fine grain size characterized periods during which the summer monsoon was rather reinforced. We have analyzed high-resolution grain-size datasets derived from Chinese loess sequences, i.e. the CHILOMOS and the LGS640 datasets, that we compare with the Chinese composite speleothem d<sup>18</sup>O records that arguably provide one the best representation of the Earth’s climate in the last 650 kyrs. Although visually observed rapid grain-size variations were previously interpreted as representing millennial-scale variations, our statistical analysis shows that both winter and summer monsoons co-varied at glacial-interglacial to millennial timescales. Analyzing a third dataset, i.e., MQSG, our statistical analysis shows that both winter and summer monsoon variations reflect a three-stage evolution of increasing intensity: (1) from 3.6 Ma to 2.6 Ma, (2) from 2.6 Ma to 1.2 Ma, and (3) from 1.2 Ma to present, with the winter monsoon strength increasing over these3 main steps.</p> <p>List of tables</p> <p><strong><span>Table 1</span></strong><span> KS test of the NGRIP and Hulu cave </span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O for the last climate cycle. Comparison of the dates of abrupt warmings/moistening (left) and cooling/drying transitions (right). Labels for NGRIP according to Rasmussen et al. </span><span><span>(2014)</span></span><span> and for Hulu cave according to Wang et al. </span><span><span>(2008)</span></span><span>. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 2</span></strong><span> KS test of the Chinese speleothem </span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O and of the CHILOMOS grain-size composite for the last two climate cycles. Comparison of the dates of abrupt moistening (left) and drying transitions (right). Labels for the moistening transitions in the Chinese speleothem are from Wang et al. </span><span><span>(2008)</span></span><span> and in CHILOMOS from Yang and Ding </span><span><span>(2014)</span></span><span>. The labels of the drying in CHILOMOS are from the present study</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 3</span></strong><span> RQA of the Chinese speleothem </span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O and of the CHILOMOS grain-size composite for the last two climate cycles. Dates of the minima are identified by the RR prominence, shown together with the equivalent transitions detected by the KS method. For easier reading, the dates have been re-ordered from younger to older. The most significant minima are highlighted in yellow. The original ranking is given in Suppl. Tab 1.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 4 </span></strong><span>KS test of the Chinese speleothem<span> </span></span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O and of the LGS640 dataset for the last 640 Myrs. Comparison of the dates of abrupt moistening and drying transitions in both records. The dates found in both records are highlighted in red and in blue for drying or moistening events respectively.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 5 </span></strong><span>RQA of the LGS640 grain-size composite for the last seven climate cycles. Dates of the minima are identified by the RR prominence. The most significant minima (RR prominence >0.5) are highlighted in yellow. </span></p> <p><span><span> </span><strong>Table 6 </strong>KS test and<strong> </strong>RQA of MGSQ grain dataset for the last 3.6 Myrs. In this analysis the moistening and drying transitions is labeled as warming and cooling. On the left, KS results with the corresponding marine isotope stage (MIS) boundaries. On the right, RQA results with minima ordered according their prominence value. Dates with RR>0.6 are highlighted in yellow. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Table Supp.1.</span></strong><span> Abrupt transitions over the past 130 kyrs BP from the NGRIP, Chinese Speleothem and CHILOMOS records. Identification of the common abrupt warmings or moistenings on the left, and abrupt coolings or dryings on the right.<span> </span>Differences between the highest and lowest transition dates. Indication of the NGRIP and Chinese interstadials and stadials (GI-GS and A-SA respectively).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table Supp.2.</span></strong><span> RQA of the 250 kyrs Chinese speleothem and CHILOMOS records ranked according the RR prominence, the chronology. Indication of the time difference between the identified transitions.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table Supp.3.</span></strong><span> Comparison of the KS-test results from the LGS 640 and the Chinese speleothem over the past 650 kyrs. Indication of the Marine isotope stratigraphy and the number of cool and warm transitions and the percentage of drying events per climate cycle</span></p>
Uranium series data of phreatic overgrowth on speleothems and stalactites from Genovesa and Drac caves.
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Holocene climate change in southern Oman deciphered by speleothem records and climate model simulations
<p>8 ka BP (thousand year, before present, 8K) and pre-industrial period (PI) paleoclimate equilibrium experiment, including precipitation (pr), near-surface relative humidity (hurs), evaporation (evspsbl) and 850hPa wind (u850 & v850).</p>
Data used in the paper entitled: Damaged Speleothems and Collapsed Karst Chambers Indicate Paleoseismicity of the NE Bohemian Massif (Niedźwiedzia Cave, Poland), published in TECTONICS
<p>Multiphase speleothem damage and passage collapse in Niedźwiedzia Cave (E: 16°50′36,65″, N: 50°14′04,26″) NE Bohemian Massif, Poland, were studied with an integrative approach to decipher the cause of damage during the last 320 ka. Since the most likely trigger of damage in the cave was an earthquake, we support our interpretation with a probable seismic intensity prediction to define a seismogenic source and to calculate the expected macroseismic intensity and peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the research site. Finally, we evaluate probable seismic effects in the cave with the elastic properties of speleothems to ascertain a threshold value of failure.<br> The relative range of earthquake hazards for a particular site depends significantly on the decrease in the ground motion amplitude (or intensity) with distance from all surrounding potential seismic sources, event size, and type of acting mechanism. The ground motion relation generally depends on the depth of focus, earthquake mechanism, and geological conditions along the path (Schenková et al., 1981). Therefore, to discuss probable seismic effects in Niedźwiedzia caves and their vicinities, we used the attenuation curves presented previously for the research area (Schenková et al., 1981; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00878971;">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00878971;</a> see the coefficient for the 13th zone). Dataset 2020TC006459_ds_to fig.5 contains a calculation of the attenuation curves, i.e., decrees of the intensity (on the MSK scale) and PGA (m/s2) with distance from the epicenter. We used these data to estimate (or to predict) the expected values of intensities ranging with distance from the seismogenic source region. This approach is a steady-state approximation because we assumed that isoseismal spread is regularly distributed around the epicenter and that the local influence of discontinuities is omitted.<br> The failure criteria resulting in speleothem damage were evaluated on a prismatic cantilever beam supported at one end. The parameters describing these criteria are the speleothem natural frequency and the corresponding critical horizontal ground acceleration (m/s2), which depend on elastic properties of the speleothem and the following geometric dimensions: height, H, and diameter, D, measured in situ (we acquired geometric measurements for 50 broken speleothems in Niedźwiedzia Cave). The horizontal ground acceleration is the limit value when at which speleothems breaks. The natural frequency (Hz) indicates that the failure process is more likely to occur if the natural frequency (or resonance frequency) is in accordance with the seismic wave frequency affecting the speleothem. If both frequencies match, the speleothem resonates, enhancing the oscillation effect, which may lead to damage. Dataset 2020TC006459_ds_to fig.6 contains H and D measurements of 50 broke speleothems and calculated natural frequency and critical horizontal ground acceleration for each measured speleothem. The values of both failure parameters depend on elastic properties that can be assessed in laboratory tests in which the following parameters are estimated: P- and S-wave velocities, Vp and Vs, respectively, using an acoustic measurement system, density, ρ, (from the measured mass and volume), Young’s modulus, E, and tensile stress, σt. The AMS tests were carried out at the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland. The failure stress was estimated based on the uniaxial compressive stress test carried out in the external laboratory of AP GEOTECHNIKA, Katowice, Poland, using a universal testing machine. The strength tests were conducted for two 0.05x0.05 m (height/dimension, h/d = 1) speleothems samples.</p>
Coupled Ocean-atmospheric forcing on Indian Summer Monsoon variability during the middle Holocene: Insights from the Core Monsoon Zone speleothem record.
<p>Stable oxygen and carbon isotope data of stalagmite sample during middle Holocene time from Mahadev cave of Jagdalpur region in Central India.</p>
A high-resolution speleothem record of Marine Isotope Stage 11 as a natural analog to Holocene Asian summer monsoon variations
<p>A full-spectrum characterization of past interglacial climate is a necessary prerequisite for the detection and attribution of climate changes during the current interglacial. Here we present a speleothem record of Asian summer monsoon (ASM) during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 interglacial (MIS 11c), from Yongxing cave, China. The record’s unprecedented chronologic constraints and decadal-scale temporal resolution allow a precise and direct comparison of ASM between the MIS 11c and the Holocene. Our data suggest that orbital–centennial patterns of ASM were remarkably similar during both interglacial, including their pacing and structure. Notably, a multi-millennial stronger monsoon late in MIS 11c, the ‘Late-MIS 11c shift’, is similar to the Late Holocene strengthening of the ASM, the ‘2-kyr shift’. Thus the multi-centennial ASM weakening at the end of the ‘Late-MIS 11c shift’ could imply that the current century-long ASM waning trend may persist into the future, if only natural forcings are considered.</p>
Data for: Speleothem stable isotopes from 670 - 240 ka ago at Cape Limeworks Cave 1, Robertson, South Africa
<p class="MsoNormal">We present stable oxygen and carbon isotope data (<span>δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C ) </span>and U-Th chronology data from five speleothems from Cape Limeworks Cave 1 near Robertson, Western Cape, South Africa (33.73S°, 19.77E°). The data set covers the time interval between 240 and 670 ka BP with hiatuses at 630-500 ka and 360-310 ka. Stable isotope ratios range between -6.5 and -3.7 ‰ for <span>δ<sup>18</sup>O and -11.0 and -8.5 ‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C. Analyses of the dispersion of the δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C data sets suggest that the highly diverse western part of the Cape Floristic </span>Region experienced climatic stability across several glacial-interglacial cycles when compared to less diverse Mediterranean Climate Regions and the eastern parts of the Cape Floristic Region. This result provides support for the hypothesis that lower extinction rates associated with Pleistocene biome stability may explain the higher diversity in the CFR relative to other MCEs.</p>
Data for: Speleothem stable isotopes from 670 - 240 ka ago at Cape Limeworks Cave 1, Robertson, South Africa
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Data and code: Local hydroclimate alters interpretation of speleothem 𝛿18O records
<p>This repository contains PCP-corrected d18O records for stalagmite HH-1, rainfall isotope data from Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park, and code to conduct PCP correction analyses presented and used in E.W. Patterson et al., "Local hydroclimate alters interpretation of speleothem 𝛿18O records". The data can be used to replicate figures and analyses presented in the main text. The O'neil correction was primarily used for analyses in the publication.</p>
Code für die Bearbeitung der Verfügbaren Speleothem and Permafrost-Model Data für die Masterarbeit: "Speläotheme als globale Permafrostproxies"
<p>Der benutzte Code für die Bearbeitung und Darstellung der Speläothem-Datensätze und die Permafrost-Modelle. Die Datengrundlage der Speläothem-Daten und der Permafrost Modelle AWI-ESM und S21 werden für die Bearbeitung benötigt. Authoren, bzw. Ansprechpartner für die jeweilgen Daten sind im Literaturverzeichnis der Arbeit zu finden.</p>
Supplementary material A new insight of the MIS 3 Dansgaard-Oeschger climate oscillations in western Europe from the study of a Belgium isotopically equilibrated speleothem
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Water tagging experiments for the interpretation of Asian speleothem d18O
<p>These simulation results are from the water-tagging experiments in the paper "Deciphering Oxygen Isotope Records From Chinese Speleothems With an Isotope‐Enabled Climate Model" published on Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (<a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019PA003741">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019PA003741</a>). Readme.txt provides detailed descriptions of variables in all NetCDF files, and tagging_region_names.pdf shows the abbreviations of all tagging region names. </p>
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