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Fig. 16 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 16. Astiella tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open longistylous flower. D. Open brevistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A–C, E–F from De Block, Rakotonasolo & Randriamboavonjy 1319 (BR); D from Humbert & Capuron 24975 (BR).

Fig. 15 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 15. Astiella pulla Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Open longistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation; all ovules removed from the right locule to show the placenta. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A, E – F from Perrier de la Bâthie 17633 (P); B–D from Groeninckx, De Block & Rakotonasolo 271 (BR).

Fig. 11 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 11. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of pollen in polar view (PV), the apocolpium (AC), pollen in equatorial view (EV) and the mesocolpium (ME). A. Astiella homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. Scale bars for A: PV = 2 µm, AC, ME = 1 µm, EV = 5 µm; for B and C: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC, ME = 1 µm; for D: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC = 2 µm, ME = 1 µm.

Fig. 10 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 10. Astiella homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open longistylous flower. D. Open brevistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A from Perrier de la Bâthie 17438 (P); B–E from Humbert & Saboureau 31739 (BR); F from Cheek & Dominic 1325 (K).

Fig. 7 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 7. Astiella deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open longistylous flower. D. Open brevistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from De Block, Rakotonasolo & Randriamboavonjy 1303 (BR).

Fig. 12 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 12. Astiella latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Longistylous flower. C. Open longistylous flower. D. Open brevistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation; some ovules removed from the right locule to show the shape of the placenta. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A, D – F from De Block et al. 2255 (BR); B – C from Baron 5214 (P).

Fig. 8. Astiella delicatula Jovet. A. Habit. B. Isostylous flower. C. Open isostylous flower. D in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 8. Astiella delicatula Jovet. A. Habit. B. Isostylous flower. C. Open isostylous flower. D. Ovary dissected to show placentation. E. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from De Block et al. 2173 (BR).

Fig. 13 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 13. Astiella longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Open flower. D. Ovary dissected to show placentation. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from Humbert & Capuron 25168 (P).

Fig. 5 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of seeds and a detail of their surface. A–B. Astiella antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. C– D. A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. E – F. A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. G – I. A. delicatula Jovet. J – K. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. L – M. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. N–O. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. P–R. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. Scale bars for A, C, E, J, L, N = 100 µm; B, I = 50 µm; D = 10 µm; F, K, M, O, R = 20 µm; G, H, P, Q = 200 µm.

Fig. 1 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 1. Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Ovary dissected to show placentation. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from Perrier de la Bâthie 3749 (P).

Fig. 9 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 9. Astiella desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Longistylous flower. C. Open longistylous flower. D. Open brevistylous flower. E. Capsule. F. Capsule dissected to show placentation. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from De Block et al. 2247 (BR).

Fig. 3 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 3. Astiella antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Longistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Open longistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A–E from Morat 4805 (P); F from Villiers, Klackenberg & Badre 4788 (P).

Fig. 4 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of pollen in polar view (PV), the apocolpium (AC), pollen in equatorial view (EV) and the mesocolpium (ME). A. Astiella antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. delicatula Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. Scale bars for A and C: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC = 1 µm, ME = 2 µm; for B and D: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC, ME = 1 µm.

Fig. 14 in Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar

Fig. 14. Astiella perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Open longistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation; all ovules removed from the right locule to show the placenta. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A– C, E from De Block, Tosh & Rakotonasolo 1927 (BR); D from Perrier de la Bâthie 3958 (P); F from Perrier de la Bâthie 14472 (P).

Fig. 7 in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

Fig. 7. Distribution map of Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov. and P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov. in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

Fig. 5. Pollen morphology (SEM). A–D. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 4415 (CTES). A. Polar view. B. Equatorial view. C. Detail of apocolpium. D. Detail of the colpus and spinules. E–H. P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 5887 (CTES). E. Polar view. F. Equatorial view. G. Detail of the inner side of a pollen fragment showing the endocingulum (en). H. Detail of the colpus and spinules. Scale bars: A–B, E–G = 2 µm; C–D, H = 1 µm.

Fig. 4. Fruit and seed micromorphology. A–H. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

Fig. 4. Fruit and seed micromorphology. A–H. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 4415 (CTES). A–E. Capsule. A. Dehiscent capsule, lateral view. B. Valve, dorsal view. C. Valve, ventral view. D. Cross section capsule. E. Septum. F–H. Seed. F. Dorsal view. G. Ventral view, with diffuse strophiole. H. Detail of the testa. I–P. P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 5887 (CTES). I–M. Capsule. I. Dehiscent capsule, lateral view. J. Valve, dorsal view. K. Valve, ventral view. L. Cross section of the valve, seed, and septum. M. Septum. N–P. Seed. N. Dorsal view. O. Ventral view. P. Detail of the testa. Abbreviations: s = seed; se = septum; v = valve. Scale bars: A–G, I–O = 200 µm; H, P = 20 µm.

Fig. 3. Flower micromorphology. A–I. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

Fig. 3. Flower micromorphology. A–I. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 4415 (CTES). A. Flower bud. B. Papillate external surface of the corolla. C. Hypanthium, calyx, style, and stigma. D. Detail of style and stigma. E. Opened corolla. F. Papillate internal surface of the corolla lobes. G. Moniliform trichomes at internal surface of the corolla. H. Nectariferous disk, top view. I. Detail of striate nectariferous disk cells and functional stomata. J–R. P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 5887 (CTES). J. Flower bud. K. Papillate external surface of the corolla. L. Hypanthium, calyx, style, and stigma. M. Detail of style and stigma. N. Opened corolla. O. Papillate internal surface of the corolla lobes and moniliform trichomes. P. Inner wall of a dehiscent anther, showing the prescence of orbicules. Q. Nectariferous disk, top view. R. Detail of striate nectariferous disk cells. Scale bars: A, C, E, J, L, N 200 µm; B, G, K, R = 20 µm; D, F, M = 50 µm; H, O, Q = 100 µm; I = 10 µm; P = 2 µm.

Fig. 2. Psyllocarpus vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

Fig. 2. Psyllocarpus vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 5887 (CTES). A. Habit. B. Inflorescences at the apex of flowering branches. C. Detail of an inflorescence. D. Stipular sheath. E. Preanthetic flower bud. F. Flower. G. Hypanthium, calyx, style, and stigma. H. Opened corolla. I–M. Fruit. I. Dehiscent capsule, lateral view. J. Septum. K. Valve, seed, and septum, cross section. L. Valve, dorsal view. M. Valve, ventral view. N–O. Seed. N. Dorsal view. O. Ventral view. Illustration: L. Simón.

Fig. 6. A–F. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

Fig. 6. A–F. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov. A. Habitat, "campo rupestre" in Itacambira, Minas Gerais. B. Habit. C. Branch portion, showing the leaves. D. Inflorescences at the apex of flowering branches. E. Detail of the flowers. F. Capsules. G–M. P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov. G. Habitat, "campo rupestre" in Serra do Cabral, Minas Gerais. H. Habit. I. Branch portion, showing the leaves. J. Inflorescences at the apex of flowering branches. K. Detail of preanthetic flower buds. L. Detail of an opened flower. M. Dehiscent capsule. Photos: A, C, G–J = R.M. Salas; B, D–F = J.A.M. Carmo; K–L = P.L. Viana; M = S.V. Sobrado.