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20 results for “Spillover effect”
Data for: Spillover effects of organic agriculture on pesticide use on nearby fields
<p><span>The environmental impacts of organic agriculture are only partially understood and </span><span>whether such practices have spillover effects </span><span>on pests or pest control activity </span><span>on nearby fields remains unknown</span><span>. Using </span><span>roughly 13,000 field observations per year from 2013-2019 in Kern County, CA , </span><span>we estimate that organic crop producers benefit from surrounding organic fields, decreasing overall pesticide use and pesticides targeting insect pests. </span><span><span>Conventional fields, in contrast, tend to increase pesticide use as the area of surrounding organic production increases.</span></span></p>
Data for: Spillover effects of organic agriculture on pesticide use on nearby fields
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Seasonality modulates habitat cover effects on avian cross-boundary responses and spillover
Species cross-boundary response is a key mechanism affecting species spillover into agricultural fields. However, temporal changes in edge permeability, which may depend on the seasonal availability of resources in both matrix and native habitats, remain poorly understood. Here we tested how edge crossing behavior and the associated spillover of birds into sun coffee plantations respond to landscape structure and seasonality. We monitored the movement of six insectivorous understory bird species (four forest-specialists and two forest-generalists) using an automated telemetry system along a gradient of forest cover (7-60%) during two seasons (dry vs. wet) at nine sampling sites at the Brazilian Atlantic forest. We monitored 116 individuals and obtained a total of 15,129 bird detections across seasons. Bird resistance to crossing edges was strongly driven by an interaction between seasonality and forest cover in the surrounding landscape, with higher resistance to crossing edges along the dry season and in landscapes with lower amount of forest cover. Furthermore, spillover patterns in plantations were driven by an interaction between forest cover and distance from forest edges, but this was most pronounced for forest-specialist bird species. Forest-specialists moved more intensively and farther from edges in more forested landscapes, whereas forest-generalists showed similar patterns of occupation regardless of forest cover and isolation. Our study contributes to a better understanding of avian cross-boundary responses and spillover in response to landscape structure across seasons and the factors driving bird movement decisions in anthropogenic landscapes. There are a myriad of possible mechanisms governing movement decisions, and these mechanisms may interact in complex ways and remain important foci for research within fields of tropical ecology and evolution in the tropics.
R code and dataset to "Monetizing Spillover Effects in the Creative Industries: the Impact of Live Music Performances on Youtube Searches"
<p>Content:</p> <ol> <li>The script<strong> main_script.R</strong> includes code to run a regression discontinuity (RD) design and validation and falsification of estimated results</li> <li>The folder <strong>data</strong> contains two files: <ol> <li>bands_2016_2019.csv: a dataset of performers with additional information for each one.</li> <li>festivals_2016_2019.csv: a dataset of video search activity (as retrieved from Google Trends) for performers in file bands_2016_2019.csv</li> </ol> </li> <li>The folder <strong>source</strong> contains two additional R scripts: <ol> <li>data_preparation.R: generates the long dataset used to estimate RD effects</li> <li>status_simulation.R: randomly assigns treattment status to performers and estimates RD effects. Note this may take a long time to run. Parallel code is used: the number of cores has been set to 4. </li> </ol> </li> <li>The folder simulation_results contains simulated data after running the script status_simulation.R.</li> </ol>
Data for: Hedgerows have contrasting effects on pollinators and natural enemies and limited spillover effects on apple production
<p>Agricultural intensification has resulted in a decline in insect biodiversity and threatens the provision of valuable ecosystem services. Agri-environment schemes (AESs) have been implemented in an effort to conserve biodiversity on farmland and increase agricultural sustainability, but their effectiveness can vary widely. To better determine which factors influence AES effectiveness, the relative roles of local habitat features, habitat quality, and landscape context need to be further explored. The aim of this study was to determine the most important factors influencing field margin AES effectiveness in commercial apple orchards, in terms of arthropod biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision. We surveyed wild bees and aphid natural enemies in field margins and apple trees in 20 orchards, ten bordered by hedgerow field margins (an AES) and ten with herbaceous field margins (no hedgerows present, not an AES). We considered field margin floral resources and the cover of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape as indicators of local habitat quality and landscape context, respectively. We furthermore quantified pollination and pest control as measures of ecosystem service delivery and the relationship between arthropod communities and apple yield (initial and final fruit set) and quality. We found that hedgerow presence strongly predicted both pollinator and natural enemy communities and that these relationships were more pronounced than those with local habitat quality and landscape context. Hedgerows were negatively related to wild bee richness and abundance within the orchard, and positively related to natural enemy richness and abundance at the field margin but not within the orchard. We found no relationships between local and landscape factors and ecosystem service delivery, and no relationship between wild bee communities and apple yield, suggesting that apple is not pollen limited in our study system. There was, however, a negative relationship between natural enemy richness and initial fruit set. We conclude that annually cut hedgerows can benefit the conservation of natural enemies, but have limited arthropod-mediated private benefits for apple production, and likely need to be supplemented with additional local habitat resources for the conservation of wild bees. Our findings indicate that local habitat factors can strongly influence biodiversity regardless of landscape context, but that AESs likely need to be designed with separate biodiversity and ecosystem service targets, and specific taxonomic groups, in mind.</p>
Does ant-plant mutualism have spillover effects on the non-partner ant community?
<p>Mutualism benefits partner species and theory predicts these partnerships can affect the abundance, diversity, and composition of partner and non-partner species.<br> We used 16 years of monitoring data to determine the ant partner species of tree cholla cacti (<em>Cylindriopuntia imbricata</em>), which reward ants with extrafloral nectar in exchange for anti-herbivore defense. This long-term data revealed one dominant ant partner (<em>Liometopum apiculatum</em>) and two less common partners (<em>Crematogaster opuntiae</em> and <em>Forelius pruinosus</em>. We then used short-term characterization of the terrestrial ant community via pitfall trapping to sample partner and non-partner ant species across ten plots of varying cactus density. We found that the dominant ant partner tended a higher proportion cacti in plots of higher cactus density, and was also found at higher occurrence within the pitfall traps in higher density plots, suggesting strong positive feedbacks that promote ant partner occurrence where plant partners are available. Despite the strong association and increased partner occurrence, ant community-wide effects from this mutualism appear limited. Of the common ant species, the occurrence of a single non-partner ant species was negatively associated with cactus density and with the increased presence of <em>L. apiculatum</em>. Additionally, the composition and diversity of the ant community in our plots were insensitive to cactus density variation, indicating that positive effects of the mutualism on the dominant ant partner did not have cascading impacts on the ant community. This study provides novel evidence that exclusive mutualisms, even those with strong positive feedbacks, may be limited in the scope of their community-level effects.</p>
Spillover effects from invasive Acacia alter the plant-pollinator networks and seed production of native plants
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Does ant-plant mutualism have spillover effects on the non-partner ant community?
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Seasonality modulates habitat cover effects on avian cross-boundary responses and spillover
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Data for: Hedgerows have contrasting effects on pollinators and natural enemies and limited spillover effects on apple production
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Data from: Wildflower strip establishment supports beneficial ground-dwelling arthropods and pest control but has limited effects on weed seed control and spillover to adjacent fields
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Replication package for: "The Short- and Long-Run Impacts of Free Education on Schooling: Direct Effects and Intra-household Spillovers"
<p>The replication package contains the following folders: (1) The "do" folder, which contains all ".do" and ".R" files used to reproduce all figures and tables in the paper and the appendix; (2) The "outputs" folder, which stores all figures and tables; and (3) The "add-ons" folder, which includes all necessary Stata or R add-on packages. Additionally, the replication package contains a README PDF file to illustrate the result replication procedure.</p>
Data for: Connectedness and spillover effect between cryptocurrency and financial assets
<p><span>Cryptocurrencies have quickly become one type of important financial asset. Accordingly, it is important to understand the interaction between cryptocurrency and other financial asset markets. However, previous literature paid less attention to the correlation between the price trend of cryptocurrencies and other financial assets. Using the vector autoregression model, we analyzed price correlation and spillover effect between cryptocurrencies and financial assets between November 2017 and February 2022. The study concludes that stock price has a spillover effect on cryptocurrencies, government bonds, and precious metals. The research results are useful while allocating portfolios or hedge strategies that include cryptocurrencies and financial assets such as stocks, government bonds, and precious metals.</span></p>
Effectiveness, Implementation and Spillover Effects of a Culturally Adapted DPP in Spanish Primary Care Centers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06871059. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Spillover Effects of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions on Child Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02396407. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Data for: Connectedness and spillover effect between cryptocurrency and financial assets
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Dataset of spillover effects of protected areas on the QTP
<p>Aim: Although protected areas (PAs) are assumed to reduce threats to nature within boundaries, their spillover effects remain equivocal. It is necessary to not only determine whether PAs truly achieve conservation targets but also whether they promote or inhibit natural habitat degradation in adjacent areas by blockage or leakage spillover. This study aims to choose 54 nature reserves (NRs) focusing on forest protection as a case study to assess PA conservation effectiveness and spillover prevalence.</p> <p>Location: PAs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP)</p> <p>Methods: We used matching methods to compare deforestation rates inside PAs and their 20 km buffer zones with matched control areas based on the Global Forest Change data from 2001 to 2019. We contrasted the effects of NRs with different management levels, ages and areas. We designed 5 concentric buffer zones to assess spillover change with distance and estimated potential drivers of the spillover effect to explain its directions and magnitudes.</p> <p>Results: 75.9% of the NRs were effective in preventing deforestation within their boundaries. NRs with different properties showed similar performance on forest conservation. Positive spillover value decreased with distance from NR boundary to further landscape, but the trend of spillover change varied around individual NR. Blockages slightly outnumbered leakages at different distances while leakages happened more frequently when we treated buffer zones as a whole spillover area. The linear model indicated NR age and population density of buffer zones were the most relevant predictors to spillover value.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Most PAs performed well in forest conservation. Leakages could undermine or offset PA conservation efforts and were related to multiple natural or socioeconomic factors. We recommend considering the plurality of PAs as well as spillover effect and incorporating a social-ecological framework in further PA establishment and management.</p>
Connectedness and spillover effect between cryptocurrency and financial assets
Cryptocurrencies have quickly become one type of important financial asset. Accordingly, it is important to understand the interaction between cryptocurrency and other financial asset markets. However, previous literature paid less attention to the correlation between the price trend of cryptocurrencies and other financial assets. Using the vector autoregression model, we analyzed price correlation and spillover effect between cryptocurrencies and financial assets between November 2017 and February 2022. The study concludes that stock price has a spillover effect on cryptocurrencies, government bonds, and precious metals. The research results are useful while allocating portfolios or hedge strategies that include cryptocurrencies and financial assets such as stocks, government bonds, and precious metals.
Dataset of spillover effects of protected areas on the QTP
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Connectedness and spillover effect between cryptocurrency and financial assets
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OpenNeuro
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