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Review of Polydora species from Brazil, with identification key and description of two new species (Annelida: Spionidae)
<p>Supplementary Material for the article published by the <strong><em>Ocean and Coastal Research</em> Journal</strong></p> <p>Complete information on the material examined during this study and records by other authors is given in Supplementary Tables S1−11. A list of the museums and other collections (and their acronyms) holding the samples which are reported in this study is given in Table ESM12.</p>
Figure 11 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 11. (a) Ventral shields of Bispira porifera (stained with methylene blue) and Branchiomma bairdi highlighted red. (b) Opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides heteroceros, H. longispinosus and H. sanctaecrucis; red arrows indicate verticil; outlined arrows indicate verticil spines. All scales in mm.
Figure 8 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 8. (a) Radiolar crowns in (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Spirobranchus kraussii and Euchone variabilis. (b) Radioles of Bispira serrata and Bispira manicata; arrows indicate radiolar eyes. (c) Arrow indicates radiolar flange on Bispira serrata. (d) Radiolar crown of Bispira manicata, consisting of 2 radiolar lobes (arrows). (e) Radiole filaments of Sabellastarte australiensis and Bispira porifera. (f) Single radius highlighted red in Hydroides brachyacanthus and Serpula jukesii. (g) SEM image of rasp-shaped posterior abdominal uncini in Serpula columbiana. (h) Recurved spines in posterior notopodia of Boccardiella bihamata (on left, stained with methyl green) and Polydora uncinata (on right). (i) SEM image of saw-shaped thoracic uncini on Serpula columbiana. All scales in mm.
Figure 9 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 9. (a) Single segments of Branchiomma bairdi (left 2 images) and Polydora haswelli (stained with methyl green) highlighted red. (b) Arrows indicate spinules on opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides elegans, H. heteroceros and H. tambalagamensis. (c) Spirobranchus- type collar chaetae from Spirobranchus tetraceros (stained with methyl green). (d) Radioles of Branchiomma galei and Branchiomma bairdi; arrows indicate stylodes (palmate in B. galei and simple in B. bairdi). (e) Arrow indicates thoracic membrane of Spirobranchus cariniferus, stained with methylene blue. (f) Thorax regions (highlighted red) of (left to right, respectively) Bispira manicata, Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue) and Branchiomma bairdi. (g) Arrow indicates tonguelet of Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), partially covered by collar. All scales in mm.
Figure 10 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 10. (a) Tori of Branchiomma bairdi and Sabella spallanzanii highlighted red. (b) Triangular depression in Spirobranchus tetraceros (stained with methylene blue) highlighted red. (c) SEM image of true trumpet-shaped chaetae of Spirobranchus giganteus. (d) Tubes of (left to right, respectively) Spirobranchus taeniatus, Bispira serrata and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata: calcareous in Serpulidae (S. taeniatus) and muddy in Sabellidae (B. serrata) and Spionidae (P. paucibranchiata). (e) Uncini of (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), and close-up in Bispira manicata (stained with methyl green). (f) Arrow indicates ventral lip in live specimen of Branchiomma arctica (photo: © Alexander Semenov). (g) Collar region of Bispira serrata and Sabella spallanzanii; arrows indicate ventral sacs. All scales in mm.
Figure 7 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 7. (a) Operculum of Spirobranchus minutus (above) and Spirobranchus kraussii (below); arrows indicate opercular endplate. (b) Paleate collar chaetae of Laonome triangularis. (c) Arrows indicate palps of Polydora haswelli (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (live specimen). (d) Parapodia highlighted red in (left to right, respectively) Sabellastarte australiensis, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (e) Arrows indicate peduncle of Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue) and Spirobranchus cariniferus. (f) Tubes of Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Ficopomatus uschakovi; arrows indicate peristomes. (g) Collar region/base of radiolar crown in Myxicola infundibulum stained with methylene blue; peristomium highlighted red. (h) Radioles of Bispira serrata and Bispira porifera; arrows indicate individual pinnules. (i) Anterior end of Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue); arrow indicates pseudoperculum. (j) Arrows indicate pygidium of Bispira serrata and Boccardia polybranchia (stained with methyl green). All scales in mm.
Figure 5 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 5. (a) Arrows indicate hood on collar chaetae of Laonome triangularis (left 2 images), Laonome calida and thoracic chaetae of Crucigera websteri (SEM image). (b) Arrow indicates hood in neuropodial hooks of Polydora uncinata. (c) Hooks in posterior neuropodia of Polydora uncinata. (d) Radioles proximally connected by inter-radiolar membranes (arrows) in Sabella spallanzanii and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (e) Inter-ramal eyes (arrows) located between notopodia and neuropodia of Branchiomma galei and Branchiomma bairdi. (f) Calcareous tubes of Spirobranchus cariniferus (left) and Spirobranchus kraussii (right); arrows indicate keels on tube. (g) Falcate spines in notopodia of chaetiger 5 of Polydora uncinata; arrow indicates lateral flange. (h) Lobate condition in collars of (left to right, respectively) Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), Sabella spallanzanii and pygidium of Polydora ciliata (stained with methyl green). Lobes highlighted red. All scales in mm.
Figure 6 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 6. (a) Thoracic uncini of Desdemona aniara (above, SEM image) and Laonome triangularis (below); arrows indicate main fangs. (b) A pair of dorsal horns (indicated by arrow) on chaetiger 2 of a male of Pygospio elegans. (c) Narrowly hooded thoracic chaetae of Sabellastarte australiensis. (d) Thoracic neuropodia highlighted red on (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Bispira manicata, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (stained with methyl green); arrows indicate neurochaetae. (e) Thoracic notopodia highlighted red on (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Bispira manicata, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (stained with methyl green); arrows indicate notochaetae. (f) SEM image of dorsal anterior end of Polydora cornuta. Red arrows indicate a pair of nuchal organs; outlined arrow indicates occipital antenna. (g) Arrows indicate opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue), Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Spirobranchus tetraceros. All scales in mm.
Figure 4 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 4. (a) Dorsal/ventral sides illustrated on examples of (left to right, respectively) Serpulidae (Spirobranchus tetraceros), Sabellidae (Bispira manicata) and Spionidae (Polydora haswelli, stained with methyl green). (b) Arrows indicating paired dorsal radiolar appendages, fused to dorsal lips, in (left to right, respectively) Sabella spallanzanii, Bispira porifera and Bispira manicata. (c) Falcate spines in notochaetae on chaetiger 5 of Polydora uncinata. (d) Anterior regions of Branchiomma bairdi (dorsal view) and Laonome calida (ventral view, stained with methylene blue); arrows indicate faecal grooves. (e) Faecal groove inversion in Branchiomma bairdi: faecal groove runs ventrally in abdomen and dorsally in thorax. (f) SEM image of flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae in Serpula columbiana. (g) Arrows indicate opercula funnels in Hydroides malleolaspinus and Hydroides tuberculatus. (h) Arrow indicates glandular girdle on chaetiger 2 of Euchone variabilis, stained with methylene blue. (i) Arrows indicate handles of acicular thoracic uncini in Euchone limnicola (left) and avicular thoracic uncini in Bispira manicata (right, stained with methyl green). All scales in mm.
Figure 3 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 3. (a) Cirriform pygidium of Pygospio elegans, stained with methyl green; arrow points to a cirrus. (b) Companion chaetae (arrows) as parallel row anterior to thoracic uncini in Sabella spallanzanii (left) and Bispira manicata (right, stained with methylene blue). (c) Arrows point to collar flaps in Laonome calida (left) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (right), both stained with methylene blue. (d) Collar/thoracic regions of Laonome triangularis (left, stained with methylene blue) and Ficopomatus enigmaticus (right); arrows point to collar chaetae. (e) Collar segments indicated by different arrows in (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma galei, Laonome triangularis (stained with methylene blue) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (f) Constrictions, indicated by arrows, occurring below funnels in opercula of Hydroides malleolaspinus and Hydroides minax. (g) Constriction, indicated by arrow, in upper shaft of neuropodial hooks of Polydora uncinata. (h) Opercula of Spirobranchus polytrema, S. cariniferus and S. tetraceros (left to right, respectively); arrows indicate distal wings. All scales in mm.
Figure 1 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 1. (a) Bispira manicata with abdomen region highlighted red. (b) Posterior notopodia of Boccardiella bihamata stained with methyl green; arrow points to acicular spine. (c) Acicular thoracic uncini of Euchone limnicola. (d) Ventral anal depression in Euchone variabilis (left, stained with methylene blue) with lateral flanges, and in Euchone limnicola, without flanges. (e) Collar region/base of radiolar crown in Myxicola infundibulum stained with methylene blue; anterior peristomial ring highlighted red. (f) Lateral view of Spirobranchus tetraceros (left) and ventral view of Spirobranchus kraussii (right), both stained with methylene blue; arrows point to apron. (g) Z-shaped avicular thoracic uncini of Laonome triangularis (above) and Bispira manicata (below, stained with methyl green). (h) Bayonet collar chaetae in Serpula jukesi, stained with methyl green. (i) Bayonet thoracic chaetae in Jasmineira sp. (j) Arrows point to branchiae in Boccardia chilensis (left and right specimens stained with methylene blue and methyl green, respectively). All scales in mm.
Figure 2 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae
Figure 2. (a) Thoracic uncini of Bispira manicata, stained with methyl green; arrow points to breast of uncinus. (b) Broadly hooded thoracic chaetae of Euchone limnicola and collar chaetae of Laonome calida. (c) Capillary chaetae from collar of Spirobranchus taeniatus (on left, stained with methyl green) and chaetiger 1 of Boccardia proboscidea (on right). (d) Dorsal view of anterior ends of Polydora haswelli (on left, stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (on right); arrows point to caruncle. (e) Arrows point to thoracic chaetae of (left to right, respectively) Bispira porifera, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (f) Arrows demonstrate chaetal inversion in Branchiomma bairdi (left) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (right). (g) Lateral views of thoracic regions of Bispira porifera (left) and Polydora haswelli (right, stained with methyl green); each bracket indicates 1 chaetiger. All scales in mm.
Fig. 2 in High diversity and pan-oceanic distribution of deep-sea polychaetes: Prionospio and Aurospio (Annelida: Spionidae) in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of Prionospio and Aurospio species obtained in the study based on mitochondrial 16S gene fragments. Individual specimens can be found in Supplement 2. Posterior probabilities shown next to the nodes (values below 0.8 are not shown). Bootstrap values are
Figure 2. Alien spionid polychaetes from Sukhum Bay, Black Sea. A in First occurrence of the invasive alien species Streblospio gynobranchiata (Rice & Levin, 1998) and Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Polychaeta: Spionidae) on the coast of Abkhazia (Sukhum Bay, Black Sea)
Figure 2. Alien spionid polychaetes from Sukhum Bay, Black Sea. A – general view of Streblospio gynobranchiata (female, length 6.35 mm), B,C – Polydora cornuta morphology (fifth chaetiger): major spines with tooth (at) and companion chaetae (bc). Scale bars: 10 μm.
Fig. 1 in A new species of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Chinese seas
Fig. 1. Sampling sites of SScolelepis (S.) angulata, new species. 1, off the city of Yancheng, Yellow Sea, China; 2, off the city of Beihai, South China Sea. Is. = Island.
Fig. 3 in A new species of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Chinese seas
Fig. 3. Scolelepis (S.) angulata, new species, Paratype, ECSFRI 100196: A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, anterior end, lateral view; ECSFRI 100169: D, parapodia of setiger 1, anterior view; E, parapodia of setiger 2, anterior view; F, parapodia of setiger 3, anterior view; G, parapodia of setiger 4, anterior view; H, parapodia of setiger 49, anterior view; I, notopodial seta from anterior row of setiger 4; J, notopodial seta from posterior row of setiger 4; K, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 48, lateral view; L, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 48, anterior lateral view; M, pygidium, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B = 600 μm; C, M = 120 μm; D–H = 250 μm; I, J: 60 μm; K, L = 100 μm.
Fig. 4 in A new species of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Chinese seas
Fig. 4. Scolelepis (S.) angulata, new species. A, anterior end, dorsal view (Paratype, ECSFRI 100126), arrow indicates short lateral angles; B, overall view of palp, ventral-lateral view, arrow indicates sheath of palp (Paratype, ECSFRI 102026); C, basal part of palp, ventral-lateral view (Paratype, ECSFRI 102026); D, branchiae in middle region of body, dorsal view, arrow indicates sheath of palp (Paratype, ECSFRI 100126); E, parapodia of setigers 45–47, lateral view (Paratype, ECSFRI 100126); F, hooded hooks of setiger 55, lateral view (Paratype, ECSFRI 100126). Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, =150μm; C = 15 μm; D = 800 μm; E = 400 μm; F = 15 μm.
Figure 14 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)
Figure 14. Paraprionospio patiens sp. nov., holotype. A, anterior end, in dorso-lateral view; B, palp; C, 1st lamella from the base of right branchia on setiger 1 in cross-section, seen from top; D, 3rd lamella of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; E, lamella in middle region of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; F, distal end of the same branchia, seen from the side; G, setigers 20–23; H, posterior end, in ventral view.
Figure 13 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)
Figure 13. Paraprionospio oceanensis sp. nov., holotype. A, anterior end, in dorso-lateral view; B, 57th parapodium, in anterior view; C, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 57; D, notopodial hooded hook from setiger 57; E, setigers 21–23, in dorso-lateral view; F, posterior end, in ventro-lateral view.
Figure 10 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)
Figure 10. Paraprionospio inaequibranchia, syntype (ZMA, v.pol. 1688). Anterior end, in dorso-lateral view. Notopodial lamella on setiger 9 and neuropodial lamellae on setigers 3–8 are broken.
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