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19 results for “Spiranthinae”
Data from: Phylogenetic systematics of subtribe Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae: Cranichideae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences of a nearly complete generic sample
Subtribe Spiranthinae is the most species-rich lineage of terrestrial Neotropical orchids, encompassing > 500 species and 40 genera. We conducted maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data of plastid matK-trnK and trnL-trnF and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences for 36 genera and 182 species of Spiranthinae plus appropriate outgroups. The results strongly support monophyly of Spiranthinae (minus Discyphus, Discyphinae and Galeottiella, Galeottiellinae) and five major lineages, namely monospecific Cotylolabium (sister to the remaining Spiranthinae) and the Eurystyles, Pelexia, Spiranthes and Stenorrhynchos clades. Eighteen of the 27 genera of Spiranthinae for which more than one species was included in our analyses are monophyletic. Paraphyly of large genera, such as Cyclopogon and Sarcoglottis, resulted from segregation of particular species or groups of species exhibiting minor modifications of structures directly involved in pollination (e.g. nectary, rostellum and viscidium). Conversely, polyphyly has resulted from convergent evolution of floral attributes in distantly related species (e.g. Mesadenus). Some of the morphological characters used traditionally for generic delimitation and in non-molecular cladistic analyses of Spiranthinae are discussed against the evolutionary framework set by our molecular trees, emphasizing putative synapomorphies and problems derived from inappropriate character coding or incorrect homology assessments. Our ancestral area analysis indicates that Spiranthinae originated in eastern South America, with subsequent migrations and secondary radiations in Mesoamerica and North America, plus a derived migration from the latter region to the Old World (Spiranthes).
Data from: Polyphyly of Mesadenus (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae) and a new genus from the Espinhaço Range, Southeastern Brazil
Mesadenus displays an odd disjunction, with most species found in the southeastern USA, the Caribbean, and Mexico south to El Salvador, and two outliers occurring in southeastern Brazil. A recent molecular phylogenetic study showed that, as currently delimited, Mesadenus is polyphyletic, and further study of this little-known genus is required. Here we assessed relationships in Mesadenus and to other genera conducting a cladistic parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences of nuclear (ITS) and plastid DNA (matK-trnK, trnL-trnF) for an enlarged sample of taxa, including five out of six currently accepted species of Mesadenus and representatives of nearly all (36 out of 41) genera of Spiranthinae, plus suitable outgroups. Detailed comparison of vegetative and floral attributes of relevant taxa was also conducted. Our results confirm polyphyly of Mesadenus and support creation of a new genus, Espinhassoa, to include Brazilian 'Mesadenus' glaziovii and 'M.' rhombiglossus (as Espinhassoa glaziovii and E. rhombiglossa, respectively). An identification key, descriptions, and illustrations of the two species herein included in Espinhassoa are provided.
FIGURE 1. Sarcoglottis matogrossensis Engels & E.C. Smidt.—A in A new Sarcoglottis (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from the southern Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 1. Sarcoglottis matogrossensis Engels & E.C. Smidt.—A. Habit of flowery, leafless individuals. B. Detail of the hairiness of the roots. C-D. Leaves. E. Detail of the venation of the leaves. F. Dorsal sepal. G. Petal. H. Lateral sepal. I. Lip. J–K. Column. J. Side view. K. Ventral view. L. Pollinarium. Drawn by M.E. Engels based on the type.
FIGURE 1 in A New Species And First Record Of The Genus Pteroglossa (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) From Peru
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships among selected Spiranthinae from parsimony analysis of plastid matK-trnK DNA sequences. A. One of the 40 shortest trees, randomly selected. B. Strict consensus of the 40 shortest trees; numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages.
FIGURE 2. Pteroglossa acalcarata Damian & Salazar. A. Inflorescence. B in A New Species And First Record Of The Genus Pteroglossa (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) From Peru
FIGURE 2. Pteroglossa acalcarata Damian & Salazar. A. Inflorescence. B. Flower in lateral and frontal view. C. Ventral view of gynostemium and pollinia. Scale bars, 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B); 2 mm (C). Representative species of Pteroglossa. D. Pteroglossa macrantha (Argentina, Flachsland s.n.). E. Pteroglossa roseoalba (El Salvador, Salazar 6023). F. Pteroglossa glazioviana (Argentina, Radins s.n.). Photographers: Alexander Damian (A–C), Eduardo Flachsland (D), Rolando Jiménez-Machorro (E) and José Antonio Radins (F). Abbreviations: co, column; ds, dorsal sepal; fb, floral bract; l, labellum; ls, lateral sepals; ov, ovary; p, petals; po, pollinium; st, stigma; vi, viscidium.
FIGURE 3. Pteroglossa acalcarata Damian & Salazar. A. Habit. B. Flower C. Dissected perianth. D in A New Species And First Record Of The Genus Pteroglossa (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) From Peru
FIGURE 3. Pteroglossa acalcarata Damian & Salazar. A. Habit. B. Flower C. Dissected perianth. D. Column and anther, lateral view. E. Column, ventral and dorsal view. F. Anther and pollinarium. Drawn by Alexander Damián from the type (A. Damián & U. Huaycho 0200).
FIGURE 2. Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum Zambrano. A in A new species of Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from southwestern Ecuador: Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum
FIGURE 2. Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum Zambrano. A. Habit, inflorescence and dried leaf. B. Floral bract and flower in lateral view. C. Segment of inflorescence. D. Floral dissection. E. Ovary, column and lip, lateral view. F. Detail of the column, ventral surface. G. Detail of the rostellum, lateral, dorsal and ventral surface. H. Details of the calli, base and dorsal surface of the lip. I. Anther and pollinarium. J. Capsule with persistent perianth. Plate by B.J. Zambrano based on Zambrano 272, 510 and 1786.
FIGURE 1. Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum Zambrano. A. Habit. B. Flower, lateral view. C. Floral dissection. D in A new species of Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from southwestern Ecuador: Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum
FIGURE 1. Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum Zambrano. A. Habit. B. Flower, lateral view. C. Floral dissection. D. Ovary and column, lateral view. E. Column, ventral and lateral view. F. Pollinarium from below and above. Drawn by B.J. Zambrano from the holotype.
FIGURE 1. Helonoma peruviana. A–H in DNA links Andean tepui endemic Helonoma peruviana to Hapalorchis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae)
FIGURE 1. Helonoma peruviana. A–H, Ecuador: Baquero & Jiménez 022 A. Leaves and peduncle of the inflorescence. B. Raceme from front. C. Raceme from side. D. Flower from side. E. Flower from front. F. Pollinarium from above. G. Labellum from side. H. Column and anther from below. I–J, Peru: Vázquez et al. 37400. I. Pressed plant. J. Close-up of the inflorescence. K–L, Colombia: Ramírez et al. 15.520. K. Pressed plants. L. Close-up of the inflorescence of the right-hand plant.
FIGURE 3 in DNA links Andean tepui endemic Helonoma peruviana to Hapalorchis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae)
FIGURE 3. Hapalorchis pumila (Schweinfurth) Garay (1978: 246). Peru: Salazar & Edquén 10256. A. Flowering plant. B. close up of rhizomes and roots. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, side view. E. Disection of the floral segments. F. Column from below.
FIGURE 3 in Eltroplectris paranaënsis: a new species of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from the nebular Atlantic Rain Forest
FIGURE 3. Eltroplectris paranaënsis—A. Habit. B–D. Inflorescence. B. Frontal view. C. Diagonal view. D. Lateral view. E. Flower in dorsal view. F. Pollinarium. Photos by Engels from M.E. Engels et al. 9669.
FIGURE 2 in Eltroplectris paranaënsis: a new species of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from the nebular Atlantic Rain Forest
FIGURE 2. Eltroplectris paranaënsis—A. Habit. B. Detail of the pilosity of peduncle apex and rachis of the inflorescence. C. Flower in lateral view. D. Flower in diagonal view. E. Perianth flattened, clockwise, dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal. F. Lip flattened. G. Column in lateral view. H. Column in ventral view. I. Detail of the pilosity of column foot. J. Pollinarium. Drawing by Engels from M.E. Engels et al. 9669.
FIGURE 1 in Eltroplectris paranaënsis: a new species of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from the nebular Atlantic Rain Forest
FIGURE 1. Maximum-likelihood tree of the Stenorrhynchos clade emphasizing the Eltroplectris species based on the nrITS data. The numbers below branches represent ML and MP bootstrap percentages ≥ 50, respectively. In detail, the ML tree with branch lengths.
Data from: Phylogenetic systematics of subtribe Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae: Cranichideae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences of a nearly complete generic sample
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Data from: Polyphyly of Mesadenus (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae) and a new genus from the Espinhaço Range, Southeastern Brazil
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FIGURE 3 in A new species of Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from southwestern Ecuador: Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum
FIGURE 3. Localities for Cyclopogon soniae-juaniorum in southwestern Ecuador. Map by B.J. Zambrano.
FIGURE 4 in DNA links Andean tepui endemic Helonoma peruviana to Hapalorchis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae)
FIGURE 4. Known distribution of Helonoma peruviana.
FIGURE 2. Sarcoglottis matogrossensis Engels & E.C.Smidt.—A in A new Sarcoglottis (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from the southern Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 2. Sarcoglottis matogrossensis Engels & E.C.Smidt.—A. Habit of three leafless flowering individuals. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower in frontal view. D. Flower in oblique view. E. Flower in lateral view. F. Habit of leafy individuals, before flowering. G. Leaf adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Photos by M.E. Engels based on the type.
FIGURE 2 in DNA links Andean tepui endemic Helonoma peruviana to Hapalorchis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae)
FIGURE 2. Majority-rule consensus from the Bayesian analysis of combined matK-trnK, trnL-trnF, and ITS DNA sequences. Numbers below branches are posterior probabilities. Main clades of Spiranthinae are numbered 1–5.
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