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Fig. 7 in New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen

Fig. 7. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Paratype PMO 218.001c. A. Nearly complete specimen (outlined) preserving five arms and the ventral side of the disc, on a concretion slab with an accumulation of specimens. B. Detail view of arm section. C. Paratype PMO 218.048. Articulated ventral disc preserving good details of the oral plates, the second oral tentacle pores and the rows of papillae bordering the genital slit. D–E. Paratype PMO 218.010b. D. Articulated specimen preserving the basal portion of five arms and showing details of the dorsal disc. E. Detail view of arm section. Abbreviations: aos = adoral shield; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; sart = spine articulation; tp = tentacle pore; vap = ventral arm plate; 2otp = second oral tentacle pore.

Fig. 4 in New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen

Fig. 4. Ophiogaleus sp. PMO 217.899a. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of the disc area, two nearly complete arms and proximal area of a third arm. B. Detail view of the disc area. C. Drawing detail of the area shown in B. D. Detail view of a proximal section of arm. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; ds = disc spine; lopa = lateral oral papillae; op = oral plate; sart = spine articulation; v = vertebra.

Fig. 6 in New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen

Fig. 6. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., holotype PMO 217.930. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms. B. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D. C. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb. D. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore.

Fig. 2 in New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen

Fig. 2. Polarasterias janusensis Rousseau & Gale gen. et sp. nov. A–C. Holotype PMO 218.011a. A. Nearly complete specimen preserved in a cut-through fashion. B. Drawing detail from ambulacral groove showing ambulacrals, adambulacrals, adambulacral spines and scattered valves of forcipulate pedicellariae. C. Portion of arm illustrated in B, basal pieces of straight pedicellariae visible in cross section. D. Paratype PMO 217.982, oral region in actinal view. E. Paratype PMO 217.936, Arm tip showing terminal ossicle. F–G. Paratype PMO 218.069. F. Obliquely compressed radius showing adambulacrals, marginals, and columns of abactinal ossicles. G. Drawing detail from F. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb sp = adambulacral spine; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; im = inferomarginal; ped bp = basal piece of pedicellariae; sm = superomarginal; sp = spine.

Fig. 5 in New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen

Fig. 5. Ophiogaleus sp. A–E. PMO 218.060, specimen preserving the ventral side of the disc area and the base of all five arms. The specimen has been split through a horizontal plane and is visible as part (A) and counterpart (B). Photographs in A and B by H.A. Nakrem. C. Drawing detail of the oral and interradial area. D. Detail view of proximal arm segments with articulated spines. E. Detail view of distal arm segment. F. PMO 218.053a, partly disarticulated arm portion composed of three median segments showing details of the ventral side of the arms. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; as = arm spine; cs = arm in cross section; dp = dental plate; ds = disc spine; lap = lateral arm plate; op = oral plate; rs = radial shield; vap = ventral arm plate.

Fig. 1. A in New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen

Fig. 1. A. Simplified geological map of the study area in Sassenfjorden, central Spitsbergen, with location of the Janusfjellet (1), Konusdalen (2) and Knorringfjellet (3) collection sites. Redrawn and adapted from Dallmann et al. (2001) by H.A. Nakrem, used with permission. B. Chrono- and lithostratigraphic correlation for the Late Jurassic-Earliest Cretaceous interval of central Spistbergen. The Slottsmøya Member is indicated by a star. Modified with permission from Dalseg et al. (2016). C. Janusfjellet locality, 78°20′35.4″ N, 15°49′85.2″ E, surface outcrop. D. Konusdalen locality, 78°19′97.1″ N, 15°52′15.5″ E, in situ layer. E. Knorringfjellet locality, N 78° 18' 04.4" E 16° 16' 02.0", surface outcrop.

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FIG. 2 in A revised heterostracan-based ichthyostratigraphy of the Wood Bay Formation (Lower Devonian, Spitsbergen), and correlation with Russian Arctic archipelagos

FIG. 2. — Stratigraphical section of the Andrée Land Block of northern Spitsbergen, after Harland (1997) and Blomeier et al. (2003a). Ages after Blieck et al. (2000, 2002) and McCann (2000). Note that: 1) it is common to subdivide the lowermost part of the Red Bay Group into Wulffberget, Rabotdalen (locally present) and Princesse Alicefjellet formations instead of only the Rivieratoppen Formation, according to Murashov & Mokin (1976, 1979) – this subdivision being applicable throughout the Devonian of northern Spitsbergen (Blomeier et al. 2003a, b); and 2) the Grey Hoek and Wijde Bay formations are considered as lateral equivalents and Eifelian in age by Schweitzer (1999); however, Schweitzer's idea that the Grey Hoek and Wijde Bay formations are of equal age is certainly not true along Wijdefjorden, where one lies on top of the other with a depositional boundary; upper parts of the Grey Hoek Formation in the Woodfjorden area may be coeval with the Wijde Bay Formation farther east (Blomeier et al. 2003a, b; W. Dallmann, pers. comm. 2007).

Fig. 24 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 24. Teleost fish remains from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Zachariassendalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. NRM-PZ P16479a–e, teeth (A1, A2), vertebra (A3–A5).

Fig. 25 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 25. Geological ranges of the invertebrate genera identified with certainty in this study. Vertical lines determine three groups of taxa according to their geological ranges.

Fig. 22 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 22. Munidid crustacean Valamunida haeggi Klompmaker and Robins gen. et sp. nov. from the Paleocene Basilika Formation, Zachariassendalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A. Paratype, NRM-PZ Ar68011, carapace in dorsal view (A1), left lateral view (note bases of lateral spines) (A2), frontal view with cross-section of base central rostral spine (A3). B. Paratype, NRM-PZ Ar68010, carapace in right lateral (B1) and dorsal (B2) views, oblique frontal view (note base of spine on right orbital angle) (B3), view of cross-sectioned cuticle in groove branching off cervical groove on left side (image width ~0.7 mm) (B4). C. Paratype, NRM-PZ Ar68001b, carapace in dorsal view. D. NRM-PZ Ar68002, two epigastric spines in oblique frontal view (D1), dorsal view of gastric region (D2).

Fig. 20 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 20. Munidid crustacean Protomunida spitzbergica (Gripp, 1927) from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, locality 500 m west from Trigonometric point 25, Hollendarbukta, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Neotype, GPIBo 85, dorsal view of carapace (A1), detailed view of incomplete rostrum (A2), right lateral A3), frontal (A4), and left lateral (A5) views.

Fig. 18 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 18. Hiatellid bivalve Cyrtodaria aff. rutupiensis (Morris, 1852) from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Zachariassendalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. NRM-PZ Mo 183943a–b, partial shell of a butterflied specimen with left (LV) and partial right valve (RV) preserved, showing external ornament of commarginal growth lines, and ridges on the inner shell surfaces supporting the posterior of anterior adductor muscle scar.

Fig. 23 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 23. Non-carapace remains of the Munididae from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, locality 500 m west from Trigonometric point 25, Hollendarbukta, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, likely attributable to Valamunida haeggi Klompmaker and Robins gen. et sp. nov. A. GPIBo 93, venter. B. GPIBo 92, venter. C. GPIBo 102, merus. D. GPIBo 105, propodus of cheliped. E. GPIBo 101, merus. F. GPIBo 104, propodus. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride, re-figured after Vonderbank (1970: pls. 6, 7).

Fig. 17 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 17. Xylophagain bivalve Xylophagella littlei Hryniewicz sp. nov. from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Fossildalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A. Holotype, ZPAL V.48/5, partial shell, left valve (A1), right valve with fragment of posterior adductor muscle scar (PAMS) (A2), dorsal view of both valves (A3), oblique ventral view showing partially overlapping shells (A4). B. Paratype, ZPAL V.48/6, partial shell, left valve, with trace of a ridge on the inner mold (B1), right valve (B2), dorsal view of both valves (B3), oblique posterior view showing internal surface of left valve internal mold with trace of a ridge on inner surface of shell (B4). C. Paratype, ZPAL V.48/7, partial shell, left valve (C1), right valve with fragment of posterior adductor muscle scar (PAMS) (C2), oblique anterior view (C3), enlarged fragment of prora with imprints of pallial muscles perpendicular to the shell edge, rasp composed of raised ridges covered with perpendicular lamellae (C4), enlarged fragment of prora, showing ornament of raised ridges covered with perpendicular lamellae (C5). D. Paratype, ZPAL V.48/8, internal mold, right valve showing trace of a ridge on the inner shell surface.

Fig. 16 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 16. Schematic illustration of a xylophagain bivalve Xylophagella littlei Hryniewicz sp. nov., from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, showing the main morphological features discussed. Outer (A1) and inner (A2) views of right valve. Area above dashed line represents the morphological features we were unable to illustrate due to poor preservation.

Fig. 10 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 10. Mytilid bivalve Inoperna plenicostata (Anderson, 1970) from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Zachariassendalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A. NRM-PZ Mo 183949, shell, dorsal view of both valves (A1), right valve (A2), enlarged dorsal view of both valves, showing ornamentation of the early growth stages (A3), oblique anterodorsal view (A4). B. NRM-PZ Mo 183947, partial shell, left valve (B1), ventral view of both valves (B2). C. NRM-PZ Mo 183948, partial shell, left valve (C1), ventral view of partially preserved valves (C2), oblique anterior view of left valve, showing anterior adductor muscle scar (C3).

Fig. 14 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 14. Arcticid bivalve?Arctica sp. from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Fossildalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. NRM-PZ Mo 149143, shell, left (A1) and right (A2) valves, dorsal (A3) and anterodorsal (A4) views, oblique dorsal view of left valve showing very fine commarginal ornament (A5).

Fig. 4 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 4. Aporrhaid and scaphandrid gastropods from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, locality 500 m west from Trigonometric point 25, Hollendarbukta (A, B, D) and Fossildalen (C), Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A, B. Aporrhais cf. gracilis Koenen, 1885, GPIBo 117 (A) and GPIBo 116 (B) in lateral (A1, B1) and apical (A2, B2) views. C.?Aporrhais cf. gracilis Koenen, 1885, identified by Hägg (1925) as Nassa sp., NRM-PZ Mo 149182 in apical (C1), lateral C2) and latero-apertural (C3) views. D. Ellipsoscapha sp. GPIBo 115 in apertural (D1), lateral (D2), apical (D3), and abapical (D4) views.

Fig. 15 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 15. Tellinid bivalve?Tellina sp. from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Fossildalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. NRM-PZ Mo 149165, partial shell, left valve view (A1), dorsal view showing partially preserved opisthodethic external ligament (A2).

Fig. 7 in A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Fig. 7. Non-chemosymbiotic protobranch bivalves from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Fossildalen (A–E, G, I–K) and Zachariassendalen (F, H), Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A.?Nucula sp., ZPAL V.48/10, internal mold of right valve. B.?Malletia sp., ZPAL V.48/11, right valve. C, D. Neilonella sp. C. ZPAL V.48/12, left valve sculptured by fine commarginal ribs. D. ZPAL V.48/13, partial shell, right valve (D1), dorsal view of both valves (D2). E–K. Yoldiella spitsbergensis Amano sp. nov. E. Holotype, ZPAL V.48/17, internal mold, right valve (E1), hinge part (E2). F. Paratype, NRM-PZ Mo 186241, silicified shell, hinge part (F1), outer surface (F2). G. Paratype, ZPAL V.48/18, internal mold, right valve (G1), hinge part (G2). H. Paratype, NRM-PZ Mo 186242, silicified shell, right valve. I. ZPAL V.48/19, internal mold, left valve. J. ZPAL V.48/20, partial shell, left valve. K. ZPAL V.48/21, partial shell, partly preserved outer surface, left valve.