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5 results for “Spodoptera littoralis”
Enhancement of Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity by feeding Spodoptera littoralis larvae with bacteria expressing immune suppressive dsRNA
<p><strong>Figure 1C</strong></p> <p>Calibration curves used for qRT-PCR absolute quantification of <em>Sl 102</em> and <em>GFP</em> dsRNA present in <em>E. coli</em> suspensions used in the bioassays</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Figure 2</strong></p> <p>Transcript levels of <em>Sl 102</em> gene in <em>S. littoralis</em> 4th instar larvae orally treated for 3 days with dsRNA. The <em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> gene was down-regulated upon ingestion of <em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA administered by oral gavage, both in the case of dsRNA synthesized in vitro (<em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA-synt) and suspensions of sonicated bacteria expressing <em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA (<em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA-bac). Delivery with artificial diet showed a silencing response that was dose-dependent and more pronounced when bacteria were used as delivery vectors. <em>GFP</em> dsRNA synthesized in vitro and bacteria expressing <em>GFP</em> dsRNA were used in control experiments. The values reported are the mean ± standard errors (*<em>P </em>< 0.0001, Student’s <em>t</em> test)</p> <p><strong>Figure 3</strong></p> <p>Encapsulation assay in <em>S. littoralis</em> 4th larvae treated for 3 days with <em>Sl 102</em> dsRNA synthesized in vitro (<em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA-synt) or transformed HT115 <em>E. coli</em> expressing <em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA (<em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA-bac). Chromatography beads injected into the body cavity of control larvae were encapsulated and melanized (<strong>a</strong>). On the contrary, the efficiency of encapsulation was lower in silenced larvae, independently from the dsRNA administration method (gavage or with artificial diet) (<strong>b</strong>). The encapsulation index was affected by oral delivery method and, in the case of oral administration on artificial diet, by dsRNA quantity. <em>GFP</em> dsRNA synthesized in vitro and bacteria expressing <em>GFP</em> dsRNA were used in control experiments. The values reported are the mean ± standard errors (*<em>P </em>< 0.0001, Student’s <em>t</em> test)</p> <p><strong>Figure 4</strong></p> <p>Bioassay with <em>S. littoralis</em> 4th instar larvae exposed to dsRNA before <em>Bt</em> treatment. Newly molted larvae were treated for 3 days with artificial diet layered with transformed HT115 <em>E. coli</em> expressing <em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA (<em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA-Bac, corresponding to 200 ng of dsRNA) and then with 12 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> of Xentari™ for 3 more days (see “<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10340-019-01140-6#Sec3">Materials and methods</a>” section for experimental details). Survival was monitored until day 8 (<strong>a</strong>), when the weight was assessed on the surviving experimental larvae (<strong>b</strong>). Bacteria expressing <em>GFP</em> dsRNA were used in control experiments. The timing of the treatments is indicated with arrows. The values reported are the mean ± standard errors (in <strong>a</strong> *<em>P </em>< 0.0001 based on log-rank test; in <strong>b</strong> different letters denote statistical difference based on Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple-comparison post hoc test)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Fig. 5</strong></p> <p>Bioassay with <em>S. littoralis</em> 4th instar larvae simultaneously exposed to dsRNA and <em>Bt</em>. Newly molted larvae were treated for 3 days with artificial diet layered with transformed HT115 <em>E. coli</em> expressing <em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA (<em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA-Bac, corresponding to 200 ng of dsRNA) and with 9 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> of Xentari (see “<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10340-019-01140-6#Sec3">Materials and methods</a>” section for experimental details). Survival was monitored until day 8 (<strong>a</strong>) when the weight was assessed on the surviving experimental larvae (<strong>b</strong>). Bacteria expressing <em>GFP</em> dsRNA were used in control experiments. The timing of the treatments is indicated by arrows The values reported are the mean ± standard errors (in <strong>a</strong> **<em>P </em>< 0.0001 and *<em>P </em>< 0.0046 based on log-rank test; in <strong>b</strong> different letters denote statistical difference based on Kruskal–Wallis, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons post hoc test)</p> <p><strong>Fig. 6</strong></p> <p>Bioassays with <em>S. littoralis</em> 5th instar larvae simultaneously exposed to dsRNA and <em>Bt</em>. Newly molted larvae were treated for 3 days with artificial diet layered with transformed HT115 <em>E. coli</em> expressing <em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA (<em>Sl</em> <em>102</em> dsRNA-Bac, corresponding to 200 ng of dsRNA) and with 12 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> of Xentari (see “<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10340-019-01140-6#Sec3">Materials and methods</a>” section for experimental details). Survival was monitored until day 8 (<strong>a</strong>), when the weight was assessed on the surviving experimental larvae (<strong>b</strong>). Bacteria expressing <em>GFP</em> dsRNA were used in control experiments. The timing of the treatments is indicated by arrows. The values reported are the mean ± standard errors (in <strong>a</strong> *<em>P </em>< 0.0001 based on log-rank test; in <strong>b</strong> different letters denote statistical difference based on Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple-comparison post hoc test)</p> <p> </p>
The effects of host plant species and larval density on immune function in the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis
<p>Immune functions are costly and immune investment is usually dependent on the individual's condition and resource availability. For phytophagous insects, host plant quality has large effects on performance, e.g. growth and survival, and may also affect their immune function. Polyphagous insects often experience a large variation in quality among different host plant species, and their immune investment may thus vary depending on which host plant species they develop on. Larvae of the polyphagous moth <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>have previously been found to exhibit density-dependent prophylaxis as they invest more in certain immune responses in high population densities. In addition, the immune response of <i>S. littoralis </i>has been shown to depend on nutrient quality in experiments with artificial diet. Here, I studied the effects of natural host plant diet and larval density on a number of immune responses to understand if host plant species affects immune investment in generalist insects, and if the density-dependent prophylaxis could be mediated by host plant species. While host plant species in general did not mediate the density-dependent immune expression, particular host plant species was found to increase larval investment in certain functions of the immune system. Interestingly, these results indicate that different host plants may provide a polyphagous species with protection against different kinds of antagonisms. This insight may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between preference and performance in generalists, as well as having applied consequences for sustainable pest management.</p>
The effects of host plant species and larval density on immune function in the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis
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Transcriptionnal analysis of a Photorhabdus luminescens TT01 variant, named VAR*, which is a colonial and phenotypic variant displaying delayed pathogenicity in the insect, Spodoptera littoralis.
GEO Series GSE24627. Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. laumondii TTO1. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Dynamics of membrane potential variation and gene expression induced by Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, and Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis
GEO Series GSE40926. Arabidopsis thaliana. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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