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17 results for “Spongia”
Data from: Genetic diversity of the imperiled bath sponge Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 across the Mediterranean Sea: patterns of population differentiation and implications for taxonomy and conservation
The Mediterranean bath sponge Spongia officinalis is an iconic species with high socio-economic value and imperiled present and future status due to unregulated harvesting, mortality incidents and lack of established knowledge regarding its ecology. This study aims to assess genetic diversity and population structure of the species at different geographic sectors and levels of geographic distance along its distribution. For this purpose, 11 locations in the eastern Mediterranean (Aegean Sea), western Mediterranean (Provence coast), and the Strait of Gibraltar were sampled; specimens were analysed using partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, along with a set of 8 microsatellite loci. According to our results (i) no genetic differentiation exists among the acknowledged Mediterranean morphotypes and presumably S. officinalis can be viewed as a single, morphologically variable species; (ii) a notable divergence was recorded in the Gibraltar region, indicating the possible existence of a cryptic species; (iii) restriction to gene flow was evidenced between the Aegean Sea and Provence giving two well-defined regional clusters, thus suggesting the existence of a phylogeographic break between the two systems; (iv) low levels of genetic structure, not correlated to geographic distance, were observed inside geographic sectors, implying mechanisms (natural or anthropogenic) that enhance dispersal and gene flow, promoting population connectivity; (v) the genetic diversity of S. officinalis is maintained high in most studied locations despite pressure from harvesting and the influence of devastating epidemics. These findings provide a basis towards the effective conservation and management of the species.
FIGURE 29 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURE 29. Spongia zimocca (collected from Naxos Island at 60m depth). Spherical choanocyte chamber 20 μm in diameter, choanocyte cells with characteristic shape and the collar of microvilli surrounding the flagellum.
FIGURES 17–20. Spongia zimocca.17 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 17–20. Spongia zimocca.17, End of primary fibers in a Tunisian specimen. 18, Primary and secondary fibers from a Libyan sponge. 19, Primary and secondary fibers from a Tunisian specimen. 20, Secondary fiber from a sponge collected near Agathonissi, at 60m depth.
FIGURES 7–9. Spongia zimocca. 7 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 7–9. Spongia zimocca. 7, Compact form found between Cape Sounion and Aegina Island. 8, Specimen LMJG 15470 from the Graz Museum collection. 9, Sponges harvested by gagava trawler from Posidonia beds.
FIGURES 14–16. Spongia zimocca. 14 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 14–16. Spongia zimocca. 14, Sponge just harvested from Astipalea Island (ca. 18m depth.). 15, SEM of conules with pinacodermal membrane carrying many foreign structures. 16, Primary fiber surrounded by a dense network of secondary fibers in a specimen from Libya.
FIGURES 4–6. Spongia zimocca. 4, Form A sponges harvested from Libya. 5 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 4–6. Spongia zimocca. 4, Form A sponges harvested from Libya. 5, Characteristic specimen from Tunisia (upper surface). 6, Characteristic specimen from Tunisia (surface of attachment).
FIGURES 1–3. Spongia zimocca. 1 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 1–3. Spongia zimocca. 1, Map showing in red the species' distribution in the Mediterranean Sea (Greece: Aegean Sea, Dodekanissos, Cyclades, Crete, Ionian Sea, Laconia / Egypt / Libya / Tunisia). 2, Compact sponge from Libya, with flat to slightly lobose upper surface. 3, Specimen harvested from Tunisia.
FIGURES 27–28. Spongia zimocca. 27 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 27–28. Spongia zimocca. 27, Secondary and pseudo-tertiary fibers of a specimen from Aegean Sea deep waters (60–70 m). 28, Primary fiber protruding from the conule of a sponge harvested at Anafi Island in 2009.
FIGURES 21–26. Spongia zimocca. 21 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 21–26. Spongia zimocca. 21, Secondary fibers of a sample collected from Egypt. 22, Secondary fibers from a specimen obtained from shallow depths between Cape Sounion and Aegina Island. 23, Secondary fibers of a sample collected at great depth from the Aegean Sea. 24, Pseudo-tertiary fibers of a specimen collected from Libya. 25, Pseudo-tertiary fibers from a North African specimen. 26, Pseudo-tertiary fibers of a sample collected at great depth from the Aegean Sea.
FIGURES 10–13. Spongia zimocca. 10 in Revised description of a poorly known Mediterranean Dictyoceratid bath sponge, Spongia (Spongia) zimocca (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)
FIGURES 10–13. Spongia zimocca. 10, Sponge from deep waters of Dodekanissos. 11, Well developed lobes, ¾ of their length being free. 12, Linear channel starting from osculum, as described by Schmidt (1862). 13, Sponge just harvested from Agathonissi Island (ca. 60m depth.).
Data from: Genetic diversity of the imperiled bath sponge Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 across the Mediterranean Sea: patterns of population differentiation and implications for taxonomy and conservation
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Fig. 6. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra for compounds 2–7 in Jellynolide A, pokepola esters, and sponalisolides from the aquaculture sponge Spongia officinalis L
Fig. 6. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra for compounds 2–7 in MeOH.
Fig. 5. Key 1H–1H in Jellynolide A, pokepola esters, and sponalisolides from the aquaculture sponge Spongia officinalis L
Fig. 5. Key 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations of compounds 2–7.
Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H in Jellynolide A, pokepola esters, and sponalisolides from the aquaculture sponge Spongia officinalis L
Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H COSY, HMBC (a), and NOESY correlations (b) of compound 1.
Fig. 3 in Jellynolide A, pokepola esters, and sponalisolides from the aquaculture sponge Spongia officinalis L
Fig. 3. Eight relative configurations of compound 1.
Fig. 1 in Jellynolide A, pokepola esters, and sponalisolides from the aquaculture sponge Spongia officinalis L
Fig. 1. Chemical structures of 1–9.
Fig. 4. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra for compound 1 in Jellynolide A, pokepola esters, and sponalisolides from the aquaculture sponge Spongia officinalis L
Fig. 4. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra for compound 1 in MeOH.
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