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Fig. 8 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 8. Umborotula bogorensis (Weber, 1890). Possible type locality in a pond of the Bogor Botanical Garden (Java). Picture after Arndt (1932).

Fig. 9. A in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 9. A. Part of the type encrusting on a plant, 1901:10:22:1 of Ephydatia blembingia = Umborotula bogorensis, the Natural History Museum of London. B. Six slides ZMA POR 01551 representing the remains of the type material of Umborotula bogorensis preserved in the Institute for Systematics and Population Biology of the University of Amsterdam.

Fig. 4 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 4. Umborotula bogorensis (Weber, 1890) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, NE Thailand. SEM micrographs. a. Gemmules in a group within skeletal meshes. Gemmular theca with almost flat foraminal area. Several free gemmuloscleres also scattered in the skeletal network. b. Gemmule (basal area, top view) with developed outer layer covering the distal rotules of radial gemmuloscleres. c–d. Gemmules showing foraminal area (central); outer layer is lacking (top view). e. Gemmule without outer layer showing partially dissociated gemmuloscleres in the pneumatic layer and the smooth inner layer of compact spongin. Foramen simple, with short collar. f. Gemmule (cross section) with foraminal tubule and radial gemmuloscleres in the trilayered theca. g. Outer layer at the theca surface with distal rotules of gemmuloscleres. h. Distal rotules of gemmuloscleres without outer layer. i. Proximal rotules of gemmuloscleres adhering to the inner layer of the theca. j–k. Foraminal area supported by a network of spongin fibres and a rosette of radial gemmuloscleres. l. Architecture of trilayered gemmular theca with radial gemmuloscleres and spiny shafts (cross section). m–o. Fibrous network of thin spongin fibres in the pneumatic layer (detail, cross section).

Fig. 5 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 5. Umborotula bogorensis (Weber, 1890) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, NE Thailand. Spicular complement (SEM) of gemmules and skeleton. a. Gemmulosclere birotules armed by large spines. b. Rotule of a gemmulosclere (top view). c. Shafts of gemmuloscleres with large scattered spines. d. Rotules of gemmulosclere (lateral view). e. Megascleres (oxeas) of the skeleton. f. Megascleres, tips. g. Megascleres, shafts.

Fig. 7 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 7. Historical trend of faunistic and taxonomic investigations focusing on Umborotula bogorensis (Weber, 1890). The papers mentioning this species are 40. The 15 papers (box) reporting new records are indicated by asterisks. See also Fig. 1 (map) and Appendix.

Fig. 6 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 6. Umborotula bogorensis (Weber, 1890) (as Ephydatia bogorensis Weber, 1890 and E. blembingia Evans, 1901). a–c. Diagnostic morphotraits from plates in original descriptions. d–f. Gemmule and spicules (LM) of E. blembingia from the type, BMNH 1901:10:22:1−2. a–b. Modified from Evans (1901). c. Modified from Weber (1890).

Fig. 1 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 1. Biogeographic pattern of the monotypic genus Umborotula with published records. The new record from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in NE Thailand (14°30ʹ15.83″ N, 101°55ʹ03.64″ E) is indicated by the green square. For question marks, see text in the historical accounts section. The unpublished records are not reported (see Appendix). Red dots indicate the type localities of Ephydatia bogorensis Weber, 1890 and E. blembingia Evans, 1901.

Fig. 3 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 3. Umborotula bogorensis (Weber, 1890) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, NE Thailand. a. sampling site along a temporary streamlet and pool; arrows indicate the microhabitat of the two recorded specimens. b. Gemmule carpets (arrows) during low water level (dry season). c. Encrusting sponge with gemmules on a stick from the pool.

Fig. 2 in Rare freshwater sponges of Australasia: new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Northeast Thailand

Fig. 2. Map of Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Thailand (modified from Trisurat 2010). The new record of Umborotula bogorensis (Weber, 1890) is indicated by a star.

Fig. 8 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 8. Presence of i56 sequence varieties in Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) at different collecting sites. Black lines on the map represent watersheds between the catchment areas and cross hairs mark the actual sampling site. Seven sequence varieties were found, designated z-242T, z-242G, y-290G, y-290A, y-24G, w-377G and w-377T. Pie charts indicate fraction of the varieties at a site, and circle area corresponds to number of specimens sequenced from the site.

Fig. 7 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 7. Networks of i56 varieties in Swedish Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759). Colours indicate catchment area. Seven varieties are designated; z-242T, z-242G, t-24G, y-290G, y-290A, w-377G and w-377T, see Table 3. A. PopART integer neighbor-joining network (described in Leigh & Bryant 2015). Pie chart size proportional to the number of specimens found of the variety. Hatches indicate number of substitutions between varieties, sites with indels are excluded; thus, no differences are picked up between z-242T and z-242G. B. SplitsTree neighbor network based on HKY85 distances.

Fig. 6 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 6. Neighbor-joining trees based on HKY85 distances. A. coxI dataset. B. 28S dataset. Sequences with a specimen field number (starting with P052- or P059-) are from the present study, remaining sequences are from GenBank with the accession number in the label.

Fig. 5 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 5. Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851). A. Habitus (P059-170829-4). B. Spiculae, m = megasclere (P059-170830-13), g = gemmulosclere (P059-170902-1). C–D. Estimated spicula size distribution within and between specimens, P059-170802-10 (solid line), P059-170830-2 (dashed) and P059-170830- 4 (dotted). Marks on the x-axis represent spiculae measured. C. Megascleres. Brackets correspond to ranges in literature (red = Tendal 1967b; blue = Penney & Racek 1968; black = Evans & Montagnes 2019). D. Gemmuloscleres.

Fig. 3 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 3. Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759). A. Habitus (P059-211231-1). B. Spiculae, m = megasclere (P059-170902-2), g = gemmulosclere (P059-170902-1). C. Estimated megasclere size distribution within and between specimens, P059-170902-1 (solid line), P059-170902-2 (dashed), P059-170902-3 (dotted). Marks on the x-axis represent spiculae measured. Brackets correspond to ranges in literature (red = Tendal 1967b; blue = Penney & Racek 1968; black = Evans & Montagnes 2019).

Fig. 4 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 4. Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1856). A. Habitus (P059-170829-4). B. Spiculae, m = megascleres (P059-170830-13), g = gemmuloscleres (P059-130828-18). C. Estimated megasclere size distribution within and between specimens, P059-130829-3 (solid line), P059-170830-13 (dashed) and UP-16-1-2 (dotted). Marks on the x-axis represent spiculae measured. Brackets correspond to ranges in literature (red = Tendal 1967b; blue = Penney & Racek 1968; black = Evans & Montagnes 2019).

Fig. 1 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 1. Sampling sites and species found in main catchment areas in Sweden. Black lines represent watersheds between catchment areas, from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute SVAR database (Westman et al. 2017). Crosses are sites visited but where no sponge was found, dots are sites where sponges were collected. The neighbouring pie icon indicates the species present at that site: blue (top right) is Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759), yellow (bottom right) Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851), black (bottom left) Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759) and green (top left) Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1856).

Fig. 2 in Addition to Sweden's freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden

Fig. 2. Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759). A–B. Habitus. A. Specimen growing under a pontoon (P059-171011-6). B. Specimen growing on anchor chain, with finger–like projections (P059-170802- 48). C–D. Spiculae. C. Megasclere (P059-171008-4). D. Microsclere (P059-171008-1). E–F. Estimated spicula size distribution within and between specimens, P059-130831-1 (solid line), P059-170802- 8 (dashed) and P059-171008-4 (dotted). Marks on the x-axis represent spiculae measured. Brackets correspond to ranges in literature (red = Tendal 1967b; blue = Penney & Racek 1968; black = Evans & Montagnes 2019). E. Megascleres. F. Microscleres.

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Figure 4 in Freshwater sponges of the West Indies: Discovery of Spongillidae (Haplosclerida, Spongillina) from Cuba with biogeographic notes and a checklist for the Caribbean area

Figure 4. Radiospongilla crateriformis from Cuba (DTRGFW603). SEM photomicrographs of resistant bodies and spicular complement. (A) Gemmule (cross-section); (B) gemmule with the outer layer pierced by distal rotules of radial gemmuloscleres; (C) gemmule without outer layer; (D) gemmular theca (cross-section) with radial gemmuloscleres adhering to the inner layer by the proximal rotules. Pneumatic layer as thin scattered spongin fibres; (E) gemmular theca with free distal rotules; (F) megasclere oxea with small spines; (G) microscleres spiny strongyloxeas; (H) gemmulosclere pseudobirotule with spiny shaft and bent long spines at the apices; (I) apices of gemmuloscleres; (J) apices of megascleres oxeas; (K) apex of microsclere strongyloxea.

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Figure 3 in Freshwater sponges of the West Indies: Discovery of Spongillidae (Haplosclerida, Spongillina) from Cuba with biogeographic notes and a checklist for the Caribbean area

Figure 3. Ephydatia facunda from Cuba (DTRGFW600, DTRGFW602). SEM photomicrographs of resistant bodies and spicular complement. (A) Gemmule lateral view with foramen on the right (arrow); (B) cross-section of the gemmular theca; (C) top view of a gemmule with foramen in the centre (arrow); (D) gemmular theca at the foraminal level (cross-section); (E) trilayered gemmular theca with compact spongin in the outer and inner layer, and chambered spongin in the pneumatic layer (cross-section); (F) foramen (arrow) surrounded by distal rotules of gemmuloscleres; (G, H) outer layer with emerging distal rotules of gemmuloscleres [(G) top view; (H) crosssection]; (I) megascleres acanthoxeas; (J) gemmuloscleres birotules; (K) spiny rotules bearing indented margins.