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Fig. 8 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 8. Bayesian inference phylogenetic reconstruction of 11 species of Squatina Duméril, 1805 for which CO1, 16S and NADH2 sequences were available. Species groups are colour-coded in the phylogeny and the geographic distributions on the map. Sampling location of the S. armata (Philippi, 1887) vouchers MNHNCL ICT 7625 (neotype) and MNHNCL ICT 7626 is indicated with an orange circle.

Fig. 6 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 6. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (voucher MNHNCL ICT 7626), clasper morphology.a. External. b–c. Skeletal dorsal (b) and ventral (c) views. Abbreviations: acd = accessory dorsal marginal cartilage; ap = apopyle; ax =axial cartilage; cg = clasper groove; cgl = clasper glans; crh = cover rhipidion; dm = dorsal marginal; dt = dorsal terminal; dt2 = dorsal terminal 2; gcr = globular cartilaginous rod; hyp = hypopyle; rh = rhipidion; vm = ventral marginal cartilage; vt = ventral terminal; vt2 = ventral terminal 2.

Fig. 5 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 5. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), adult ♂, obtained from the fishmarket of Higuerillas, central Chile, date of capture 18 Mar. 2020 (collection code CCM-1228, Chondrolab, Universidad de Valparaíso). Close up of individual teeth not to scale.

Fig. 4 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 4. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dermal denticle shapes and patterns. a. Rostral area, frontal view. b. Interorbital area. c–d. Medial-dorsal denticles in frontal (c) and lateral (d) views. e. Caudal area, la

Fig. 2 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 2. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), illustration of the left anterior nasal flap. a. Anterior barbel. b. Median barbel. c. Posterior barbel. Illustrations by IFC.

Fig. 1 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 1. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (1004 mm total length; MNHNCL ICT 7625), fresh specimen. a. Dorsal view. b. Ventral view.

Fig. 3 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown).

Fig. 7 in Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)

Fig. 7 (see previous page). Neighbour-Joining tree of the angel shark CO1, 16S and NADH2 sequences included in this study. Non-American species reduced to one sequence per species for illustrative purposes. Approximate geographic distributions of the species are colour-coded. Sampling location and position in the NJ tree of the Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) vouchers MNHNCL ICT 7625 (neotype) and MNHNCL ICT 7626 are indicated with orange circles.

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Figure 2 in Occurrence of juveniles Squatina oculata Bonaparte, 1840 (Elasmobranchii: Squatinidae) in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)

Figure 2. – The four specimens of Squatina oculata caught in the Strait of Sicily and photographed at landing.

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Figure 1 in Occurrence of juveniles Squatina oculata Bonaparte, 1840 (Elasmobranchii: Squatinidae) in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)

Figure 1. – Map of the Mediterranean Sea with the approximate position where the four specimens of Squatina oculata were caught.

FIG. 14 in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 14. An undescribed Early Jurassic batomorph skeleton from Holzmaden (SMNS 52666): A, general view of the specimen in dorsal view; white rectangle indicates region shown in B (scale bar = 10 cm); B, detail of cranio-vertebral articulation, showing the existence of an occipital hemicentrum and a short synarcual with four unreduced anterior vertebral centra. In all modern batoids, the occipital hemicentrum and the anteriormost centra within the synarcual are absent and the cranio-vertebral joint is formed entirely by fused dorsal and ventral arcualia of the vertebral column (synarcual cartilage). Thus, reduction or absence of the anterior spool in the first free centrum of squatiniforms is probably independent of the condition in batomorphs.

FIG. 10. ALMNH 2792-B in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 10. ALMNH 2792-B, three views of ceratohyal referred here to Cretasquatina americana. Anterior to right in A and C, to left in B. Again, note the extremely coarse texture of tesserae.

FIG. 7. ALMNH 2792-A in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 7. ALMNH 2792-A, almost complete left palatoquadrate, referred here to Cretasquatina americana: A, lateral view, anterior to left; B, mesial view, anterior to right; C, dorsal view, anterior to left; D, ventral view, anterior to left. Note extremely large cartilage tesserae (some with zigzag intertesseral contacts), especially in the center of the lateral surface of the palatoquadrate main bar in A.

FIG. 6. Squatina nebulosa, AMNH 258172 in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 6. Squatina nebulosa, AMNH 258172. Views of the cranium and anterior part of vertebral column, imaged from tomographic scan by C. Crawford: A, ventral view of first six vertebral centra and associated basiventrals, anterior to top; B, anterior view of first vertebral element; C, dorsal view of A; D, posterior view of cranium; E, ventral view of cranium and vertebral centra (anterior to left); F, dorsal view of same. Upper scale bar for A–D; lower scale bar for E and F only.

FIG. 4. Cretasquatina americana. Holotype, ALMNH 2792-C in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 4. Cretasquatina americana. Holotype, ALMNH 2792-C, computerized tomography images of slices through first vertebra: A, horizontal section through middle of centrum just above median process; B, slightly higher horizontal section clipping anterior part of spinal canal; C, midsagittal section through vertebral centrum. Note the extremely large size of individual tesserae, especially rows of "voussoir" tesserae along margins between adjacent surfaces.

FIG. 9 in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 9. Head skeleton of modern Squatina nebulosa, AMNH 258172 (juvenile female 405 mm TL), images from scanned specimen segmented by C. Crawford: A, cranium, jaws and ceratohyals in dorsal view, anterior to top; B, same in ventral view; C, same in lateral view, left side, anterior to left; D, left palatoquadrate in lateral view, anterior to left; E, same in mesial view, anterior to right; F, same in dorsal view, anterior to left; G, same in ventral view, anterior to left; H, left ceratohyal in lateral view; I, same in mesial view.

FIG. 2 in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 2. Cretasquatina americana, gen. nov., sp. nov. Holotype, ALMNH 2792-C, six associated vertebrae forming the anterior vertebral complex: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, anterior views of centra 1–6; D, posterior views of centra 1–6.

FIG. 13 in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 13. Strict consensus of two equally parsimonious trees, inferred from PAUP*. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap support values. Cretasquatina is inferred to lie on the squatinid stem above Pseudorhina. Cretascyllium is resolved in this analysis as the closest extinct taxon to modern Squatina.

FIG. 5 in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 5. AMNH FF 22425, Late Cretaceous, Ramanessin Brook, NJ; isolated first vertebra referred to Cretasquatina: A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral view. The centrum is visible posteriorly but does not emerge onto the anterior surface of the element. Large paired concavities of the cranial-vertebral articulation are present anteriorly. Note also the large size of cartilage tesserae covering surfaces of the arcualia and cotyli (compare with figs. 3, 4).

FIG. 1. Locality and stratigraphic information. A in A new genus of Late Cretaceous angel shark (Elasmobranchii; Squatinidae), with comments on squatinid phylogeny

FIG. 1. Locality and stratigraphic information. A, location of Alabama within continental United States (no scale); B, location of Dallas County within Alabama (no scale); C, location (starred) of Harrell Station Paleontological Station (HSPS); D, general view of the HSPS site; E, Upper Cretaceous geologic section for western Alabama showing the approximate exposure level at HSPS (arrow).