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4 results for “Stenodermatinae”
Foraging strategies, craniodental traits and interaction in the bite force of Neotropical frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)
<p>1. Bats in the family Phyllostomidae exhibit great diversity in skull size and morphology that reflects the degree of resource division and ecological overlap in the group. In particular, the subfamily Stenodermatinae has high morphological diversification associated with cranial and mandibular traits that is associated with the ability to consume the full range of available fruits (soft and hard).</p> <p>2. Was analyzed craniodental traits and their relationship to the bite force in 343 specimens distributed in seven species of stenodermatine bats with two foraging strategies: nomadic and sedentary frugivory. We evaluated 19 traits related to feeding and bite force in live animals by correcting bite force with body size.</p> <p>3. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) and post hoc tests to determine possible relationships and differences between cranial traits, species, and sex. We also used Blomberg's K to measure the phylogenetic signal and Phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS) to ensure the phylogenetic independence of the traits.</p> <p>4. We found that smaller nomadic, <i>A. anderseni</i> and <i>A. phaeotis</i> have a similar bite force to the large species <i>A. planirostris</i> and <u>A. lituratus</u>; furthermore, <i>P. helleri</i> registered a bite force similar to that of the sedentary bat, <i>S. giannae</i>. Our study determined that all the features of the mandible and most of the traits of the skull have a low phylogenetic signal. Through the PGLS we found that the diet and several cranial features (mandibular toothrow length, dentary length, braincase breadth, mastoid breadth, greatest length of skull, condyloincisive length and condylocanine length) determined bite force performance among Stenodermatiane.</p> <p>5. Our results reinforce that skull size is a determining factor in the bite force, but also emphasize the importance of its relationships with morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of the species, which gives us a better understanding of the evolutionary adaptions of this highly diverse Neotropical bat group.</p>
Foraging strategies, craniodental traits and interaction in the bite force of Neotropical frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)
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Seasonal dietary niche contraction in coexisting Neotropical frugivorous bats (Stenodermatinae)
<p>Tropical dry forests are characterized by punctuated seasonal precipitation patterns that drive primary production and the availability of fruits, seeds, flowers, and insects throughout the year. In environments in which the quantity and quality of food resources varies seasonally, consumers should adjust their foraging behavior to maximize energy intake while minimizing overlap with competitors during periods of low food availability. Here, we investigated how the diets of frugivorous bats in tropical dry forests of NW Mexico varied in response to seasonal availability and how this affected dietary overlap of morphologically similar species. We performed stable isotope analyses to understand temporal and interspecific patterns of overall isotopic niche breadth, trophic position, and niche overlap in the diet of six frugivorous species of closely related New World Leaf-nosed Bats (family Phyllostomidae, subfamily Stenodermatinae). We estimated seasonal changes in resource abundance in two complementary ways: 1) vegetative phenology based on long-term remote-sensing data, and 2) observational data on food availability from previously published insect and plant fruiting surveys. In all species, there was a consistent pattern of reduced isotopic niche breadth during periods of low food availability. However, patterns of niche overlap varied between morphologically similar species. Overall, results from our study and others suggest that seasonal food availability likely determines overall dietary niche breadth in Phyllostomidae and that despite morphological specialization, it is likely that other mechanisms, such as opportunistic foraging and spatiotemporal niche segregation may play a role in maintaining coexistence rather than simply dietary displacement.</p>
Seasonal dietary niche contraction in coexisting Neotropical frugivorous bats (Stenodermatinae)
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