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32 results for “Sticta”
Figure 43. Crustulina sticta, female. A in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 43. Crustulina sticta, female. A, abdomen, white box shows area enlarged in B. B, close-up of abdominal proprioreceptors (arrows); note setae of the modified SPR (see also in C) carry much shorter setae. C, anterior ventral abdomen, showing pedicel area, Ep and BL. D, tip of fourth tarsus. E, palpal tarsus; note small TO (arrow, 198-0), and serrated bristles ventrally. F, spinnerets. G, PLS. Scale bars: A–C, F, 100 Mm; D, E 50 Mm; G, 20 Mm.
Data from: Phylogenetic diversity of two geographically overlapping species in the lichen genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae): isolation by distance, environment, or fragmentation?
<p><span><b>Aim:</b> To test whether the degree of phylogenetic diversity differs in two congeneric, morphologically similar lichens that are both widespread and with a similar geographical range (Neotropics and Hawaii), but differ in altitudinal and habitat preferences, and whether the two species underwent isolation by distance (IBD), environment (IBE), or fragmentation (IBF).</span></p> <p><span><b>Location:</b> South and Central America, Caribbean, Hawaii, Azores.</span></p> <p><span><b>Taxon:</b> <i>Sticta</i> (Peltigeraceae).</span></p> <p><span><b>Methods:</b> Analysis of 395 specimens across the study area; ITS barcoding marker; maximum likelihood tree reconstruction within a broad taxonomic framework; TCS haplotype networks; Mantel test of genetic vs. geographic, environmental, and fragmentation distances; statistical comparison of BIOclim variables.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b><b> </b><i>Sticta andina</i> exhibited high phenotypic variation and high reticulate phylogenetic diversity across its range, whereas the phenotypically more uniform <i>S. scabrosa</i> contained two main haplotypes, one unique to Hawaii (subsp. <i>hawaiiensis</i>). <i>Sticta andina</i> was restricted to well-preserved andine forests and paramos, habitats fragmented due to disruptive topology, whereas <i>S. scabrosa</i> was found in lowland to lower montane forests in rather exposed microsites, representing a more continuous habitat. These differences were statistically significant for several BIOclim variables. Mantel tests on genetic vs. geographic and environmental distances demonstrated that <i>S. scabrosa</i> followed a pattern of IBD across its full range but not within continental Central and South America. In contrast, <i>S. andina</i> did not exhibit IBD but showed weak, yet significant patterns of IBE at continental level and IBF in the northern Andes.</span></p> <p><b>Main Conclusions:</b> Autecology indirectly drives phylogenetic diversity in the two studied species. In the low altitude species, <i>S. scabrosa</i>, phylogenetic diversity is low and shows no correlation with geographic or environmental distances, except for the differentiation of the Hawaiian subspecies. We attribute this to rapid expansion and effective gene flow between populations across a more or less continuously distributed niche representing partially exposed microsites, including disturbed and anthropogenic vegetation, such as planted trees. In contrast, in the high altitude species, <i>S. andina</i>, phylogenetic diversity is high and correlated with both environmental niche differentiation (IBE) and fragmentation caused by the final Andean uplift (IBF). Therefore, an autoecological preference for high altitudes increases the likelihood for higher phylogenetic diversity.</p>
FIGURES 17–18. Eriovixia sticta n in The orb-weaving spider genus Eriovixia (Araneae: Araneidae) in the Gaoligong Mountains, China
FIGURES 17–18. Eriovixia sticta n. sp. 17, female habitus, dorsal view; 18, male habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURES 19–24. Eriovixia sticta n in The orb-weaving spider genus Eriovixia (Araneae: Araneidae) in the Gaoligong Mountains, China
FIGURES 19–24. Eriovixia sticta n. sp. 19, epigynum, ventral view; 20, epigynum lateral view; 21, vulva, dorsal view; 22, left palp, prolateral view; 23, left palp, ventral view; 24, median apophysis. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Supplementary material 2 from: Ossowska EA, Moncada B, Lücking R, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Olszewska S, Kukwa M (2024) Additional new species and new records of the genus Sticta (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia. MycoKeys 105: 21-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.105.120810
Best-scoring Maximum Likelihood tree of the Sticta target clade containing the new species from Bolivia (red) and the species new to Bolivia and phylogenetically confirmed from Bolivia (blue), based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker
Supplementary material 1 from: Ossowska EA, Moncada B, Lücking R, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Olszewska S, Kukwa M (2024) Additional new species and new records of the genus Sticta (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia. MycoKeys 105: 21-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.105.120810
Specimens of Sticta used in molecular analysis with locality, voucher information, GenBank accession numbers and list of references
FIGURE 59. Chaetocnema sticta. A Lectotype, habitus. B in Revision of the Oriental Chaetocnema species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)
FIGURE 59. Chaetocnema sticta. A Lectotype, habitus. B Head, frontal view (Lectotype). C Pygidium (tergite 7) of female (Paralectotype). D Aedeagus (Paralectotype), ventral view. E Aedeagus (Paralectotype), lateral view. F Apex of aedeagus (Paralectotype), ventral view. G Vaginal palpi (Paralectotype). H Spermatheca (Paralectotype). I Tignum (Paralectotype).
FIGURE 10 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 10. Sticta tunjensis (holotype collection). A. Upper side of thallus. B. Lower side of thallus. C. Lower surface enlarged. D. Detail of lower surface. E–G. Detail of marginal isidia from upper and lower side. G. Young lobe tip showing cilia. H. Microscopic section through cyphella showing basal membrane with papillose cells. Scale in A–D = 5 mm, in E and F = 1 mm, in G = 0.5 mm, in H = 10 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 9. Sticta silverstonii (holotype collection). A. Thallus in herbarium showing surface structure. B. Lower surface showing large, contiguous cyphellae. C. Upper surface with apothecia. D. Microscopic section through cyphella showing basal membrane with papillose cells. E. Microscopic section of lower surface showing primary and secondary tomentum. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C = 0.5 mm, in D = 5 µm, in E = 20 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 8. Sticta rubropruinosa (holotype collection). A. Upper side of thallus. B. Lower side of thallus. C. Upper surface enlarged. D. Detail of upper surface showing red patches. E–G. Detail of lower tomentum and cyphellae towards thallus center and towards lobe apices. G. Cyphella enlarged showing margin with red spots and K+ emerald-green reaction. H. Microscopic section through thallus and cyphella, showing red pruina on upper surface. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C–F = 1 mm, in G = 0.5 mm, in H = 50 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 7. Sticta rhizinata (holotype collection). A. Thallus in situ. B. Lower surface of thallus in situ showing rhizines. C. Thallus in herbarium. D. Lower surface enlarged showing rhizines. E. Marginal isidia. F–G. Detail of marginal isidia. H. Microscopic section through thallus showing lower cortex and moniliform tomentum. Scale in A–D = 5 mm, in E–G = 0.5 mm, in H = 20 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 5. Sticta microcyphellata (holotype collection). A. Upper side of thallus. B. Lower side of thallus. C. Lower surface. D. Lower surface enlarged. E. Detail of lower tomentum and cyphellae. F. Apothecium. G. Microscopic section through thallus and cyphella. H. Microscopic section through thallus enlarged, showing lower tomentum. Scale in A–C = 10 mm, in D = 5 mm, in E and F = 1 mm, in G = 10 µm, in H = 50 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 6. Sticta papillata (A, Lücking 33370; B–E, holotype collection). A. Thallus in situ. B. Lower surface. C. Lower surface enlarged showing marginal cilia. D. Microscopic section through cyphella showing basal membrane with papillose cells. E. Microscopic section of differentiated upper cortex. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C = 5 mm, in D = 10 µm, in E = 30 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 4. Sticta maculofuliginosa (holotype collection). A. Thallus in situ. B. Thallus in herbarium. C. Lower surface. D. Lower surface enlarged. E. Maculate surface with laminal isidia. F. Laminal isidia enlarged. G. Microscopic section through thallus and cyphella. H. Microscopic section through thallus and isidium. Scale in A–D = 5 mm, in E and F = 1 mm, in G and H = 50 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 3. Sticta isidiokunthii (A and C–H, holotype collection; B, Lücking 33346). A–B. Thallus in situ. C. Upper and lower surface in the herbarium. D. Apothecia. E. Lower surface enlarged. F. Isidia enlarged. G. Detail of isidia. H. Microscopic section through thallus showing cyphella. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C–G = 5 mm, in H = 100 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 1. Sticta arachnofuliginosa (holotype collection). A. Upper lobe surface. B. Upper lobe surface enlarged. C. Lower surface enlarged. D. Isidia enlarged. E. Microscopic section of upper cortex and tomentum. Scale in A = 5 mm, in B = 0.7 mm, in C = 10 mm, in D = 1 mm, in E = 50 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 2. Sticta arbuscula (holotype collection). A. Thallus. B. Lower surface. C. Upper surface enlarged. D. Lower surface enlarged. E. Laminal isidia enlarged. F. Marginal isidia enlarged. G. Microscopic section through cyphella. H. Microscopic section through cyphella enlarged, showing basal membrane with papillose cells. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C and D = 5 mm, in E = 1 mm, in F = 0.5 mm, in G = 50 µm, in H = 10 µm.
FIGURES 1–7 in Alafrasca sticta, a new genus and species of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) with a checklist of the tribe from China
FIGURES 1–7. Alafrasca sticta sp. nov., 1, adult, left lateral view; 2, adult, dorsal view; 3, head and thorax, dorsal view; 4, face; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, male terminalia, dorsal view; 7, abdominal apodeme.
FIGURES 8–17 in Alafrasca sticta, a new genus and species of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) with a checklist of the tribe from China
FIGURES 8–17. Alafrasca sticta sp. nov., 8, forewing; 9, hindwing; 10, male terminalia, left lateral view; 11, pygofer side, left lateral view; 12, anal tube appendage, left lateral view; 13, aedeagus, left lateral view; 14, aedeagus, dorsal view; 15, connective; 16, subgenital plate, dorsal view; 17, paramere.
Data from: Phylogenetic diversity of two geographically overlapping species in the lichen genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae): Isolation by distance, environment, or fragmentation?
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