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14 results for “Structure of the Earth”
Data of the publication Rare Earth‐Diamond Hybrid Structures for Optical Quantum Technologies
<p>Data of the publication published under the reference: I.G. Balașa et al., Advanced Optical Materials, 2401487 (2024).</p>
Database of Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) detected by spacecraft 1 of the Cluster mission in the foreshock of Earth
<p>Database of Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) detected in the foreshock of Earth by spacecraft 1 of the Cluster mission between the years 2002-2012.</p> <p>An automated algorithm has been used for SLAMS identification followed by a manual verification process to remove bow shock oscillations and other false detections. SLAMS have been defined to have an amplitude of at least two times the background magnetic field. </p> <p>More details on the creation of the database are given in the following publication:</p> <p><span><span lang="EN-US">Bergman, S.</span></span><span lang="EN-US">, Karlsson, T., Wong Chan, T. K., & Trollvik, H. (2025). Statistical properties of Short Large</span><span lang="EN-US">‐</span><span lang="EN-US">Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) in the foreshock of Earth from Cluster measurements. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics</em>, 130. </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033568"><span lang="EN-US">https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033568</span></a></p> <p>Contact: S. Bergman, sofiabergmanphd@gmail.com </p>
High-Resolution Pan-European Forest Structure Maps: An Integration of Earth Observation and National Forest Inventory Data
<p>We developed Pan-European maps of timber volume (V), above-ground biomass (AGB), and deciduous-coniferous proportion (DCP) with a pixel size of 10 x 10 m<sup>2</sup> for the reference year 2020 using a combination of a Sentinel 2 mosaic, Copernicus layers, and National Forest Inventory (NFI) data.</p> <p>For mapping, we used the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN, k=7) approach with a harmonized database of species-specific V and AGB from 14 NFIs across Europe. This database encompasses approximately 151,000 sample plots, which were intersected with the above-mentioned Earth observation data. The maps cover 40<a> European countries, </a>forming a continuous coverage of the western part of the European continent.</p> <p>A sample of 1/3 of NFI plots was left out for validation, whereas 2/3 of the plots were used for mapping. Maps were created independently for 13 multi-country processing areas. Root-mean-squared-errors (RMSEs) for AGB ranged from 53 % in the Nordic processing area to <a>73 % </a>the South-Eastern area.</p> <p>The created maps are the first of their kind as they are utilizing a huge amount of harmonized NFI observations and consistent remote sensing data for high-resolution forest attribute mapping. While the published maps can be useful for visualization and other purposes, they are primarily meant as auxiliary information in model-assisted estimation where model-related biases can be mitigated, and field-based estimates improved. Therefore, additional calibration procedures were not applied, and especially high V and AGB values tend to be underestimated. Summarizing map values (pixel counting) over large regions such as countries or whole Europe will consequently result in biased estimates that need to be interpreted with care.</p> <p>The author list is sorted by last name except for the first and last authors who also serve as corresponding authors.</p> <p>Corresponding authors: <a href="mailto:Jukka.Miettinen@vtt.fi">Jukka.Miettinen@vtt.fi</a>, <a href="mailto:Johannes.Breidenbach@nibio.no">Johannes.Breidenbach@nibio.no</a></p>
Multi-faceted analyses of Poland's Bronze and Early Iron Age hoards: Fig.4. Excavation of earth-and-stone structure around the Kaliszany hoard (archaeological site no. 3)
<p>Photograph taken from a UAV showing excavations at archaeological site 3 in Kaliszany, Wągrowiec commune, Poland. It is a stone and earth structure in which a hoard of metal objects dating to the Late Bronze Age was discovered in 1943. The photo is from the 2022 survey, when the south-western part of the structure was explored. </p> <p>The paper and data were prepared as part of a project funded by the National Science Centre, Poland: <em>A Biography of Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages Hoards. A Multi-Faceted Analysis of Metal Objects Related to Monumental Constructions in Poland</em> (UMO-2021/41/B/HS3/00038)</p>
Data from: Dynamic pore structure evolution of the ion adsorbed rare earth ore during the ion exchange process
<p><span>During the leaching process of the ion adsorbed rare earth ore, the pore structure evolution of the ore body plays a vital role in the seepage of the leaching solution. To investigate the evolution of the pore structure during the leaching process, experiments have been carried out with remodeled rare earth ore samples based on physical characteristics of in-situ ores. The seepage rate difference between deionized water leaching solution and 2% NH<sub>4</sub>Cl leaching solution during the active leaching period are analyzed. The porosity and the dynamic pore size evolution of pore structures in the ore body are discussed. Results indicate that along with ion exchange between the rare earth ore and the leaching solution, the porosity of the sample remains constant and the pore structure shows a decreasing trend in the first part and an increasing trend in the second part. Specifically, during the ion exchange process, the number of minimal pores (0~5μm), small pores (5~10μm), and medium pores (10~25μm) increases significantly and the number of medium-large pores (25~60μm), large pores (60~120μm), and mega pores (>120μm) decreases dramatically. Along with the completion of the ion exchange process, the evolution of porous structure shows an opposite trend. The mechanism study reveals that the evolution of pore structure is induced by the difference of ionic strength in the leaching solution during the ion exchange process, where the rare earth ore microparticles will be absorbed or desorbed on to the solid phase.</span></p>
Data for "Unveiling the effect of Ni on the formation and structure of Earth's inner core"
<p>The source data for the figures in the manuscript "Unveiling the effect of Ni on the formation and structure of Earth’s inner core".</p> <p>The .xlsx files can be read via Microsoft Excel.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Prebiotic membrane structures mimic the morphology of purported early traces of life on Earth
<p>Original microscopy files used in figures for publication.</p>
Viscoelastic Deformations for Seasonal Loading—I: on a Homogeneous Earth With a Maxwell Rheology Structure
<p>All the data and figures for "Viscoelastic Deformations for Seasonal Loading—I: on a Homogeneous Earth With a Maxwell Rheology Structure".</p>
Surface Deformations from Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Models with Laterally Homogeneous, Compressible Earth Structure
<p>The zipped file contains global 1-degree grid files of four different surface deformation parameters:</p> <ul> <li>Horizontal velocity, North component (vnorth), in mm/a</li> <li>Horizontal velocity, East component (veast), in mm/a</li> <li>Vertical velocity (vup), in mm/a</li> <li>Geoid change (dgeoid), in mm/a</li> </ul> <p>calculated from a set of 26 different glacial isostatic adjustment models applying 10 different radially varying (=layered) earth structures and 3 different global ice models.</p> <p>The different earth structures and the available combinations with ice models can be found in the readme.pdf.</p> <p>File naming is simply {ice model}_{earth model}_{parameter}.grd. For example, anu-ice_f72_vup.grd is the global vertical velocity grid file calculated with a GIA model with ANU-ICE ice history and 60 km lithospheric thickness, 4E20 Pa s upper mantle viscosity and 2E21 Pa s lower mantle viscosity. Grid files (NetCDF format) were generated with GMT6 (Wessel et al., 2019), thus can be directly used.</p> <p>Ice thickness histories of ICE-6G_C (Argus et al., 20214; Peltier et al., 2015) and ICE-7G_NA (Roy & Peltier, 2017) were downloaded from W. R. Peltier’s data website at the University of Toronto, Canada: <a href="https://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~peltier/data.php">https://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~peltier/data.php</a></p> <p>Note that the velocity field of ICE-6G_C(VM5a) can be compared to the one available from W. R. Peltier’s data website. The files provided here are not a substitute for the ones by W. R. Peltier and colleagues! Analyzing the difference between the files from this work and the ones available on the data website can help getting an error estimate from the two GIA model implementations (see further below). The user will find minor differences in the uplift component but larger ones in far field areas of the horizontal components.</p> <p>ICE-7G_NA(VM7) results are added as complement for interested users. However, note that ICE-7G_NA contains ice thickness history modifications in North America only and a fully global re-optimization of the ice thickness is warranted. Hence, excessive use and interpretation of these grid files, especially on global scale, should be avoided.</p> <p>ANU-ICE is a global 1-degree ice thickness model merged from several regional models (Lambeck, 1995; Fleming & Lambeck, 2004; Lambeck et al., 2010; 2014; 2017) kindly provided by Anthony Lambert and Kurt Lambeck, ANU, Canberra, Australia. The regional models contain differing spatial and temporal resolutions that were unified to fit the global 1-degree spatial resolution at mainly common time steps (500–1000 years). The Antarctic Ice Sheet part contains changes in the last time steps, thus some larger changes in the velocities can be found there.</p> <p>The software ICEAGE (Kaufmann, 2004) is used for calculating the grids, which applies the viscoelastic normal-mode method (Peltier, 1974; Wu, 1978). The sea-level equation is solved in a pseudo-spectral approach (Mitrovica et al., 1994; Mitrovica & Milne, 1998) in an iterative procedure in the spectral domain. See further details in Kaufmann and Lambeck (2000; 2002). The spherical harmonic expansion in the spectral domain is truncated at degree 192, which corresponds to ~1° spatial resolution. The models are spherically symmetric (1D), compressible, with Maxwell-viscoelasticity, rotational feedback, and time-dependent coastlines. The Earth’s core is, as assumed to be inviscid, incorporated as lower boundary condition. Rheological parameters such as depth-dependent density, Young’s modulus, etc., are taken from PREM (Preliminary Reference Earth Model; Dziewonski & Anderson, 1981).</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>HS would like to thank Jeff Freymueller for discussions on model selection.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Argus, D. F., Peltier, W., Drummond, R., Moore, A.W. 2014. The Antarctica component of postglacial rebound model ICE-6G_C (VM5a) based on GPS positioning, exposure age dating of ice thicknesses, and relative sea level histories. Geophysical Journal International 198, 537–563, doi:10.1093/gji/ggu140.</p> <p>Dziewonski, A. M., Anderson, D. L. 1981. Preliminary reference Earth model. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 25, 297–356, doi:10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7.</p> <p>Fleming, K., Lambeck, K. 2004. Constraints on the Greenland ice sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum from sea-level observations and glacial-rebound models. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 1053–1077, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.001.</p> <p>Kaufmann, G. 2004. Program Package ICEAGE, Version 2004. Manuscript. Institut für Geophysik der Universität Göttingen.</p> <p>Kaufmann, G., Lambeck, K., 2000. Mantle dynamics, postglacial rebound and the radial viscosity profile. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 121, 301–324, doi:10.1016/S0031-9201(00)00174-6.</p> <p>Kaufmann, G., Lambeck, K., 2002. Glacial isostatic adjustment and the radial viscosity profile from inverse modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 107, ETG 5-1-ETG 5-15, doi:10.1029/2001JB000941.</p> <p>Lambeck, K. 1995. Late Devensian and Holocene shorelines of the British Isles and North Sea from models of glacio-hydro-isostatic rebound. Journal of the Geological Society London 152, 437–448, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.3.0437.</p> <p>Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Zhao, J., Svensson, N.-O. 2010. The Scandinavian ice sheet: from MIS 4 to the end of the last glacial maximum. Boreas 39 (2), 410–435, doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00140.x.</p> <p>Lambeck, K., Rouby, H., Purcell, A., Sun, Y., Sambridge, M. 2014. Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 (43), 15296–15303, doi:10.1073/pnas.1411762111.</p> <p>Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Zhao, J. 2017. The North American Late Wisconsin ice sheet and mantle viscosity from glacial rebound analyses. Quaternary Science Reviews 158, 172–210, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.11.033.</p> <p>Mitrovica, J. X., Davis, J. L., Shapiro, I. I. 1994. A spectral formalism for computing three–dimensional deformations due to surface loads: 1. Theory. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 99(B4), 7057–7073, doi:10.1029/93JB03128.</p> <p>Mitrovica, J. X., Milne, G. A. 1998. Glaciation-induced perturbations in the Earth’s rotation: a new appraisal. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 103, 985–1005, doi:10.1029/97JB02121.</p> <p>Peltier, W. R. 1974. The impulse response of a Maxwell Earth. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 12(4), 649–669, doi:10.1029/RG012i004p00649.</p> <p>Peltier, W., Argus, D., Drummond, R. 2015. Space geodesy constrains ice age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 120, 450–487, doi:10.1002/2014JB011176.</p> <p>Roy, K., Peltier, W. R. 2017. Space-geodetic and water level gauge constraints on continental uplift and tilting over North America: regional convergence of the ICE-6G_C (VM5a/VM6) models. Geophysical Journal International 210(2), 1115-1142, doi:10.1093/gji/ggx156.</p> <p>Wessel, P., Luis, J. F., Uieda, L., Scharroo, R., Wobbe, F., Smith, W. H. F., Tian, D. 2019. The Generic Mapping Tools version 6. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20, 5556–5564, doi:10.1029/2019GC008515.</p> <p>Wu P. 1978. The response of a Maxwell earth to applied surface mass loads: glacial isostatic adjustment. MSc thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</p>
Can Archean Impact Structures be Discovered? A Case Study from Earth's Largest, Most Deeply Eroded Impact Structure. Additional Data.
<p>Modeling inputs: Input files for iSALE. </p> <p>Code: Files for Matlab. </p> <p>Out: Graphs and tabulated results. </p>
Data from: Dynamic pore structure evolution of the ion adsorbed rare earth ore during the ion exchange process
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Legacy of Amazonian Dark Earth soils on forest structure and species composition
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Generated datasets for Yue et al. (2020, Earth and Space Science): "Combining In-situ and Satellite Observations to Understand the Vertical Structure of Tropical Anvil Cloud Microphysical Properties During the TC4 Experiment"
<p>This archive contains the data sets generated from the research conducted by Yue et al. (2020) titled "Combining In-situ and Satellite Observations to Understand the Vertical Structure of Tropical Anvil Cloud Microphysical Properties During the TC4 Experiment" published in Earth and Space Science. The method to generated the following data sets is described in Yue et al. (2020) and stored as Matlab .mat files.</p> <p>CombiningTC4_Satellite_eof_cov_mat.mat contains the correlation matrix shown in Figure 1a.</p> <p>TC4_processed.mat contains the correlation matrix shown in Figure 1b.</p> <p>RO_processed.mat contains the correlation matrix shown in Figure 2a.</p> <p>RVOD_processed.mat contains the correlation matrix shown in Figure 2b.</p> <p>ICE_processed.mat contains the correlation matrix shown in Figure 2c.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Structure evolution and dynamics of CaSiO3 melt at Earth's mantle conditions from deep potential simulations
<p>This repository contains data used in "Structure evolution and dynamics of CaSiO3 melt at Earth’s mantle conditions from deep potential simulations"</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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