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Fig. 12 in Revision of the aperturally dentate Charopidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) of southern Africa - genus Afrodonta s. lat., with description of five new genera, twelve new species and one new subspecies

Fig. 12. Shells of Costulodonta gen. nov. species. A–D. C. pluridens gen. et sp. nov., holotype, diameter 1.8 mm (NMSA V5920/T4267). E–G. C. trilamellaris (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908) gen. et comb. nov., paralectotype, Dargle, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 1.45 mm (NMSA 2181/T624).

Fig. 11 in Revision of the aperturally dentate Charopidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) of southern Africa - genus Afrodonta s. lat., with description of five new genera, twelve new species and one new subspecies

Fig. 11. Distribution of Costulodonta gen. nov. species. C. acinaces (Connolly, 1933) gen. et comb. nov. (green square), C. bidens gen. et sp. nov. (turquoise squares), C. burnupi (Connolly, 1933) gen. et comb. nov. (orange square) C. pluridens gen. et sp. nov. (pink squares), C. trilamellaris (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908) gen. et comb. nov. (royal blue square). Contour at 1000 m.

Fig. 9 in Revision of the aperturally dentate Charopidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) of southern Africa - genus Afrodonta s. lat., with description of five new genera, twelve new species and one new subspecies

Fig. 9. Distribution of Amatholedonta bimunita (Connolly, 1939) gen. et comb. nov. (green circles), Am. fordycei gen. et sp. nov. (blue circles) and Biomphalodonta forticostata gen. et sp. nov. (orange squares). Contour at 1000 m.

Fig. 8 in Revision of the aperturally dentate Charopidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) of southern Africa - genus Afrodonta s. lat., with description of five new genera, twelve new species and one new subspecies

Fig. 8. Shells of Amatholedonta gen. nov. and Biomphalodonta gen. nov. species. A–D. Amatholedonta bimunita (Connolly, 1939) gen. et comb. nov., Hogsback, E. Cape, diameter 2.0 mm (NMSA W6658). E–H. Am. fordycei gen. et sp. nov., holotype, diameter 1.84 mm (NMSA W6668/T4270). I–L. Biomphalodonta forticostata gen. et sp. nov., holotype, diameter 2.13 mm (NMSA V6949/T4261). M–O. B. forticostata gen. et sp. nov., paratype, large specimen, diameter 2.7 mm (NMSA V4886/T4262).

Fig. 7 in Revision of the aperturally dentate Charopidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) of southern Africa - genus Afrodonta s. lat., with description of five new genera, twelve new species and one new subspecies

Fig. 7. Shells of Afrodonta species. A–D. Afrodonta pentodon sp. nov., holotype, diameter 1.45 mm (NMSA V6950/T4239). E–G. Afrodonta unilamellaris Connolly, 1933, Mfongosi, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 1.52 mm (NMSA A9186).

FIGURE 6 in CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARGENTINIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOSTRYX (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

FIGURE 6: (A) Character 58. Penis sheath and retractor penis muscle (arrow). (B) Characters 59, 60. Inner wall sculpture in distal portion of the penis. (C) Character 61. Inner wall sculpture in proximal portion of the penis. (D) Characters 62-64. Inner wall sculpture in proximal portion of the penis. (E) Character 68. Inner wall sculpture in duct of bursa copulatrix. (F) Character 69. Inner wall sculpture in epiphallus. (G) Characters 71-73. Shape of bursa copulatrix duct in proximal, middle and distal portion. (H) Characters 70, 75-77. Shape of penis, position of penis retractor muscle and thickness and position of vas deferens. Abbreviations: I: number of area; II: number of area; bc: bursa copulatrix; bd: bursa copulatrix duct; dp: distal portion; mp: middle portion; p: penis; pp: proximal portion; ps: penis sheath; prm: penis retractor muscle; s: smooth inner wall; sf: straight folds; vd: vas deferent; zzf: zigzag folds.

FIGURE 5 in CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARGENTINIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOSTRYX (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

FIGURE 5: Reproductive system dissected out. (A) Character 48. Length of bursa copulatrix duct in relation to spermoviduct length. (B) Characters 49, 54. Length of flagellum in relation to epiphallus length and external transition from epiphallus to penis. (C) Characters 50, 51. Inner wall sculpture of flagellum. (D) Character 52. Length of epiphallus in relation to penis length. (E) Character 53. Shape of epiphallus. (F) Characters 55, 56, 67. Phallic complex showing the thinning in the middle portion of penis and a vas deferens in relation to penis sheath. (G) Character 57. Length of penis sheath in relation to penis length. Abbreviations: bc: bursa copulatrix; bd: bursa copulatrix duct; dp: distal portion; ep: epiphallus; f: flagellum; p: penis; pp: proximal portion; ps: penis sheath; s: spermoviduct; t: thinner middle section.

FIGURE 4 in CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARGENTINIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOSTRYX (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

FIGURE 4: Pallial system dissected out. (A) Character 38. Length of kidney in relation to total pulmonary roof length. (B) Characters 39, 40, 42. Degree of occlusion of secondary ureter. (C) Characters 40. Position of secondary ureter opening. Reproductive system dissected out. (D) Characters 43, 45, 46. Vagina inner wall sculpture. (E) Characters 47, 74. Shape and length of vagina in relation to penis length. Abbreviations: ap.su: aperture of secondary ureter; ia: interramus area; k: kidney; p: penis; pr: pulmonary roof; su: secondary ureter; v: vagina.

FIGURE 3 in CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARGENTINIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOSTRYX (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

FIGURE 3: (A) Character 25. Lateral view of Bostryx martinezi (Hylton Scott, 1965) (0) and Bostryx willinki Weyrauch, 1964 (1). (B) Character 26. Lateral view of Bostryx pastorei (Holmberg, 1912) (0) and Bostryx peristomatus (Doering, 1879) (1). (C) Character 27. Ventral view of Bostryx roselleus Miranda & Cuezzo, 2014 (0) and Bostryx scaber (Parodiz, 1948) (1). (D) Characters 30-34. Microsculpture of protoconch of B. peristomatus (0) and B. scaber (1). (E) Character 35. Ventral view of the shell showing aperture in Bostryx torallyi (d'Orbigny, 1835) (0) and a presence of apertural teeth (arrow) in Plagiodontes daedaleus (Parodiz, 1946) (1). (F) Character 36. Lateral view of Bostryx mendozanus (Strobel, 1874) (0) and Bostryx solutus Troschel, 1847 (1), showing the presence of carina (arrow). (G) Character 37. Carina around of umbilicus in B. peristomatus (0) and around of whorl in Bostryx cuyanus (Pfeiffer, 1867) (1) (arrows). Abbreviations: as: axial sculpture; ss: spiral sculpture.

FIGURE 8 in CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARGENTINIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOSTRYX (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

FIGURE 8: Optimal tree obtained from the matrix under implied weighting. Numbers within empty squares are node numbers. Symmetric Resampling support (left), Absolute (middle) and Relative (right) Bremer support scores are the numbers in below nodes. Black squares are synapomorphies.

FIGURE 7 in CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARGENTINIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOSTRYX (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

FIGURE 7: Cladogram showing relationships of the Bostryx with Odontostomidae and remaining Bulimulidae. Numbers within empty squares are node numbers. Symmetric Resampling support (left), Absolute (middle) and Relative (right) Bremer support scores are the numbers in below nodes. Black squares are synapomorphies.

FIGURE 1 in CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARGENTINIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOSTRYX (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

FIGURE 1: Continuous characters: Shell measurements. Abbreviations: ad: apertural diameter; ah: apertural height; ap: apertural perimeter; asa: apertural surface area; bwh: body whorl height; bwp: body whorl perimeter; bwsa: body whorl surface area; mad: major diameter; mid: minor diameter; ps: parietal space length; pwd: penultimate whorl diameter; pwh: penultimate whorl height; sh: spire height; sp: spire perimeter; ssa: spire surface area; th: total height; tp: total perimeter; tsa: total surface area.

FIG. 6. — A in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 6. — A, Palaeoglandina aquensis (Matheron, 1843) from Aix (Burdigalian, Aix Basin), MHNM 6034.9314.1; B, P. galloprovincialis (Matheron, 1843) from Peyrolles (Tortonian, Durance Basin), MHNM 6034.9317.1; C1, C2, P. montenati Truc, 1971 from Quibas (Calabrian, Quibas site), MVHN-180222GM05; D1, D2, P. aquensis var. obtusa (Depéret, 1890), UCBL-FSL 148027; E1, E2, P. gracilis (Zieten, 1832), NHMW 2013/0572/0040; F1, F2, P. taurinensis (Sacco, 1886), BS.093.02.001; G, P. turolensis n. sp., MAP-8420, detail of protoconch; H, P. gracilis (Zieten, 1832), NHMW 2013/0572/0040, detail of protoconch; I, P. taurinensis (Sacco, 1886), BS.093.02.001, detail of protoconch;J, P. montenati Truc,1971 from Quibas,MVHN-180222GM05,detail of protoconch. Scale bars: A-F,10 mm; G,1 mm; H-J, 2 mm.

FIG. 2. — A in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 2. — A, Shell measurements, following Solem & Climo (1985), and arrangement of landmarks (large circles) and semi-landmarks (small dots). The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of points for each of the two semi-landmark curves. See text for abbreviations. B, Protoconch measurements, following Verduin (1977). Abbreviations: N, nucleus; P/T boundary, protoconch/teleoconch boundary. Scale bar: A, 5 mm; B, 6 mm.

FIG. 4. — A, Palaeoglandina turolensis n in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 4. — A, Palaeoglandina turolensis n. sp. from La Gloria 4 (Ruscinian, Teruel Basin): A1-A3, MAP-8405, holotype; B, MAP-8406, paratype; C, MAP-8407, paratype; D, MAP-8408, paratype; E, MAP-8409, paratype; F, MAP-8410, paratype; G, MAP-8411, paratype; H, MAP-8412, paratype; I, MAP-8413, paratype; J, MAP-8414, paratype; K, MAP-8415; L, MAP-8416; M, MAP-8417; N, MAP-8418; O, MAP-8419. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 3 in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 3. — Results of the morphometric analyses: A, principal components analysis of the Procrustes shape coordinates; shown are the first three axes explaining 88.5% of the total variance; B, thin-plate spline deformation grid illustrating the extreme values for each principal component; deformations were magnified to a factor of 2 to highlight variation of distinct traits; C, reconstructed mean shapes for all material as well as across specimens for each locality.

FIG. 5. — A-D, O, Palaeoglandina turolensis n in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 5. — A-D, O, Palaeoglandina turolensis n. sp. from Orrios 1 (Ruscinian, Teruel Basin): A, O, MAP-8421; B, MAP-8422; C, MAP-8423; D, MAP-8424; E-L, N, P. turolensis n. sp. from Los Aljezares (Turolian, Teruel Basin): E, 040822JA01; F, N, 040822JA02; G, MGM-3723; H, MNCNI-28900-D; I, MNCNI-28900-A; J, MGM-118M; K, MNCNI-28900-E; L, MNCNI-11300-E; M, P. turolensis n. sp. from La Gloria 4, MAP-8405. Scale bars: A-J, 10 mm; M-O, 6 mm.

FIG. 1 in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 1. — Geographical and geological overview of the studied sites in the Teruel Basin: A, schematic geological map of the Teruel Basin region indicating the areas in which the studied sites are located (modified after Ezquerro et al. 2022a); B, C, detailed locations of the Los Aljezares (AL), La Gloria 4 (LG4) and Orrios 1 (OR1) sites. Underlying images © Google Maps 2023, CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies.

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Figs 127-134 in Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) in the Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva

Figs 127-134. Orthalicidae. (127) Kara viriata (Morelet, 1863), syntype, MHNG-INVE-78772 (H = 58.7). (128) Kara yanamensis (Morelet, 1863), syntype, MHNG-INVE-60202 (H = 55.4). (129) Scholvienia jaspidea (Morelet, 1863), syntype, MHNG-INVE-60211 (H = 47.2). (130) Orthalicus phlogerus (d'Orbigny, 1835), syntype, MHNG-INVE-64982 (H = 47.2). (131-132) Orthalicus zigzag (Lamarck, 1822), syntype, MHNG-INVE-51144 (H = 50.1). (133-134) Liguus fasciatus (Müller, 1774), (133) paratype of Liguus fasciatus viridis Clench, 1934, MHNG-INVE-64933 (H = 55.8), (134) paratype of Liguus crenatus barbouri Clench, 1929, MHNG-INVE-64938 (H = 43.2).