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Fig. 5 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 5. Accumulation of cadavers in the area with agonistic interaction between ants and termites. At the end of the fight, ants and termites sealed the area to prevent further contact.

Fig. 4 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 4. Termites inside the ant arena. Afer the termite group accessed parts of the ant tunnel system, ants rapidly sealed all connections to prevent direct interaction.

Fig. 3. Sealing and walling off the access point between the 2 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 3. Sealing and walling off the access point between the 2 species where both termites and ants are depositing sand particles to create a physical sepa- ration with little to no casualties. A) in the tube between the arenas, B) at the entrance of the arena.

Fig. 2 in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 2. Arena setup for the competition experiment. On the lef, the arena contains the group of P. megacephala, while on the right, the arena contains the group of C. formosanus. Both arenas are connected by a tube (30 cm).

Fig. 1. A in Territorial status-quo between the big-headed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Fig. 1. A) Abandoned lot in a residential area in Ft Lauderdale, Florida. Scale bar = 1 m. B) Under the woodblock on the ground, P. megacephala had a nest structure with a large brood (circled on the right), while within 5 cm, separated by an insect-made soil barrier, C. formosanus had a tunneling structure (circled on the lef), here a fecal deposit, at the interface between the soil and the woodblock. The observed agonism between the 2 species was the result of the disturbance when the woodblock was lifed, however, both species were previously observed one year before at this exact location, showing that the proximity between the 2 species can be stable over time. Scale bar = 2cm.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

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[DATA LINK] Clearing the way to the external world: do ants make optimal decisions when removing obstacles from their subterranean galleries?

Data repository of the submitted paper: “Clearing the way to the external world: do ants make optimal decisions when removing obstacles from their subterranean galleries?” Authors : Louis Devers (0009-0001-3726-1891), Clémentine Cléradin, Zoé Bescond-Michel, Gérard Latil and Vincent Fourcassié (0000-0002-3605-6351). Contains : <ul> <li>Extraction.csv  [database] : the observed orientations of the obstacle extraction</li> <li>Traction.csv [database] : censing the orientation of mandibular grasps and effective pulls observed</li> <li>Model_traction.csv [database] : censing the orientation of virtual pulls</li> <li>Model_extraction.csv [database] : censing the orientation of virtual extraction, resulting from sequential tractions presented in model_traction.csv</li> <li>TreatmentAndGraphs [R script] : script including statistical analysis, and survival analysis graphs</li> </ul>

Figure 7 in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 7. Micro-CT comparison of replete worker and soldier (scaled) showing how the crop (blue asterisk) occupies most of the abdomen: 60% in workers, 92% in soldiers (calculated from three perpendicular axes). The crop of the soldier (0.306 mm3) is 25 times larger than the crop of the worker (0.012 mm3). Notice how the midgut is squeezed against the exoskeleton by the crop. See figure 8A for a non-replete soldier crop. Pictures were obtained with Drishti and show a superposition of 20 slices.

Figure 5 in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 5. Different stages of burial of a dead mealworm. (a) t = 0, (b) t = 18 hours, (c) t = 96 hours after introduction.

Figure 4 in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 4. Variation of head (a), mesosoma (b) and gaster length (c) between castes in C. perpusilla. Different letters indicate significant differences. N = 8 ants per caste. Error bars indicate standard deviation.

Figure 2 in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 2. Workers moved soil pellets in the tiny void between glass and plaster to create barricades around the nest (a). Close-up of the brood (b), and workers carrying soil pellets (C).

Figure 6. Competitive interaction between one C in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 6. Competitive interaction between one C. perpusilla (black arrow) and two P. pygmaea (antennas pointing forwards, red arrow and asterisk). Other P. pygmaea feed on a dead mealworm.

Figure 1 in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 1. Adults and brood of C. perpusilla. Medium larvae (ML) are located at the periphery whereas small (SL) and big larvae (BL) are gathered in the centre.

Figure 8 in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 8. (a) Digestive tract of a C. perpusilla non-replete soldier. (b) Replete queen with the terminal abdomen segments dissected, showing how the crop occupies the entire abdomen.

Figure 3 in Food storage and morphological divergence between worker and soldier castes in a subterranean myrmicine ant, Carebara perpusilla

Figure 3. Comparison of C. perpusilla castes showing worker (top-left), soldier (top-right) and queen (bottom-left). For the queen, a replete gaster was added as an inset (bottom-right, same scale).