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29 results for “Subtropical forest soil”
Data for: The interactive effects of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal association explain spatial variation of diversity-biomass relationships in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Observed biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships are highly variable, particularly in natural forests. However, our understanding of the factors that generate these often contradictory patterns, especially the role of different mycorrhizal associations, is still limited. By relating tree species richness and aboveground biomass (AGB) in a fully-mapped 24-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot, we evaluated the impacts of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal type in mediating BEF relationships at multiple spatial scales. Our results demonstrate a highly positive total richness effect on AGB for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees but a negative effect on AGB for ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees, and their relationships were highly spatial scale dependent. However, the observed BEF relationships turned into positive at small spatial scales (i.e., 10 m and 20 m) after controlling for other confounding factors (i.e., topography, soil fertility, and AM proportion). In addition, we found significant interactions between soil fertility and species richness on AGB. Specifically, the positive effect of total species richness on AGB for major mycorrhizal types gradually weakened with increasing soil fertility, while the positive effect of EcM species richness on AM AGB gradually enhanced at small spatial scales, suggesting the observed diversity effects can be largely attributed to resource niche complementarity and the role of EcM fungi.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. We conclude that the variable BEF relationships among forest communities could be explained by spatial variation in abiotic environments and community mycorrhizal composition because different types of symbionts perform different nutrient uptake strategies and ability in protection from antagonists. Our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of the variation in the shape of BEF relationships in natural forests, which is critical for forest management, conservation, and restoration in a changing world.</span></p>
FIGURE 1 in ANATOLY BOBROV, YANGMIN QIN & RICHARD J. PAYNE (2019) A new testate amoebae species Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. from subtropical forest soils in Wuhan, central China Zootaxa, 4550: 289-294.
FIGURE 1. Outline of Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. (1A, 1B) in ventral and lateral views. (1–6 characters of the shell measured (see Table 1). Scale bar is 50 µm.
Data for: The interactive effects of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal association explain spatial variation of diversity-biomass relationships in a subtropical forest
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Response of humic acids and soil organic matter to vegetation replacement in subtropical high mountain forests
In this study, we used solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy, photometric analyses, and chemical fractionation to examine carbon (C) components and lability of SOM in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation reforested on a cutover primary broadleaf forest in Taiwan. The data was collected in Feb 2014.
Long-term nitrogen addition alters the community and energy channel but not diversity of soil nematodes in a subtropical forest
Summary <ol> <li>Research has indicated that increases in nitrogen (N) deposition can greatly affect ecosystem processes and functions. There is limited information about the effects of long-term N addition on soil nematodes and their functional composition, although nematodes are the most abundant multicellular animals on Earth.</li> <li>We conducted a field experiment in 2004 with four levels of N addition (0, 60, 120, and 240 kg N ha<sup>-1 </sup>yr<sup>-1</sup>) in a subtropical <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> forest. Soil samples with three depths (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm) were collected and the community structure, diversity and trophic groups of soil nematodes were determined in 2014.</li> <li>N addition significantly increased the abundance of bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes, but decreased the abundance of plant-feeding nematodes at the 0-20 cm soil layer. Accordingly, the plant parasite index and enrichment index decreased but the basal index and channel index increased, which weaken the importance of the plant-based energy channel, but enhance the importance of the fungal-based energy channel. N addition had no effects on the diversity of soil nematodes in three soil depths. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that N loading directly changed plant-feeding (total <i>r<sup>2</sup></i>=0.42) nematodes, or indirectly affected bacterial- (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i>=0.43), fungal- (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i>=0.31) and plant-feeding nematodes via change soil nutrients, soil water content and pH.</li> <li>These findings suggest that N addition can change the community structure and energy channels soil nematodes, which would affect soil processes and food web functions in forest soils under future environmental change scenarios.</li> </ol>
Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
<p class="Heading-Main"><span>Tropical and subtropical forests represent the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Elucidating the carbon sources for soil microbial respiration (Rm) in tropical and subtropical forests is of fundamental importance to the global carbon cycle in a warming world. Based on hourly measurements, we quantified Rm of <em>in situ </em>forest soil and soil cores from a subtropical forest. We found recent photosynthates, not soil organic carbon (SOC), contributed 88% ± 12% of the carbon source fueling Rm. The control of recent photosynthates on Rm is also supported by the close relationship between Rm and photosynthetically active radiation as well as literature data synthesis results. These results challenge conventional models based on the tenet that Rm is mainly regulated by soil temperature in all forest ecosystems. The results imply that the widely observed warming-induced Rm increases are largely explained by the enhanced input of recent photosynthates in tropical forests, not SOC consumption.</span></p>
Soil protist functional composition shifts with atmospheric nitrogen deposition in subtropical forests
<p><span>1. </span><span>Soil protist plays a key role in ecological functions through predation and parasitism. However, little is known about how nitrogen (N) deposition and seasonal variations influence soil protist function in forest soils. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Here, we assessed firstly the impacts of N deposition (control, 50 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, 100 kg </span><span>N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup></span><span>, and 150 kg </span><span>N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup></span><span>) on the functional composition of the soil protist community in summer and winter, using amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA from a subtropical natural forest. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>We found that soil protists were dominated by consumers (42.6–51.6%), followed by parasites (32.9–40.9%) and phototrophs (3.2–13.1%), implying a predominant role of consumers and potential top-down effects on the other trophic groups in subtropical forest soils. The functional composition of soil protists was greatly influenced by N deposition, but these responses were dependent on seasonal variations. The diversity of phototrophs was lower in summer than in winter. Instead, an opposite pattern was observed for consumers, resulting in a significantly higher protist diversity in summer than in winter, which indicates a greater sensitivity of soil protists to seasonal variations. Furthermore, low and high N deposition simplified the structural complexity of soil protist communities, suggesting a nonlinear response of the protist structural stability to N deposition.</span></p> <p><span>4. <em>Synthesis and applications.</em></span><span><em> </em>This study provides unprecedented evidence that season variation plays an important role in regulating responses of soil protist functional composition to N deposition, and highlights the nonlinear effects of rising N deposition levels on the soil food web. </span></p>
Long-term nitrogen deposition inhibits soil priming effects by enhancing phosphorus limitation in a subtropical forest
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>It is widely accepted that phosphorus (P) limits microbial metabolic processes and thus soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in tropical forests.</span><span> Global change factors like elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can enhance P limitation, raising concerns about the fate of SOC. However, how elevated N deposition affects the soil priming effect (PE) (<em>i</em>.<em>e</em>., fresh C inputs induced changes in SOC decomposition) in tropical forests remains unclear. We incubated soils exposed to nine years of experimental N deposition in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest with two types of <sup>13</sup>C-labeled substrates of contrasting bioavailability (glucose and cellulose) with and without P amendments. We found that N deposition decreased soil total P and microbial biomass P, suggesting enhanced P limitation. In P unamended soils, N deposition significantly inhibited the PE. In contrast, adding P significantly increased the PE under N deposition and by a larger extent for the PE of cellulose (PE<sub>cellu</sub>) than the PE of glucose (PE<sub>glu</sub>). Relative to adding glucose or cellulose solely, adding P with glucose alleviated the suppression of soil microbial biomass and C-acquiring enzymes induced by N deposition, whereas adding P with cellulose attenuated the stimulation of acid phosphatase induced by N deposition. Across treatments, the PE<sub>glu</sub> increased as C-acquiring enzyme activity increased, whereas the PE<sub>cellu</sub> increased as acid phosphatase activity decreased. This suggests that P limitation, enhanced by N deposition, inhibits the soil PE through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability; that is, P limitation regulates the PE<sub>glu</sub> by affecting soil microbial growth and investment in C acquisition, whereas regulates the PE<sub>cellu</sub> by affecting microbial investment in P acquisition. These findings provide new insights for tropical forests impacted by N loading, suggesting that expected changes in C quality and P limitation can affect the long-term regulation of the soil PE.</span></p>
Correlations between dominant vegetation type and composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Single and mixed vegetation types have significant effects on soil parameters and the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities.</span><span> To understand the influence of different vegetation types on the structure of soil bacterial community across soil depth in a subtropical forest, we assessed the relative abundance of edaphic bacterial community and soil parameters, including pH, </span><span>cation exchange capacity</span><span> (CEC), and d</span><span>issolved organic carbon</span><span> (DOC) </span><span>in Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve in Fujian Province, southeastern China. The study area constitutes pine coniferous forest (CF) of <em>pinus taiwanensis</em>, broad-leaved forest (BF) of <em>castanopsis fabri</em>, and a mixed forest comprising CF and BF (MF). Quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA were used to analyze the abundance, diversity, and composition of soil bacteria. </span><span>The results showed that the pH, CEC and diversity of tree species are all associated with the composition of the bacterial community in the soil.</span> <span>It was found that CEC, soluble</span><span> organic nitrogen (</span><span>DON) and pH largely affected the structure of soil bacterial community in A horizon, whereas CEC, moisture content (MC) and </span><span>organic phosphorus</span><span> (OP) affected the structure of soil bacterial community in B horizon. </span><span>We found that the dominant taxa in the CF and BF were <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Acidobacteria</em>, respectively. The results of both mental and random forest (RF) analyses displayed groups according to vegetation types, indicating that the bacterial communities in the research site were significantly influenced by vegetation types in subtropical forests. </span><span>The study highlights the ecological effects of forest management and elucidates the differences in the functional structure of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation types and soil depths.</span></p>
Data from: Litter quality controls tradeoffs in soil carbon decomposition and replenishment in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Species-rich forests can produce litter of varying carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) composition (<em>i.e</em>., quality), which can affect decomposition and play a central role in long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. However, how differences in litter quality affect SOC decomposition and formation remains unclear over the full litter decomposition trajectory. </span></p> <p><span>We followed the <em>in-situ</em> complete decomposition of added <sup>13</sup>C-labelled high- (low C:N) and low-quality (high C:N) leaf-litter and its effect on particulate (POM) and mineral-associated (MAOM) organic matter fractions over two years in a natural subtropical forest.</span></p> <p><span>We found that during early stages of decomposition</span><span>, low-quality litter inputs decreased SOC via a positive priming effect (i.e., new C inputs favored decomposition of native SOC), but these SOC losses were offset by SOC gains observed via a negative priming effect during decomposition of high-quality litter. In contrast, this pattern reversed during </span><span>late</span><span> stages of decomposition</span><span>—SOC losses via a positive priming effect induced by </span><span>high-quality litter were offset by SOC gains via a negative priming effect induced by low-quality litter. </span><span>Over the full decomposition of litter, b</span><span>oth high- and low-quality litter stimulated</span><span> microbial breakdown of SOC tied to POM,</span><span> but </span><span>also replenished more persistent SOC that associated with soil minerals (MAOM).</span><span> Altogether, we observed</span><span> that low-quality litter formed twice as much new SOC as high-quality litter (24% vs. 12% of added litter-C). We extend the notion of the priming effect </span><span>from primarily a negative role promoting losses of native SOC, to a functional role that can replenish persistent SOC.</span> </p> <p><strong><em><span>Synthesis</span></em></strong><span><strong><em>.</em></strong> Our measurements</span><span> raise the possibility that, in species-rich forests, high- and low-quality litter decomposition play opposite but dynamically complementary roles in renewing POM—both by inducing its decomposition and formation—while exclusively favoring MAOM formation, which can help explain how differences in litter quality favor SOC accumulation and persistence. Global change factors that shift plant community composition may ultimately affect the fate of soil C, as changes in litter quality may force soil transitions </span><span>from sinks to sources or sources to sinks of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>.</span></p>
Data from: Soil moisture mediates the effect of plant belowground carbon allocation on the decomposition of root litter in a subtropical forest
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Data from: Litter quality controls tradeoffs in soil carbon decomposition and replenishment in a subtropical forest
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Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
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Mycorrhiza-dependent drivers of the positive rhizosphere effects on the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
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Soil protist functional composition shifts with atmospheric nitrogen deposition in subtropical forests
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Data from: Long-term drought triggers contrasting responses of foliar stable nitrogen isotopes and soil available nitrogen in a subtropical forest
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Long-term nitrogen deposition inhibits soil priming effects by enhancing phosphorus limitation in a subtropical forest
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Soil microbial influences over coexistence in multispecies plant communities in a subtropical forest
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Correlations between dominant vegetation type and composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in a subtropical forest
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Long-term nitrogen addition alters the community and energy channel but not diversity of soil nematodes in a subtropical forest
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.