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4 results for “Supercells thunderstorms”
ARMOR and NALMA data corresponding to "Observations of anomalous charge structures in supercell thunderstorms in the Southeastern United States"
<p>Dataset includes dual-polarization C-band University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) Advanced Radar for Meteorological and Operational Research (ARMOR) data in Raw and quality-controlled Universal Format (UF) from a selected period on 10 April 2009 as well as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (NALMA) data in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format from selected period on 10 April 2009. </p> <p>The ARMOR is located at the Huntsville International Airport in Huntsville, Alabama at 34.64597, -86.77131, 200 m MSL. A set of 15 radar sampling volumes between 1712 UTC and 1821 UTC on 10 April 2009 are included in the dataset. Each of the raw and corrected UF files contains horizontal reflectivity (dBZ), differential reflectivity (dB), Doppler velocity (m s<sup>-1</sup>), spectrum width (m s<sup>-1</sup>), differential phase (°), and total power (dBZ) data. The corrected UF files additionally contain horizontal reflectivity and differential reflectivity data corrected for attenuation and differential attenuation following the methods of Bringi et al. (2001). The corrected files also contain estimated differential propagation phase (°) and computed specific differential phase (° km<sup>-1</sup>) data (Hubbert and Bringi 1995). </p> <p> </p> <p>ARMOR file naming conventions are as follows: </p> <p> </p> <p>RAW_NA_000_125_20090410171216.gz</p> <p>RAW: file format</p> <p>125: can scan type, where 125 indicates a full or sector volume plan position indicator </p> <p>20090410171216: date and time in the order of year, month, day, hour, minute, and second</p> <p> </p> <p>ARMOR_20090410171216_qc1.uf.gz</p> <p>ARMOR: radar name</p> <p>20090410171216: date and time in the order of year (YYYY), month (MM), day (DD), hour (HH), minute (MM), and second (SS)</p> <p>qc1: denotes ARMOR processed data</p> <p>uf: denotes the file format </p> <p> </p> <p>NALMA data consist of undecimated VHF source-level lightning measurements in hourly files. The center of the network is located at 34.72461, -86.64533. The network consisted of 11 sensors distributed throughout north Alabama and south-central Tennessee. Information about contributing stations is available in the header of each hourly file, including the station location, status, and the number of sources detected by each station. Further network-specific information documented by Koshak et al. (2004) while Rison et al. (1999) discuss LMA characteristics.</p> <p>Source data include information about the time the source was detected (UTC seconds of the day), latitude and longitude (decimal degrees), altitude (m), reduced chi<sup>2</sup> value associated with post-processing (unitless), power (dBW), and a network mask indicating the detecting stations (unitless). The format is (f15.9 f10.6 f11.6f 7.1 f5.2 f5.1 4x). </p> <p> </p> <p>Hourly file naming conventions are as follows:</p> <p> </p> <p>LYLOUT_090410_160000_3600.dat.gz</p> <p>LYLOUT: LMA file designator</p> <p>090410: date in order of last two digits of year (YY), month (MM), and day (DD)</p> <p>160000: time in order of hour (HH), minute (MM), and second (SS)</p> <p>3600: length of period covered in file in seconds (3600 s = 1 hour)</p> <p> </p> <p>Acknowledgments: </p> <p>Data were collected with support from NASA MSFC Award NNM05AA22A.</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Bringi, V. N., Keenan, T. D., & Chandrasekar, V. (2001). Correcting C-band radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity data for rain attenuation: A self-consistent method with constraints. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, <em>39</em>(9), 1906–1915. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.951081</p> <p>Hubbert, J., and V. N. Bringi, 1995: An iterative filtering technique for the analysis of copolar differential phase and dual-frequency radar measurements. <em>Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology</em>, <strong>12</strong>, 643–648. </p> <p>Koshak, W. J., Solakiewicz, R. J., Blakeslee, R. J., Goodman, S. J., Christian, H. J., Hall, J. M., … Cecil, D. J. (2004). North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA): VHF source retrieval algorithm and error analyses. <em>Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology</em>, <em>21</em>(4), 543–558. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0543:NALMAL>2.0.CO;2</p> <p>Rison, W., Thomas, R. J., Krehbiel, P. R., Hamlin, T., & Harlin, J. (1999). A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in Central New Mexico. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>26</em>(23), 3573–3576.</p>
ARMOR and NALMA data corresponding to 2008 storms analyzed in "Examining conditions supporting the development of anomalous charge structures in supercell thunderstorms in the Southeastern United States"
<p>Total lightning and dual-polarization Doppler velocity data are available from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (NALMA) and the C-band University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) Advanced Radar for Meteorological and Operational Research (ARMOR), respectively, over selected periods on 6 February 2008 and 11 April 2008. NALMA data are provided in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format and ARMOR data are provided in Raw and quality-controlled Universal Format (UF), where quality control methods are described below. </p> <p> </p> <p>The NALMA data are provided in hourly files which include undecimated point location (source-level) data corresponding to the detection of very high frequency (VHF) radiation emitted during the breakdown of lightning (Rison et al., 1999; Thomas et al., 2001). Source locations were reported from active sensors configured in an 11-sensor array distributed throughout North Alabama and South Central Tennessee, the center of which is located at 34.72641, -86.64533 (Koshak et al. 2004). Data files include information on the time that each source was detected (UTC seconds of the day), the latitude, longitude, and altitude of each source’s location (decimal degrees and m, respectively), the reduced chi<sup>2</sup> value associated with data processing (unitless), a station mask indicating which sensors contributed to the resolved location of each source (unitless). These data are provided in a line-by-line format of (f15.9 f10.6 f11.6f 7.1 f5.2 f5.1 4x). The 2008 data files additionally include a header section that provides further information about each sensor in the network and its relative contribution to the dataset. </p> <p> </p> <p>The hourly fine naming conventions are as follows for the February 2008 data:</p> <p>LMA_NA_6.2_125_2008-02-06_10-00-00.dat.gz</p> <p>LMA_NA: LMA file designator corresponding to the NALMA</p> <p>2008-02-06: year (YYYY)-month (MM)-day (DD)</p> <p>10-00-00: UTC time, (HH)-minute (MM)-second (SS)</p> <p> </p> <p>And for the April 2008 data:</p> <p>LYLOUT_080411_180000_3600.dat.gz</p> <p>LYLOUT: LMA file designator</p> <p>080411: date in order of last two digits of year (YY), month (MM), and day (DD)</p> <p>180000: UTC time in order of hour (HH), minute (MM), and second (SS)</p> <p>3600: length of period covered in file in seconds (3600 s = 1 hour)</p> <p> </p> <p>ARMOR data are provided as sets of 14 (14) sampling volumes corresponding to the 6 February 2008 (11 April 2008) periods between 1002 UTC and 1119 UTC (1844 UTC and 1952 UTC). Each RAW and processed UF file contains horizontal reflectivity (dBZ), differential reflectivity (dB), Doppler velocity (m s<sup>-1</sup>), spectrum width (m s<sup>-1</sup>), differential phase (º), and total power (dBZ) data. Horizontal reflectivity and differential reflectivity data were corrected for attenuation and differential attenuation, differential propagation phase (º) was estimated, and specific differential phase (º km<sup>-1</sup>) was calculated during post-processing (Hubbert and Bringi 1995, Bringi et al. 2001).</p> <p> </p> <p>Acknowledgments: </p> <p>NALMA data were collected with support from NASA MSFC Award NNM05AA22A.</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Bringi, V. N., Keenan, T. D., & Chandrasekar, V. (2001). Correcting C-band radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity data for rain attenuation: A self-consistent method with constraints. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, <em>39</em>(9), 1906–1915. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.951081</p> <p>Hubbert, J., and V. N. Bringi, 1995: An iterative filtering technique for the analysis of copolar differential phase and dual-frequency radar measurements. <em>Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology</em>, <strong>12</strong>, 643–648. </p> <p>Koshak, W. J., Solakiewicz, R. J., Blakeslee, R. J., Goodman, S. J., Christian, H. J., Hall, J. M., … Cecil, D. J. (2004). North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA): VHF source retrieval algorithm and error analyses. <em>Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology</em>, <em>21</em>(4), 543–558. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0543:NALMAL>2.0.CO;2</p> <p>Rison, W., Thomas, R. J., Krehbiel, P. R., Hamlin, T., & Harlin, J. (1999). A GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: Initial observations in Central New Mexico. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>26</em>(23), 3573–3576.</p> <p>Thomas, R. J., Krehbiel, P. R., Hamlin, T., Harlin, J., & Shown, D. (2001). Observations of VHF source powers radiated by lightning. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>28</em>(1), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011464</p> <p> </p>
Numerical simulation of supercell thunderstorms (at 50 meter resolution) associated with above anvil cirrus plumes
<p>Four-dimensional data from high-resolution simulations (50 meter grid spacing) of supercell thunderstorms conducted on the Frontera supercomputer are contained in this archive. Output from two simulations is included, named "Strong" and "Weak". In the Strong simulation, data from parcel trajectories is also included. </p> <p>The four-dimensional (time, and three dimensions of space) data and parcel data is saved in Network Common Data Format (NetCDF), version 4, an open-source self-describing scientific data format commonly used in the atmospheric sciences. </p>
Numerical simulation of supercell thunderstorms (at 50 meter resolution) associated with above anvil cirrus plumes
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