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30 results for “Supercolony”
Data from: Unexpected absence of a multiple-queen supergene haplotype from supercolonial populations of Formica ants
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Dominance of a highly invasive ant is limited to the nesting territory of its supercolony
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Data from: Social immunity in a supercolonial invasive ant: Nest structure confers immune function
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Data from: Desiccation resistance and micro-climate adaptation: cuticular hydrocarbon signatures of different Argentine ant supercolonies across California
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Data from: Mosaic structure of native ant supercolonies
According to the inclusive fitness theory, some degree of positive relatedness is required for the evolution and maintenance of altruism. However, ant colonies are sometimes large interconnected networks of nests which are genetically homogenous entities, causing a putative problem for the theory. We studied spatial structure and genetic relatedness in two supercolonies of the ant Formica exsecta, by using nuclear and mitochondrial markers. We show that there may be multiple pathways to supercolonial social organization leading to different spatial genetic structures. One supercolony formed a genetically homogenous population dominated by a single mtDNA haplotype, as expected if founded by a small number of colonizers, followed by nest propagation by budding and domination of the habitat patch. The other supercolony had several haplotypes and the spatial genetic structure was a mosaic of nuclear and mitochondrial clusters. Genetic diversity probably originated from long-range dispersal, and the mosaic population structure is likely a result of stochastic short-range dispersal of individuals. Such a mosaic spatial structure is apparently discordant with the current knowledge about the integrity of ant colonies. Relatedness was low in both populations when estimated among nestmates, but increased significantly when estimated among individuals sharing the same genetic cluster or haplogroup. The latter association indicates the important historical role of queen dispersal in the determination of the spatial genetic structure.
Figs. 8 11 in Four species within the supercolonial ants of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex revealed by integrative taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figs. 8 11: Tapinoma darioi sp.n. (8 10) Holotype worker. (8) Head in dorsal aspect; pubescence partially abraded. (9) Mesosoma in lateral aspect. (10) Clypeus in dorsofrontal aspect; pubescence partially abraded. (11) Paratype male from the holotype's nest: genital in ventral aspect.
Fig. 5 in Four species within the supercolonial ants of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex revealed by integrative taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 5: NCWard dendrogram of male nest samples of Tapinoma nigerrimum (black branches), T. darioi sp.n. (green), T. ibericum (red) and T. magnum (blue) considering seven NUMOBAT characters.
Fig. 4 in Four species within the supercolonial ants of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex revealed by integrative taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 4: NCWard dendrogram of worker nest samples of Tapinoma darioi sp.n. (red branches) and T. ibericum (black branches) considering 15 NUMOBAT characters. The classification error relative to the controlling LDA is here 1.4% whereas it is 0% and 6.6% in NCNMDSKmeans and NCKmeans clustering, respectively.
Fig. 3 in Four species within the supercolonial ants of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex revealed by integrative taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 3: NCWard dendrogram of worker nest samples of Tapinoma magnum (red branches) and ofT.darioi sp.n. plus T. ibericum (black branches) considering 15 NUMOBAT characters unselectively. The classification error relative to the controlling LDA is here as large as 5.0% whereas it is only 0.7% both in NCNMDSKmeans and NCKmeans clustering.
Fig. 7a in Four species within the supercolonial ants of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex revealed by integrative taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 7a: Map of all collecting sites of the NUMOBAT study. White discs = Tapinoma darioi sp.n. black discs = T. magnum, white triangles = T. nigerrimum, black triangles = T. ibericum. For a closeup view of heavily sampled areas see Fig. 7b. Fig. 7b: Map of samples used in the NUMOBAT study, showing the intensively sampled areas of France and Italy, as well as the Tapinoma dario sp.n. samples clustering with T. magnum in the mtDNA phylogenetic tree. Asterisk = T. darioi sp.n. with T. magnum COI; white discs = T. darioi sp.n., black discs = T. magnum, white triangles = T. nigerrimum.
Data from: Mosaic structure of native ant supercolonies
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Limited dispersal and an unexpected aggression pattern in a native supercolonial ant
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Figure 1 from: Seifert B (2020) Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. – a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67(2): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199
Figure 1 Surface of posterior part of 1st gaster tergite of a worker of Plagiolepis taurica ( a) and Pl. schmitzii (b).
Figure 5 from: Seifert B (2020) Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. – a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67(2): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199
Figure 5 Results of four variants of NC-clustering: NC-Ward (hierarchical, tree shown), NC-part.hclust (hierarchical), NC-part.kmeans (iterative vector-quantisation), NC-NMDS (non-metric scaling) ; 21 nest samples of Plagiolepis schmitzii (grey bars) and of 20 nest samples of Pl. atlantis (black bars). Outliers in NC-part.hclust are given by the white gap.
Figure 3 from: Seifert B (2020) Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. – a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67(2): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199
Figure 3 Lateral aspect of a worker of Plagiolepis schmitzii (image from AntWeb, 2020: CASENT0906252, photographer E. Ortega).
Figure 4 from: Seifert B (2020) Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. – a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67(2): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199
Figure 4 Dorsal aspect of a worker of Plagiolepis schmitzii (image from AntWeb 2020: CASENT0906252, photographer E. Ortega).
Figure 2 from: Seifert B (2020) Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. – a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67(2): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199
Figure 2 Head of a worker of Plagiolepis schmitzii (image from AntWeb, 2020: CASENT0906252, photographer E. Ortega).
Data from: Variation in the level of aggression, chemical and genetic distance among three supercolonies of the Argentine ant in Europe
In their invasive ranges, Argentine ant populations often form one geographically vast supercolony, genetically and chemically uniform within which there is no intraspecific aggression. Here we present regional patterns of intraspecific aggression, cuticular hydrocarbons and population genetics of 18 nesting-sites across Corsica and the French mainland. Aggression tests confirm the presence of a third European supercolony, the Corsican supercolony, which exhibits moderate to high levels of aggression, depending on nesting-sites, with the Main supercolony, and invariably high levels of aggression with the Catalonian supercolony. The chemical analyses corroborated the behavioral data, with workers of the Corsican supercolony showing moderate differences in cuticular hydrocarbons compared to workers of the European Main supercolony and strong differences compared to workers of the Catalonian supercolony. Interestingly, there were also clear genetic differences between workers of the Catalonian supercolony and the two other supercolonies at both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, but only very weak genetic differentiation between nesting-sites of the Corsican and Main supercolonies (FST = 0.06). A detailed comparison of the genetic composition of supercolonies also revealed that, if one of the last two supercolonies derived from the other, it is the Main supercolony that derived from the Corsican supercolony rather than the reverse. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of conducting more qualitative and quantitative analyses of the level of aggression between supercolonies, which has to be correlated with genetic and chemical data.
Data from: Are ant supercolonies crucibles of a new major transition in evolution?
The biological hierarchy of genes, cells, organisms and societies is a fundamental reality in the living world. This hierarchy of entities did not arise ex nihilo at the origin of life, but rather has been serially generated by a succession of critical events known as 'evolutionary transitions in individuality' (ETIs). Given the sequential nature of ETIs, it is natural to look for candidates to form the next hierarchical tier. We analyse claims that these candidates are found among 'supercolonies', ant populations in which discrete nests cooperate as part of a wider collective, in ways redolent of cells in a multicellular organism. Examining earlier empirical work and new data within the recently proposed 'Darwinian space' framework, we offer a novel analysis of the evolutionary status of supercolonies and show how certain key conditions might be satisfied in any future process transforming these collaborative networks into true Darwinian individuals.
Data from: Genetic structure of native ant supercolonies varies in space and time
Ant supercolonies are the largest cooperative units known in nature. They consist of networks of interconnected nests with hundreds of reproductive queens, where individuals move freely between nests, cooperate across nest boundaries and show little aggression towards non-nestmates. The combination of high queen numbers and free mixing of workers, queens and brood between nests results in extremely low nestmate relatedness. In such low-relatedness societies, cooperative worker behaviour appears maladaptive because it may aid random individuals instead of relatives. Here, we provide a comprehensive picture of genetic substructure in supercolonies of the native wood ant Formica aquilonia using traditional population genetic as well as network analysis methods. Specifically, we test for spatial and temporal variation in genetic structure of different classes of individuals within supercolonies and analyse the role of worker movement in determining supercolony genetic networks. We find that relatedness within supercolonies is low but positive when viewed on a population level, which may be due to limited dispersal of individuals and/or ecological factors such as nest site limitation and competition against conspecifics. Genetic structure of supercolonies varied with both sample class and sampling time point, which indicates that mobility of individuals varies according to both caste and season and suggests that generalizing has to be carried out with caution in studies of supercolonial species. Overall, our analysis provides novel evidence that native wood ant supercolonies exhibit fine-scale genetic substructure, which may explain the maintenance of cooperation in these low-relatedness societies.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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