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3 results for “Swine manure”
Co-occurrence of antimicrobials and metals in swine manure as potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the environment
<p>In many regions of the United States (US) and other countries, animal manures are often agronomically applied to cropland to recycle nutrients. However, aggregated manure wastes commonly contain contaminants including veterinary antimicrobials, heavy metals, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that can stimulate the development and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While the presence of antimicrobials in manure is well-documented, very little has been reported on the co-occurrence of other chemical stressors in swine manure that may stimulate AMR spread in exposed bacteria. This study quantifies and analyzes correlations between antimicrobials, metals, and certain ARGs present in manure samples from swine farms in Iowa, US. Relationships between contaminants and different stages of swine production or feed composition are also investigated. Results revealed notable levels of tetracyclines (up to 1,260 µg g-1 dry weight (d.w.) of manure for oxytetracycline) detected in all samples. Tiamulin, two ionophores (monensin and lasalocid), and one macrolide (tilmicosin) were detected at maximum class concentrations of 9.4, 0.547, and 0.472 µg g-1 d.w., respectively. The median relative abundances of ErmB and TetM were 0.13 and 0.17 copies g-1 wet weight (w.w.) manure (normalized to 16S gene), respectively. Additionally, high levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were detected in all samples, with maximum concentrations of 887, 1,900, and 2,100 µg g-1 d.w., respectively. Notably, uranium was detected in 11 samples, at concentrations up to 0.77 µg g-1. A global analysis of AMR-stressor relationships using Spearman's rank correlation indicates Cu, and Ba are the most positively and significantly correlated with anhydrotetracycline (ATC) and/or anhydrochlortetracycline (ACTC) concentrations in all tested facilities (Cu-ATC: ρ = 0.67, p = 0.0093; Cu-ACTC: ρ = 0.75, p = 0.0022; Ba-ATC: ρ = 0.84, p = 0.0002). Interestingly, ermB and tetM genes were strongly, positively correlated to each other (ρ=0.92, p= 0.000), suggesting possible co-selection, despite the absence of correlation between ARGs and tetracycline concentrations. This study demonstrates the complexity of interactions between antimicrobials, metals, and ARGs in multiple manure storage pits prior to cropland application.</p>
Co-occurrence of antimicrobials and metals in swine manure as potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the environment
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Lemna minor Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed
<p>The potential of Lemna minor to valorise agricultural wastewater into a protein-rich feed component to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions was investigated. Three pilot-scale systems were monitored for nine weeks under outdoor conditions in Flanders. The systems were fed with a mixture of the liquid fraction and the biological effluent of a swine manure treatment system diluted with rainwater in order that the weekly N and P addition was equal to the N and P removal by the system. The design tested the accumulation of elements in a continuous recirculation system. Potassium, Cl, S, Ca, and Mg were abundantly available in the swine manure wastewaters and tended to accumulate, being a possible cause of concern for long-operating recirculation systems. The harvested duckweed was characterised for its mineral composition and protein content. In animal husbandry, trace elements are specifically added to animal feed as micronutrients and, thus, feedstuffs biofortified with essential trace elements can provide added value. Duckweed grown on the tested mixture of swine manure waste streams could be considered as a source of Mn, Zn, and Fe for swine feed, while it is not a source of Cu for swine feed. Moreover, it was observed that As, Cd, and Pb content were below the limits of the feed Directive 2002/32/EC in the duckweed grown on the tested medium. Overall, these results demonstrate that duckweed can effectively remove nutrients from agriculture wastewaters in a recirculated system while producing a feed source with a protein content of 35% DM.</p>
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