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4 results for “Swiss stone pine”
Data from: Disentangling the effects of geographic peripherality and habitat suitability on neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Swiss stone pine
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>It is generally accepted that the spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity within a species' native range mostly depends on effective population size, demographic history, and geographic position. However, it is unclear how genetic diversity at adaptive loci correlates with geographic peripherality or with habitat suitability within the ecological niche. Using exome-wide genomic data and distribution maps of the Alpine range, we first tested whether geographic peripherality correlates with four measures of population genetic diversity at >17,000 SNP loci in 24 Alpine populations (480 individuals) of Swiss stone pine (<i>Pinus cembra</i>) from Switzerland. To distinguish between neutral and adaptive SNP sets, we used four approaches (two gene diversity estimates, <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> outlier test, and environmental association analysis) that search for signatures of selection. Second, we established ecological niche models for <i>P. cembra</i> in the study range and investigated how habitat suitability correlates with genetic diversity at neutral and adaptive loci. All estimates of neutral genetic diversity decreased with geographic peripherality, but were uncorrelated with habitat suitability. However, heterozygosity (<i>H</i><sub>e</sub>) at adaptive loci based on Tajima's <i>D</i> declined significantly with increasingly suitable conditions. No other diversity estimates at adaptive loci were correlated with habitat suitability. Our findings suggest that populations at the edge of a species' geographic distribution harbour limited neutral genetic diversity due to demographic properties. Moreover, we argue that populations from suitable habitats went through strong selection processes, are thus well adapted to local conditions, and therefore exhibit reduced genetic diversity at adaptive loci compared to populations at niche margins.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
A range-wide postglacial history of Swiss stone pine based on molecular markers and palaeoecological evidence
<p><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong><span>Knowing a species' response to historical climate shifts helps understanding its perspectives under global warming.<strong> </strong>We infer the hitherto unresolved postglacial history of <em>Pinus cembra.</em> Using independent evidence from genetic structure and demographic inference of extant populations, and from palaeoecological findings, we derive putative refugia and re-colonisation routes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location: </span></strong><span>European Alps and Carpathians.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxa: </span></strong><em><span>Pinus cembra.</span></em></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>We genotyped nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers in nearly 3,000 individuals from 147 locations across the entire natural range of <em>P. cembra</em>. Spatial genetic structure (Bayesian modelling) and demographic history (Approximate Bayesian Computation) were combined with palaeobotanical records (pollen, macrofossils) to infer putative refugial areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and re-colonisation of the current range.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results: </span></strong><span>We found distinct spatial genetic structure, despite low genetic differentiation even between the two disjunct mountain ranges. Nuclear markers revealed five genetic clusters aligned East–West across the range, while chloroplast haplotype distribution suggested nine clusters. Spatially congruent separation at both marker types highlighted two main genetic lineages in the East and West of the range. Demographic inference supported early separation of these lineages dating back to a previous interstadial or interglacial <em>c.</em> 210,000 years ago. Differentiation into five biologically meaningful genetic clusters likely established during post-glacial re-colonisation.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions: </span></strong><span>Combining genetic and palaeoecological evidence suggests that <em>P. cembra</em> primarily survived the LGM in "cold period" refugia south of the Central European Alps and near the Carpathians, from where it expanded during the Late Glacial into its current Holocene "warm period" refugia. This colonisation history has led to the distinct East–West structure of five genetic clusters. The two main genetic lineages likely derived from ancient divergence during an interglacial or interstadial. The respective contact zone (Brenner line) matches a main biogeographic break in the European Alps also found in herbaceous alpine plant species.</span></p>
A range-wide postglacial history of Swiss stone pine based on molecular markers and palaeoecological evidence
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Data from: Disentangling the effects of geographic peripherality and habitat suitability on neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Swiss stone pine
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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