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118 results for “Syagrus”
Figure 3. Syagrus aristeae B.F in A NEW RUPICOLOUS PALM FROM THE CAMPOS RUPESTRES, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
Figure 3. Syagrus aristeae B.F.Sant'Anna-Santos, sp. nov. A, Habitat photograph of the type locality in the Serra do Cabral State Park: individual flowering (white circle); B, branched inflorescence; C, detail of branched inflorescence: floral visitor on the peduncular bract (PB); D, rachillae with pre-anthesis flowers stored in ethyl alcohol: triads (a central pistillate flower flanked by two staminate flowers) on the lower portion of the rachilla (black line) and isolated staminate flower occupying the upper half of the rachilla (blue line); E, deeply grooved peduncular bract (PB); F, prophyll (Pr); G, unbranched inflorescence; H, fruits (Fr): epicarp covered with crackled plates. Photographs: B. F. Sant'Anna-Santos.
Figure 1. Syagrus aristeae B.F in A NEW RUPICOLOUS PALM FROM THE CAMPOS RUPESTRES, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
Figure 1. Syagrus aristeae B.F.Sant'Anna-Santos, sp. nov. A, Solitary habit; B, asymmetrical tip; C, unbranched inflorescence; D, branched inflorescence. E–J, staminate flower: E, staminate flower, opened; F, detail of calyx; G and H, petals; I, dorsal view of stamens; J, ventral view of stamens and pistillode. K–S, pistillate flower: K, pistillate flower (front view); L–N, sepals; O–Q, petals; R, pistil; S, staminodal ring. T, Stigma; U, three endocarp pores; V, four endocarp pores. Drawn from the holotype, Sant'Anna-Santos 388 (DIAM), by G. Surlo.
Figure 2. Syagrus aristeae B.F in A NEW RUPICOLOUS PALM FROM THE CAMPOS RUPESTRES, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
Figure 2. Syagrus aristeae B.F.Sant'Anna-Santos, sp. nov. A, Landscape photograph of the type locality in the Serra do Cabral State Park: individuals (white rectangles) growing in the rocky outcrops (Ro); B, specimen (black arrow) growing in the rocky outcrop (Ro); C, specimen (black arrow) growing on the sandy soils near rocky outcrops (Ro); D, pinnae irregularly arranged in the leaf rachis; E, dark-green adaxial (Ad) and glaucous abaxial (Ab) surfaces of the pinnae; F, the asymmetrical tip (white arrow); G, the long tapering tip (white arrow); H, abaxial side of the leaf rachis with white tomentum (To); I, leaf sheath with fibrous margins; J, pinnae consumed (white arrow) by locusts: abaxial surface (Ab); H, pinnae consumed (white arrow) by locusts: adaxial surface (Ad). Photographs: B. F. Sant'Anna-Santos.
Figure 1 in Direct seeding as a recruitment alternative for the threatened tropical palm Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Beccari in Brazilian dry forest
Figure 1. Effects of habitat and defleshing treatments on the seed fate of Syagrus coronata after 240 days during two years of experiment.
Data from: Early genetic consequences of defaunation in a large-seeded vertebrate-dispersed palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana)
Plant populations are seriously threatened by anthropogenic habitat disturbance. In particular, defaunation may disrupt plant-disperser mutualisms, thus reducing levels of seed-mediated gene flow and genetic variation in animal-dispersed plants. This may ultimately limit their adaptive potential and ability to cope with environmental change. Tropical forest remnants are typically deprived of medium to large vertebrates upon which many large-seeded plants rely for accomplishing effective seed dispersal. Our main goal was to examine the potential early genetic consequences of the loss of large vertebrates for large-seeded vertebrate-dispersed plants. We compared the genetic variation in early-stage individuals of the large-seeded palm Syagrus romanzoffiana between continuous protected forest and nearby partially defaunated fragments in the Atlantic Forest of South America. Using nine microsatellites, we found lower allelic richness and stronger fine-scale spatial genetic structure in the disturbed area. In addition, the percentage of dispersed recruits around conspecific adults was lower, although not significantly, in the disturbed area (median values: 0.0 vs 14.4%). On the other hand, no evidence of increased inbreeding or reduced pollen-mediated gene flow (selfing rate and diversity of pollen donors) was found in the disturbed area. Our findings are strongly suggestive of some early genetic consequences resulting from the limitation in contemporary gene flow via seeds, but not pollen, in defaunated areas. Plant-disperser mutualisms involving medium–large frugivores, which are seriously threatened in tropical systems, should therefore be protected to warrant the maintenance of seed-mediated gene flow and genetic diversity in large-seeded plants.
FIGURE 89. Syagrus yungasensis. A. Palm with J. Roca. B. Crown. C. Habit with Luis Moreno. D. Inflorescence. E. Infructescence. F in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 89. Syagrus yungasensis. A. Palm with J. Roca. B. Crown. C. Habit with Luis Moreno. D. Inflorescence. E. Infructescence. F. Infructescence of isotype showing only 1 or 2 pistillate flowers per rachilla (Moraes 1874). Grid is in centimeters. All photos except F by Oscar Moreno (Moreno & Moreno, 2006, 2013).
FIGURE 88. Syagrus werdermannii. A in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 88. Syagrus werdermannii. A. Habit with José Lobo (Noblick & Lobo 4519). B. Habit with a few strap-like juvenile leaves still persisting and Clodoaldo José de Morais showing off an infructescence (Noblick & Clodoaldo 3769). C. Habitat with driver. D. Palm with horizontal procumbent stem. E. Inflorescence with whitish tomentum on the rachis, rachillae, and apex of the fruits on the infructescence. F. Inflorescence. G. Infructescence. H. Two leaf forms. Adult pinnate leaves on palm with inflorescence in the foreground and juvenile strap leaves still on the palm in the background.
FIGURE 87. Syagrus weddelliana. A in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 87. Syagrus weddelliana. A. Habit of palm. B. Leaf sheaths and petioles. C. Crown with inflorescence and infructescence. D. Habit of cultivated specimen. E. Inflorescence. F. Infructescence showing the spit epicarps when mature. G. Epicarps with one sectioned to show homogeneous endosperm and internal cavity. Grid is in centimeters. Photos A, B, C and G by Harri Lorenzi.
FIGURE 86 in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 86. Distribution maps of Syagrus vermicularis, S. weddelliana, S. werdermannii and S. yungasensis.
FIGURE 85. Syagrus vermicularis. A in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 85. Syagrus vermicularis. A. Palm in its natural habitat, Noblick & Feitosa 4971. B. Habit of cultivated palm grown from seed (MBC 94690). C. Crown with inflorescences and infructescences. D. Inflorescence with newly emerged inflorescence. E. Inflorescence showing the long yellow noodle-like rachillae tips that are devoid of any flowers. F. Infructescences demonstrating the rapid growth of the stem as the inflorescences continue to mature for a period of one year below the crown. G. Leaf and infructescence with immature green fruits held by J.A. Feitosa. H. Infructescence with peduncular bract. I. Endocarps showing triangularly lobed beak, basal endocarp pores and homogeneous endosperm. Grid is in centimeters.
FIGURE 83. Syagrus vagans. A. Palm with typical inflorescence. B in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 83. Syagrus vagans. A. Palm with typical inflorescence. B. Palm with guide holding an infructescence. C. Infructescence with narrow ellipsoid fruit. D. Palm at Jardim Botânico Palmarum (JBP) from Jequié, Bahia. E. Infructescence. F. Specimen from Jequié, Bahia. G. Specimen from Morro do Chapéu, Bahia, note how it looks a bit different in habit from D or F. H. JBP specimen from Brumado, Bahia.
FIGURE 82. Syagrus stratincola. A–B in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 82. Syagrus stratincola. A–B. Palm in habitat on Pic du Grand Crossant, Camopi, French Guiana. C. Cultivated specimen in Cayenne, French Guiana near CAY herbarium. D. Inflorescence. E. Newly emerged flowers. F. Infructescence. G. Close of infructescence showing fruits with spit apices. H. Fruits showing deeply grooved epicarp. White scale = 2 cm. Photos A and B by Emile Piqard.
FIGURE 80. Syagrus smithii. A. Habit. B. Crown. C. New juvenile palm with strap leaves from Colombia. D. Infructescence. E in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 80. Syagrus smithii. A. Habit. B. Crown. C. New juvenile palm with strap leaves from Colombia. D. Infructescence. E. Endocarp, note resemblance to a chrysallid. Grid is in centimeters. F. Juvenile palms sometimes retain Geonoma-like bifid leaves (pers. comm. Rodrigo Bernal). G. Inflorescence with Dr. E. E. Smith near Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. H. Mature fruits. Photo A and G by Harri Lorenzi. Photos B–D by Rodrigo Bernal. Photo F by Gloria Galeano. Photo G by Harold E. Moore Jr. from Principes 7: 163.
FIGURE 81. Syagrus stenopetala. A in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 81. Syagrus stenopetala. A. Clustering habit at MBC. B. Clustering habit near Bobare, Venezuela (Noblick & Smith 4947). C. Crowns, which are more rigid and ascending in habitat. D. Inflorescence. E. Infructescences. F. Inflorescence and Infructescence. G. Staminate flowers. H. Fruits, which are green at maturity.
FIGURE 84. Syagrus vermicularis. A. Habit. B. Leaf. C. Leaflet. D in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 84. Syagrus vermicularis. A. Habit. B. Leaf. C. Leaflet. D. Section of leaf rachis showing inserted leaflets. E–G. Staminate (male) flower. H. Receptive pistillate (female) flower. I. Pistillate flower showing tomentose ovary. J. Dried fruits. K. Endocarp shown in longitudinal section. L. Endocarp showing the trilobed beak at the apex. M. Inflorescence showing the "ramen noodle-like" ends of the rachillae that are devoid of flowers. Habit drawn from MBC accession number 94690*G. Leaf, leaflet, flowers and inflorescence drawn fresh from 94690*D. and endocarp and fruit drawn from Noblick & Feitosa 4971. All scales are in centimeters with exception of A, which is a 1 m scale. Drawn by Wes Jurgens.
FIGURE 90 in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 90. Distribution map of Syagrus hybrids. S. × altopalacioensis, S. × andrequiceana, S. × campos-portoana, S. × cipoensis, S. comosa × elata, S. × costae, S. × lacerdamourae, S. × matafome, S. × mirandana, S. × serroana, S. × teixeiriana, and S. × tostana.
FIGURE 76. Syagrus sancona. A in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 76. Syagrus sancona. A. Habit cultivated at MBC. B. Crown in Bolivia. C. Inflorescence with long numerous rachillae. D. Crown near Santa Cruz, Bolivia, showing plumose leaves. E. Inflorescences. F. Inflorescence with receptive pistillate flowers. G. Flowers, first row: staminate flowers; second: pistillate flowers; third: pistillate sepals; fourth row: pistillate petals and pistil. Grid is in centimeters.
FIGURE 75. Syagrus ruschiana. A in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 75. Syagrus ruschiana. A. Habit in Minas Gerais with Lester Cline. B. Habit with Gilson Essenfelder in Minas Gerais with cacti. C. Leaf sheaths below crown. D. Clustering specimen in Espirito Santo. E. Flaccid crown with inflorescence in Espirito Santo. F. Inflorescence. G. Habit in very rocky habitat. H. Infructescence. I. Fruits showing spitting tips.
FIGURE 77 in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 77. Distribution maps of Syagrus sancona, S. santosii, S. schizophylla, S. smithii, S. stenopetala, S. stratincola and S. vagans.
FIGURE 78. Syagrus santosii. A in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 78. Syagrus santosii. A. Habitat near Itapebi, Bahia, steep banks of a new reservoir on the Rio Jequitinhonha. B. Habit of several palms. C. Habit. D. Inflorescence. E. Infructescence. Note petioles near top of image are heavily armed with spines. F. Newly opened inflorescence with staminate flower. G. Flowers. H. Fruits with cross-section of fruit showing homogeneous endosperm with no internal cavity on top left and endocarp on top right. Also note splitting apices. Grids are in centimeters.
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