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11 results for “Sycophila”
Figs 13–14. Sycophila binotata Fonscolombe, 1832 in Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae)
Figs 13–14. Sycophila binotata Fonscolombe, 1832, ♀. 13. Lateral habitus. 14. Fore wing. Specimen number BMNH(E)969430. Scale bars both 1 mm. © Natural History Museum, London.
Delimiting the cryptic diversity and host preferences of Sycophila parasitoid wasps associated with oak galls using phylogenomic data
<p>Cryptic species diversity is a major challenge for the species-rich community of parasitoids attacking oak gall wasps due to a high degree of sexual dimorphism, morphological plasticity, small size, and poorly known biology. As such, we know very little about the number of species present, nor the evolutionary forces responsible for generating this diversity. One hypothesis is that trait diversity in the gall wasps, including the morphology of the galls they induce, has evolved in response to selection imposed by the parasitoid community, with reciprocal selection driving diversification of the parasitoids. Using a rare, continental-scale data set of <em>Sycophila</em> parasitoid wasps reared from 44 species of cynipid galls from 18 species of oak across the US, we combined mitochondrial DNA barcodes, Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs), morphological, and natural history data to delimit putative species. Using these results, we generate the first large-scale assessment of ecological specialization and host association in this species-rich group, with implications for evolutionary ecology and biocontrol. We find most <em>Sycophila</em> target specific subsets of available cynipid host galls with similar morphologies, and generally attack larger galls. Our results suggest that parasitoid wasps such as <em>Sycophila</em> have adaptations allowing them to exploit particular host trait combinations, while hosts with contrasting traits are resistant to attack. These findings support the tritrophic niche concept for the structuring of plant-herbivore-parasitoid communities.</p>
Delimiting the cryptic diversity and host preferences of Sycophila parasitoid wasps associated with oak galls using phylogenomic data
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Figure 5 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 5. Lateral views of terminal-instar larvae. (A) Sycophila biguttata; (B) Sycophila binotata; (C) Sycophila flavicollis; (D) Sycophila mayri; (E) Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus scabiosae form rogenhoferi
Figure 2 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 2. Body in lateral view of Sycophila submutica (Thomson). Letters refer to the following structures: ABS1–ABS9, abdominal segments; ANS, anal segment; THS1–THS3, thoracic segments; adp, anterodorsal protuberances; epc, spiracles.
Figure 1 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 1. Body in ventral view of Sycophila submutica (Thomson). Letters refer to the following structures: ABS1–ABS9, abdominal segments; ANS, anal segment; THS1–THS3, thoracic segments.
Figure 4 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 4. Ventral views of terminal-instar larvae. (A) Sycophila biguttata; (B) Sycophila binotata; (C) Sycophila flavicollis; (D) Sycophila mayri; (E) Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus scabiosae form rogenhoferi; (F) Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus lichtensteini.
Figure 7 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 7. Anterior view of mouthparts of terminal-instar larvae. (A) Sycophila biguttata; (B) Sycophila binotata; (C) Sycophila flavicollis; (D) Sycophila mayri; (E) Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus scabiosae form rogenhoferi.; (F) Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus lichtensteini.
Figure 6 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 6. Anterior view of the head of terminal-instar larvae. (A) Sycophila biguttata; (B) Sycophila binotata; (C) Sycophila flavicollis; (D) Sycophila mayri; (E) Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus. scabiosae form rogenhoferi; (F). Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus lichtensteini.
Figure 3 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 3. Illustrations of the terminology used for general descriptions in different views. (A) Anterior view of head of Sycophila mayri (Erdos), letters refer as follows to the described structures: ams, anteromedial setae of antennal region; an, antenna; anr, antennal area; cl, clypeus; cs, clypeal setae; fr, frons; gns, genal setae; gr, genal region; hr, hypostomal region; hs, hypostomal setae; lb, labrum; lbi, labium; md, mandible; mx, maxillae; vams, anteromedial setae of vertex; vr, vertex region. (B) Anterior view of mouthparts of Sycophila biguttata (Swederus), showing the clypeus (cl); clypeal setae (cs); labrum (lb); labral setae (lbs); lateral lobes of labrum (lfp): medial piece of labrum (lmp) and the lower-lip complex: labium (lbi); mandible (md); maxillae (mx). (C) Anterior view of the right mandible of Sycophila binotata (Fonscolombe), showing the first and second tooth and the base (mbs).
Figure 8 in On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Figure 8. Anterior view of the right mandible of terminal-instar larvae. (A) Sycophila biguttata; (B) Sycophila binotata; (C). Sycophila flavicollis; (D) Sycophila mayri; (E) Sycophila submutica ex Isocolus scabiosae (k) form rogenhoferi (k).
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