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508 results for “Symbiotes”
Supplementary phylogenetic data for Manzano-Marín et. al. 2020 "Serial horizontal transfer of vitamin-biosynthetic genes enables the establishment of new nutritional symbionts in aphids' di-symbiotic systems"
<p>Supplementary data for Manzano-Marín et. al. 2019 "Serial horizontal transfer of vitamin-biosynthetic genes enables the establishment of new nutritional symbionts in aphids' di-symbiotic systems".</p> <p>The data set consists of four folders:</p> <p>1) "Buchnera_phylo”: PHYLIP-formatted file used for phylogenetic reconstruction of <em>Buchnera</em> and resulting tree in NEWICK format.</p> <p>2) "Erwinia_phylo”: PHYLIP-formatted file used for phylogenetic reconstruction of <em>Erwinia</em> and resulting tree in NEWICK format.</p> <p>3) "Hamiltonella_phylo”: FASTA-formatted nucleotide alignment files of each gene and NEXUS-formatted files used for Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of <em>Hamiltonella</em> symbionts.</p> <p>4) "HGT_genes": FASTA-formatted nucleotide alignment files of each horizontally transferred gene and non-horizontally transferred genes nupC, and <em>gpmA</em>. Also, NEXUS-formatted files used for Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction and of resulting trees.</p> <p>5) "Tn3_pylo": FASTA-formatted amino acid alignment files of mobile elements related to the Tn3 family resolvase/invertase found in <em>Hamiltonella</em>-associated <em>Erwinia haradaeae</em> symbionts. Also, NEXUS-formatted files used for Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction and of resulting trees.</p>
N-fixation rate and leaf N content in two species of Alnus and their relationship to diversity of symbiotic Frankia
This study investigated patterns of nitrogen (N) fixation rates, leaf N content, and geographic diversity in the N-fixing bacterium Frankia occurring in symbiosis with Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia and A. viridis ssp. fruticosa in early and late successional habitats on the Tanana river floodplain and surrounding uplands in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest. Frankia diversity was estimated via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the nifD-K spacer region, a non-coding region in the nitrogenase-encoding operon. Specific N-fixation rate was measured with a 15N2 uptake assay and leaf N content via mass spectrometry. Additional parameters measured were soil temperature and moisture, leaf del 15N, and specific leaf area.
FIGURE 2 in Ankerius aenigmaticus, a new genus and new species of aphanodactylid crab symbiotic with polychaetes from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Aphanodactylidae)
FIGURE 2. Ankerius aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., female holotype (7.2 × 7.0 mm) (UF), Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. A, overall habitus; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, ventral view of cephalothorax showing thoracic sternum and vulvae.
FIGURE 5. Buccal cavity and third maxillipeds. A in Ankerius aenigmaticus, a new genus and new species of aphanodactylid crab symbiotic with polychaetes from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Aphanodactylidae)
FIGURE 5. Buccal cavity and third maxillipeds. A, Selwynia laevis Borradaile, 1903, holotype male (7.1 × 5.6 mm) (CUMZ I. 63872), Hulule Atoll, Maldives, coll. J. S. Gardiner, 1900; B, Gandoa brevipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), female (7.2 × 5.0 mm) (ZSM 1277 / 1) [holotype of Voeltzkowia zanzibarensis Lenz, 1905], Kokotoni, Zanzibar, coll. July 1889; C, Gustavus mecognathus Ahyong & Ng, 2009, paratype female (13.9 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2010.0252), SW Cocos Barrier, Guam, near small pass on large terebellid worm, coll. G. Paulay, 20 March 2000; D, Ankerius aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., female holotype (7.2 × 7.0 mm) (UF), Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia.
Is there a latitudinal diversity gradient for symbiotic microbes? A case study with sensitive partridge peas
<p><span>Mutualism is thought to be more prevalent in the tropics than temperate zones and may therefore play an important role in generating and maintaining high species richness found at lower latitudes. However, results on the impact of mutualism on latitudinal diversity gradients are mixed, and few empirical studies sample both temperate and tropical regions. We investigated whether a latitudinal diversity gradient exists in the symbiotic microbial community associated with the legume <em>Chamaecrista</em> <em>nictitans</em>. We sampled bacteria DNA from nodules and the surrounding soil of plant roots across a latitudinal gradient (38.64 °N to 8.68 °N). Using 16S rRNA sequence data, we identified many non-rhizobial species within <em>C. nictitans </em>nodules that cannot form nodules or fix nitrogen. Species richness increased towards lower latitudes in the non-rhizobial portion of the nodule community but not in the rhizobial community. The microbe community in the soil did not effectively predict the non-rhizobia community inside nodules, indicating that host selection is important for structuring non-rhizobia communities in nodules. We next factorially manipulated the presence of three non-rhizobia strains in greenhouse experiments and found that co-inoculations of non-rhizobia strains with rhizobia had a marginal effect on nodule number and no effect on plant growth. Our results suggest that these non-rhizobia bacteria are likely commensals – species that benefit from associating with a host but are neutral for host fitness. Overall, our study suggests that temperate <em>C. nictitans</em> plants are more selective in their associations with the non-rhizobia community, potentially due to differences in soil nitrogen across latitude.</span></p>
Fig. 3 in Feeding Biology And Symbiotic Relationships Of The Corallimorpharian Paracorynactis Hoplites (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia)
Fig. 3. Diameter of fully digested crown-of-thorns sea stars (Acanthaster planci) as a function of polyp diameter of Paracorynactis hoplites.
Fig. 1 in Feeding Biology And Symbiotic Relationships Of The Corallimorpharian Paracorynactis Hoplites (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia)
Fig. 1. Extended polyp of Paracorynactis hoplites pulling a partly whitened asteroid (Linckia laevigata) toward its mouth. Note test of echinoid Echinometra mathaei beside base of polyp (A. R. Bos).
Fig. 5 in Feeding Biology And Symbiotic Relationships Of The Corallimorpharian Paracorynactis Hoplites (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia)
Fig. 5. Symbiotic shrimp Thor amboinensis among tentacles of a polyp of Paracorynactis hoplites. Mouth of polyp is visible at lower right (A. R. Bos).
Fig. 4 in Feeding Biology And Symbiotic Relationships Of The Corallimorpharian Paracorynactis Hoplites (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia)
Fig. 4. Entirely closed polyp of Paracorynactis hoplites where tentacles are not visible (A. R. Bos).
Figure 2 in Rediscovery and redescription of Entoniscus creplinii Giard and Bonnier, 1887 (Isopoda: Bopyroidea: Entoniscidae) parasitizing Polyonyx gibbesi Haig, 1956 (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae), a symbiotic crab from the tubes of Chaetopterus cf. variopedatus (Annelida), from North Carolina and Florida, U. S. A.
Figure 2. Entoniscus creplinii Giard and Bonnier, 1887 (USNM 1660598). A) Mature female, lateral view. B) Close-up of side of pleomere 3 showing scales. C) Terminal segment of pleon. D) Female cephalon with host sheath surrounding, en face view. E) Female cephalon with host sheath surrounding, lateral view. F) Female cephalon with host sheath removed, en face view. G) Female cephalon with host sheath removed, lateral view. H) Pleon of female with host sheath partially removed, asterisk showing position of first pleopods still covered by host sheath; stippled region shows channel within which second pleopods lay. Abbreviations: ce = cephalon; he = heart; 2–4 = pleopods 2 to 4. Scales = 0.5 mm (A, D–H); 10 µm (B, C).
Figure 1 in Rediscovery and redescription of Entoniscus creplinii Giard and Bonnier, 1887 (Isopoda: Bopyroidea: Entoniscidae) parasitizing Polyonyx gibbesi Haig, 1956 (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae), a symbiotic crab from the tubes of Chaetopterus cf. variopedatus (Annelida), from North Carolina and Florida, U. S. A.
Figure 1.Entoniscus creplinii Giard and Bonnier, 1887 (USNM 1660598). A) Mature female, dorsal view. B) Mature female, dorsal view. C) Mature female, lateral view. D) Pleon of female extending to opening at the merus-carpus articulation of the third right walking leg of host Polyonyx gibbesi Haig, 1956. Abbreviations: ce = cephalon; he = heart; 1o–5o = oostegites 1 to 5; 1p–5p = pleomeres 1 to 5; pl = pleural lamellae. Scales = 0.5 mm (A); 1 mm (B–D).
Impact of heat stress on the fitness outcomes of symbiotic infection in aphids: a meta-analysis
<p>This is the dataset for the article "<em><strong>Impact of heat stress on the fitness outcomes of symbiotic infection in aphids: a meta-analysis</strong></em>". </p> <p>Beneficial symbiosis shape their host eco-evolutionary responses. Here we show how the responses of insect-microbe associations may be modulated by rising temperatures. The outcome of the symbiotic association is therefore temperature-dependent, but also trait-dependent. We show the importance of better understanding the cost-benefits balance of insect-microbe associations faced with climate change.</p>
Figure 1 Micromegistus bakerion Scarites subterraneus.a in New records of Micromegistus bakeri, Trägårdh 1948 (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parantennulidae), a mite symbiotic on carabid beetles, and notes on the species' distribution and host specificity
Figure 1 Micromegistus bakerion Scarites subterraneus.a – Dorsal and ventral view of infested S. subterraneus. b – The anterior ventral side of M. bakeriinfestedS. subterraneus. c – Adult and larvalM. bakeri.
Figure 3 in New records of Micromegistus bakeri, Trägårdh 1948 (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parantennulidae), a mite symbiotic on carabid beetles, and notes on the species' distribution and host specificity
Figure 3 Distribution map of Micromegistus bakeriand Scarites spp. in North America. The star indicates the location of the specimens collected in the present study. Squares indicate localities ofM. bakeridocumented in the literature (Trägårdh 1948; Nickel and Elzinga 1970; McDaniel and Bolen
Figure 2 in New records of Micromegistus bakeri, Trägårdh 1948 (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parantennulidae), a mite symbiotic on carabid beetles, and notes on the species' distribution and host specificity
Figure 2 Examples of photographic records of mites (putatively identified as M. bakeri) on Scarites spp., available on the citizen science websites BugGuide and iNaturalist. Note how only one or no mites are visible in the dorsal images, while one to many are visible in the lateral and ventral images. 2a – by lazarus via iNaturalist, used under a CC BY 4.0 license. 2b–2c by Bert Harris and Breanna Couey, respectively, via iNaturalist, used under CC BY-NC 4.0 licenses.
Figure 10 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)
Figure 10.- Dead colony of Corallium sp. showing traces of galleries (pointed by white arrows and outlined by red tracing) likely originated for the association with Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. Scale bar is cm.
Figure 8.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)
Figure 8.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01/14337. A. Left elytron from first pair. B. Detail of margin of same. C. Elytron from midanterior region. D. Parapodium from chaetiger 32, dorsal cirri broken (placed in approximate position); black arrow pointing on the small scattered papillae on cirri; white arrow pointing on the approximate position of nephridial papilla. E. Nephridial papilla. F. Notochaetae. G. Neurochaetae from dorsal-most bundle. H. Neurochaetae from ventral-most bundle. Scale bars are µm.
Figure 6.- Parahololepidella greeffi. Syntype ZMH 5692. A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Neurochaetae from anterior region, showing damaged tips. C. Notochaetae. D. Dissected parapodia from mid-body. E in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)
Figure 6.- Parahololepidella greeffi. Syntype ZMH 5692. A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Neurochaetae from anterior region, showing damaged tips. C. Notochaetae. D. Dissected parapodia from mid-body. E. Neurochaetae of the same (black arrow pointing at the apparently bidentate chaetae). F. Notochaetae of the same. B, C, E, F: scale bar 125 µm.
Figure 7 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)
Figure 7.- Tanacetipathes cf. spinescens. MNCN16.01/13707. A.- Whole view of a host colony harbouring four specimens of Parahololepidella greeffi. B. Detail of a host curled on the main stem of the host black coral. White arrows point to the position of the symbionts.
Figure 9.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01 in New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)
Figure 9.- Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae. MNCN 16.01/14337. A. Two fragments of Candidella imbricata, one of them with the symbiont inside a gallery formed by expanded esclerites (arrow pointing on worm's head). B. Detail of the anterior end of the worm (arrow pointing on worm's head showing eyes through the first pair of elytra). C. Fragment of Candidella imbricata with the symbiont inside a gallery formed by expanded esclerites (arrows pointing on worm's head and pygidium). D. Same worm as in C, extracted from the gallery. MNCN 16.01/14341. E. Fragment of Corallium niobe, with a worm inside a gallery in the axis of a branch. F. Anterior end of the same worm as in E, extracted from the gallery. Scale bars are mm.
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