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614 results for “Synergistic”
Urban Residential Surface and Subsurface Hydrology: Synergistic Effects of Low-Impact Features at the Parcel Scale
Accurately predicting the hydrologic effects of urbanization requires an understanding of how hydrologic processes are affected by low‐impact development practices. In this study, we explored how growing season surface runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration on a residential parcel are affected by several low‐impact interventions, including three "impervious‐centric" interventions (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious‐centric" interventions (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations. Results were compared to both a highly and moderately compacted baseline parcel under an average and a dry weather scenario for a temperate climate. We find that under reasonable assumptions for highly compacted soil, pervious areas are a major source of runoff and disconnecting impervious surfaces may be relatively less effective without improving soil conditions. Under both highly and moderately compacted soil conditions, combining efforts to decompact soil with impervious disconnection has a synergistic effect on reducing surface runoff and increasing deep drainage and evapotranspiration. All combinations of interventions enhance infiltration, but the partitioning of additional root zone water between deep drainage and evapotranspiration depends on the weather scenario. Importantly, when all low‐impact interventions are applied together, growing season deep drainage is higher than that from a vacant lot with no impervious surfaces. We infer that ecohydrologic interfaces between impervious and pervious areas are strong controls on urban hydrologic fluxes and that high‐resolution, process‐based models can be used to account for these interfaces and thereby improve predictions of the hydrologic effects of low‐impact interventions.
Imaging the footprint of nanoscale electrochemical reactions for assessing synergistic hydrogen evolution
<p>Dataset complementary to supporting information, such as optical movies, COMSOL model, and Python codes to analyze the experimental and simulated data according to the manuscript submitted for publication.<br> The movies correspond to cyclic voltammetry operando monitoring by optical microscopy of the reduction of water + KCl in the presence of NiCl2 at an ITO electrode or NiCl2 or MgCl2 at ITO electrode coated with Pt nanoparticles.</p> <p>The python function was used to extract the halo size around each nanoparticle from optical images, the python routines were used to postprocess the COMSOL simulation and evalaute the simulated halo size.</p>
Data Source: Synergistic effects of precipitation and groundwater extraction on freshwater wetland inundation
Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, flood protection, and biodiversity support, that are sensitive to changes in wetland hydrology. Wetland hydrological inputs come from precipitation, groundwater discharge, and surface run-off. Changes to these inputs via climate variation, groundwater extraction, and land development may alter the timing and magnitude of wetland inundation. Data were compiled for 152 wetlands in west-central Florida over 14 years to investigate the response of wetland inundation to the interactive effects of precipitation, groundwater extraction, surrounding land development, basin geomorphology, and wetland vegetation class. Further methods are defined in the Methods section of the journal article associated with this dataset (Synergistic effects of precipitation and groundwater extraction on freshwater wetland inundation, published in the Journal of Environmental Management, 2023).
Data from: Synergistic effects of grass competition and insect herbivory on the weed Rumex obtusifolius in an inundative biocontrol approach
<p>Data are from a field experiment to test for synergistic interactions between grass competition and herbivory on <i>Rumex obtusifolius</i>, a prominent weed in temperate grasslands worldwide.</p><p><i>Rumex obtusifolius</i> was grown in the presence and absence of competition from the grass <i>Lolium perenne</i> and subjected to herbivory through targeted inoculation with root-boring <i>Pyropteron</i> spp.</p><p>To explore whether the interactive effects of competition and herbivory were size-dependent, <i>R. obtusifolius</i> was planted covering a large range of plant sizes found in managed grasslands.</p><p>The experimental layout followed a split-split plot design. Main-level factor was <i>L. perenne</i> competition, split-level factor was herbivory application, split-split-level factor was initial root mass of <i>R. obtusifolius</i>. Main-plots were arranged according to a randomized complete block design on the site (8 blocks, each containing a <i>L. perenne</i> competition and a no competition treatment).</p>
Supplementary data: Winter cover cropping: Effect on soybean and synergistic implications on soil microbiome
<p>Supplementary data: (i) Agronomic and quality data of soybean (2 varieties) grown in 2 years (2020 & 2021) in two management systems (organic & low-input) with different cover crops; (ii) Soil microbiome analysis of the soybean field trials.</p>
Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "The synergistic effect of microwave drying and plasma surface treatments on the wettability of green wood"
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In spite of being a one-step solution to several problems associated with woodworking and being energy efficient, the application of microwave (MW) modification in wood research remained very limited and the promising method has practically no use in wood industries across the globe. Research done so far in this field primarily sheds light on its potential in enhancing wood permeability, treatability and uniform wood drying. While MW treatments are mostly used on wet or green wood, another modification technique, plasma, has potential benefits to synergistically enhance effects of MW treatment, but has not been applied on wet or green wood specimens, so far. This study takes a first step to investigate effects of plasma treatments (PT) on green wood specimens as well as combinations of MW and plasma treatments. As a preliminary study, the methodology focuses on water contact angle measurements, since these are most commonly used as indicators for surface modifications in industrial applications. On the investigated samples of Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> Karst.), an exponential time dependence was found for the contact angle. Initial contact angle after droplet deposition increased due to drying and migration of organic molecules during treatments. In comparison to the literature, the effect of plasma was significantly less pronounced on wet wood specimens. The initial contact angle showed lowest statistical variations after MW treatment, whereas plasma increased inhomogeneities. The final contact angle on treated specimens was lowest for PT-only specimens as well as specimens treated with plasma after MW. In contrast to the initial contact angle, the final contact angle showed lowest variations after PT. Wetting rates were insignificantly improved by plasma, with reduced statistical variations after all treatments.</p>
Synergistic impacts of malathion and predatory stress on six species of North American tadpoles.
The decline of many amphibian populations is associated with pesticides, but for most pesticides we know little about their toxicity to amphibians. Malathion is a classic example; it is sprayed over aquatic habitats to control mosquitoes that carry malaria and the West Nile virus, yet we know little about its effect on amphibians. I examined the survival of six species of tadpoles (wood frogs, Rana sylvatica; leopard frogs, R. pipiens; green frogs, R. clamitans; bullfrogs, R. catesbeiana; American toads, Bufo americanus; and gray tree frogs, Hyla versicolor) for 16 d in the presence or absence of predatory stress and six concentrations of malathion. Malathion was moderately toxic to all species of tadpoles (median lethal concentration [LC50] values, the concentration estimated to kill 50% of a test population, ranged from 1.25–5.9 mg/L). These values are within the range of values reported for the few amphibians that have been tested (0.2–42 mg/L). In one of the six species, malathion became twice as lethal when combined with predatory stress. Similar synergistic interactions have been found with the insecticide carbaryl, suggesting that the synergy may occur in many carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. While malathion has the potential to kill amphibians and its presence is correlated with habitats containing declining populations, its actual role in amphibian declines is uncertain given the relatively low concentration in aquatic habitats.
Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcresses (Rorippa, Brassicaceae)
<div> <strong>Aim</strong>: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) plays an important role in shaping the distribution of global biodiversity. Polyploidy could favor invasion and thereby facilitate LDD. However, how and to what extent polyploidy interacts with LDD is unclear. Here, we test the putative role of polyploidy in the global dispersal of <em>Rorippa</em> species.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Location</strong>: Global.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Time</strong> <strong>period</strong>: Late Miocene to present.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: <em>Rorippa</em>.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Methods</strong>: We traced the biogeographic and speciation history for 17 diploids and 41 polyploids of <em>Rorippa</em> using variation from plastid genomes and multiple nuclear loci. The ploidy role in dispersal rate difference was demonstrated using trait-dependent biogeographic modeling.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Results</strong>: LDD shaped the amphitropical disjunction of <em>Rorippa</em>, during which polyploids showed higher dispersal rates than those of diploids, with 5.6× increase under the best-fitted model. Five diploids and 21 polyploids were identified as products of transoceanic speciation events. Polyploidy-involved LDD was more common in terms of polyploidization following LDD than those preceding LDD.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: We demonstrate that polyploidy would be not only a driver but also a responder of LDD in <em>Rorippa</em>, highlighting a synergistic relationship between them. Our results provide a framework to uncover the biogeographic consequences of polyploidization and the joint roles of polyploidy and LDD in shaping the distribution of biodiversity.</div>
Data from: High temperatures and low soil moisture synergistically reduce switchgrass yields from marginal field sites and inhibit fermentation
<p>'Marginal lands' are low productivity sites abandoned from agriculture for reasons such as low or high soil water content, challenging topography, or nutrient deficiency. To avoid competition with crop production, cellulosic bioenergy crops have been proposed for cultivation on marginal lands, however on these sites they may be more strongly affected by environmental stresses such as low soil water content. In this study we used rainout shelters to induce low soil moisture on marginal lands and determine the effect of soil water stress on switchgrass growth and the subsequent production of bioethanol. Five marginal land sites that span a latitudinal gradient in Michigan and Wisconsin were planted to switchgrass in 2013 and during the 2018-2021 growing seasons were exposed to reduced precipitation under rainout shelters in comparison to ambient precipitation. The effect of reduced precipitation was related to the environmental conditions at each site and biofuel production metrics (switchgrass biomass yields and composition and ethanol production). During the first year (2018), the rainout shelters were designed with 60% rain exclusion, which did not affect biomass yields compared to ambient conditions at any of the field sites, but decreased switchgrass fermentability at the Wisconsin Central - Hancock site. In subsequent years, the shelters were redesigned to fully exclude rainfall, which led to reduced biomass yields and inhibited fermentation for three sites. When switchgrass was grown in soils with large reductions in moisture and increases in temperature, the potential for biofuel production was significantly reduced, exposing some of the challenges associated with producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass grown under drought conditions.</p>
Synergistic negative effects between a fungicide and high temperatures on homing behaviours in honey bees
<p>Interactions between environmental stressors may contribute to ongoing pollinator declines, but have not been extensively studied. Here, we examined the interaction between the agricultural fungicide Pristine<sup>®</sup> (active ingredients: 25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) and high temperatures on critical honey bee behaviours. We have previously shown that consumption of field-realistic levels of this fungicide shortens worker lifespan in the field and impairs associative learning performance in a laboratory-based assay. We hypothesized that Pristine<sup>®</sup> would also impair homing and foraging behaviours in the field, and that an interaction with hot weather would exacerbate this effect. Both field-relevant Pristine<sup>®</sup> exposure and higher air temperatures reduced the probability of successful return on their own. Together, the two factors synergistically reduced the probability of return and increased the time required for bees to return to the hive. Pristine<sup>®</sup> did not affect the masses of pollen or volumes of nectar or water brought back to the hive by foragers, and it did not affect the ratio of forager types in a colony. However, Pristine<sup>®</sup>-fed bees brought more concentrated nectar back to the hive. As both agrochemical usage and heat waves increase, additive and synergistic negative effects may pose major threats to pollinators and sustainable agriculture. </p>
Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation: data resources & code
<p>Data presented in the manuscript "Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation" currently in review.</p> <p>The manuscript associated with this data was written using results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN, and the author list is a subset of the CLOUD collaboration.</p>
Genome-wide selection signatures reveal widespread synergistic effects of two different stressors in Drosophila melanogaster: scripts and files
<p>Pipeline and analysis scripts as well as final data files</p>
cal_synergistic_wf_eh_pediatric/dataset
<p>This repository contains the dataset needed for replication of the study on the synergistic health impacts from acute exposure to wildfire PM2.5 and extreme heat in California pediatric population.</p>
Synergistic homovalent and heterovalent substitution effects on piezoelectric and relaxor behavior in lead-free BaTiO3 ceramics
<p>This study investigates lead-free BaTiO3 (BT) perovskite ceramics, unraveling the synergistic effects arising from simultaneous homovalent (Zr) and heterovalent (Nb) substitution. Focusing on piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and relaxor behaviors, this research employs a comprehensive suite of analyses, including temperature-dependent<br>dielectric measurements, polarization-electric field hysteresis loops, and bipolar strain measurements. Significantly, our study unveils that the simultaneous substitution of Zr and Nb in the BT lattice induces roomtemperature relaxor behavior at relatively low concentrations (5 % Zr and 3 % Nb), yielding higher permittivity and larger maximum polarization compared to single element (Zr or Nb) substituted BT relaxors. Bipolar strain measurements showcase substantial large-signal d33* values (~250 pm/V) across a broad temperature range (–50 ◦C to 30 ◦C) for BT ceramics with simultaneous 5 % Zr and 2 % Nb substitution. This research advances understanding of homovalent and heterovalent substitution in BT ceramics and opens avenues for tailoring properties to suit specific applications. </p>
transynergy: synergistic prediction and pathway deconvolution of drug combinations
<p>Dataset used for transynergy: synergistic prediction and pathway deconvolution of drug combinations</p>
Flow Cytometry data from: "The EMT transcription factor Zeb1 is essential for HSPC differentiation that acts synergistically with Zeb2 in fine-tuning hematopoietic lineage fidelity"
<p>Abstract:</p> <p>The Zeb2 transcription factor has been demonstrated to play important roles in hematopoiesis and leukemic transformation. Zeb1 is a close family member of Zeb2 but has remained more enigmatic concerning its roles in hematopoiesis. Here we show using conditional loss of function approaches and bone marrow reconstitution experiments that Zeb1 plays cell autonomous role in hematopoietic lineage differentiation, particularly as a positive regulator of monocyte development in addition to its previously reported important role in T-cell differentiation. Analysis of existing single cell RNAseq data of early hematopoiesis has revealed distinctive expression differences between Zeb1 and Zeb2 in HSPC differentiation with Zeb2 being more highly and broadly expressed that Zeb1 except at a key transition point (ST-HSCàMPP1) whereby Zeb1 appears to be the dominantly expressed family member. Inducible deletion of both Zeb1 and Zeb2 using a tamoxifen inducible Cre-mediated approach leads to acute bone marrow failure at this transition point with increased long-term and shortterm hematopoietic stem cell numbers and an accompanying decrease in all hematopoietic lineage differentiation. Bioinformatics analysis of RNAseq data has revealed that Zeb2 acts predominantly as a transcriptional repressor involved in restraining mature hematopoietic lineage gene expression programs from being expressed too early in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Zeb1 appears to fine tune this repressive role during hematopoiesis to ensure hematopoietic lineage fidelity. Analysis of ROSA26 locus based transgenic models has revealed that Zeb1 as well as Zeb2 overexpression within the hematopoietic system can drive extramedullary hematopoiesis/splenomegaly and enhanced monocyte development. Finally, deletion of Zeb2 alone or Zeb1/2 together was found to enhance survival in secondary MLL-AF9 AML models attesting to the oncogenic role of Zeb1/2 in AML.</p> <p> </p> <p>Flow cytometric and Hematocrit analysis methods: </p> <p><br> Cells were stained with antibodies listed in the provided Supplemental Table (Antibodies.xlsx) according to the manufacturer guidelines. Flow cytometric analyses were performed on the LSRII and Fortessa X-20 cytometer (BD Biosciences) and the results were analysed by FACSDiva or FlowJo software (BD Biosciences). Cells for MLL-AF9 experiments and RNA-seq were stained and sorted on Influx or FACSAria Fusion sorters (BD Biosciences) at AMREP Flow Cytometry Core Facility and FlowCore, Monash University. <br> Submandibular blood samples were collected into EDTA-coated tubes, and hematology parameters were measured using a HemaVet 950FS automated blood analysis machine (Drew Scientific).</p>
Temperature and turbidity interact synergistically to alter anti-predator behaviour in the Trinidadian guppy
<p>Due to climate change, freshwater habitats are facing increasing temperatures and more extreme weather that disrupts water flow. Together with eutrophication and sedimentation from farming, quarrying and urbanisation, freshwaters are becoming more turbid as well as warmer. Predators and prey need to be able to respond to one another adaptively, yet how changes in temperature and turbidity interact to affect predator-prey behaviour remains unexplored. Using a fully factorial design, we tested the combined effects of increased temperature and turbidity on the behaviour of guppy shoals (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>) in the presence of one of their natural cichlid predators, the blue acara (<em>Andinoacara</em> <em>pulcher</em>). Our results demonstrate that the prey and predator were in closest proximity in warmer, turbid water, with an interaction between these stressors showing a greater than additive effect. There was also an interaction between the stressors in the inter-individual distances between the prey, where shoal cohesion increased with temperature in clear water, but decreased when temperature increased in turbid water. The closer proximity to predators and reduction in shoaling in turbid, warmer water may increase the risk of predation for the guppy, suggesting that the combined effects of elevated temperature and turbidity may favour predators rather than prey.</p>
Fig. 1 in The highs and lows of serow (Capricornis sumatraensis): multi-scale habitat associations inform large mammal conservation strategies in the face of synergistic threats of deforestation, hunting, and climate change
Fig. 1. Camera-trap image of mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) from the lowlands of the Pasoh Forest Reserve in Peninsular Malaysia at an elevation of ~100 m.
Fig. 4 in The highs and lows of serow (Capricornis sumatraensis): multi-scale habitat associations inform large mammal conservation strategies in the face of synergistic threats of deforestation, hunting, and climate change
Fig. 4. Regional-scale relationships between serow captures and covariates. Displayed are the variables within the top-performing multivariate model as assessed by lower AICc scores. All covariates are averaged at a 20-km radius around the study area.
Fig. 5 in The highs and lows of serow (Capricornis sumatraensis): multi-scale habitat associations inform large mammal conservation strategies in the face of synergistic threats of deforestation, hunting, and climate change
Fig. 5. The relationships between serow predicted abundance and habitat variables at the local scale from Royle-Nichols hierarchical models. Oil palm, roughness and Human Footprint Index were in the top performing multivariate model.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.