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CESM experiments for diverse impacts of ENSO on summertime synoptic-scale disturbance intensity over the tropical western North Pacific

<p>Experiments are conducted using Community Atmospheric Model version 5.2 (CAM-5.2; <a href="https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm1.1/cam/">https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm1.1/cam/</a>) which is the atmosphere component of Community Earth System Model (CESM) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The model resolution is f19_g16, with f19 finite volume grid (1.9&deg; latitude &times; 2.5&deg; longitude) for the atmosphere and land components combined with the gx1v6 displaced pole grid (approximately 1&deg;) for the ocean and ice components.</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Five sets of model experiments are designed in this study:</p> <ol> <li>Climatological SST forcing simulation (CLM-SST run): The CAM is forced by global climatological mean monthly SST that is obtained from OI version 2 SST data for the period from January 1982 to December 2020 and integrated for 30 years.</li> <li>Full SST forcing simulation (Full-SST run): The CAM is forced by global monthly OI version 2 SST and integrated from January 1982 to December 2020.</li> <li>Tropical central-eastern Pacific SST forcing simulation (CEP-SST run): The CAM is forced by total monthly SST in the domain of 15&deg;S&ndash;15&deg;N and 160&deg;E&ndash;80&deg;W and climatological mean monthly SST in the other regions and integrated from January 1982 to December 2020.</li> <li>Sensitivity experiments of tropical central-eastern Pacific SST anomalies: The CAM is forced by global climatological mean monthly SST from January to December plus composite JJA mean SST anomalies in El Ni&ntilde;o and La Ni&ntilde;a events in the tropical central-eastern Pacific (15&deg;S&ndash;15&deg;N, 160&deg;E&ndash;80&deg;W) and the above SST anomalies multiplied by -1 from May to December and integrated for 30 years. These four sensitivity experiments are referred to as CEP-EN, CEP-LN, CEP-ENrev, and CEP-LNrev, respectively.</li> <li>Double tropical central-eastern Pacific SST anomalies: The CAM is forced by global climatological mean monthly SST from January to December plus composite JJA mean SST anomalies during El Ni&ntilde;o and La Ni&ntilde;a events over the tropical central-eastern Pacific (15&deg;S&ndash;15&deg;N, 160&deg;E&ndash;80&deg;W) multiplied by 2 from May to December and integrated for 30 years. The simulations with composite SST anomalies derived from El Ni&ntilde;o (La Ni&ntilde;a) are referred to as CEP-2EN&nbsp;(CEP-2LN) runs.</li> </ol>