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3 results for “Synurophyceae”
FIGURES 2–11 in A new species of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae), Mallomonas spinosa sp. nov., from Vietnam
FIGURES 2–11. Mallomonas spinosa sp. nov. Fig. 2: Whole cell covered by scales bearing spines (holotype). Fig. 3: More detailed view of the body scales. Fig. 4: More detailed view of the apical part of the cell. Fig. 5: Bottom view of the base plates of the scales showing distinct group of small pores in the proximal part. Fig. 6: Scale without spine. Fig. 7: Lateral view of the scale, four-edged spine in top view. Fig. 8: Scale with distinct row of papillae on the anterior flange. Fig. 9: Scale showing further variation in the size of the depression containing pores on the base plate. Figs 10, 11: Low-silicified scales. Scale bars: Fig. 2: 5 µm; Figs. 3–4: 2 µm; Figs. 5–11: 1 µm
Data from: Assessing the evolutionary history of the class Synurophyceae (Heterokonta) using molecular, morphometric, and paleobiological approaches
Premise of the study: Heterokont algae of the class Synurophyceae, characterized by distinctive siliceous scales that cover the surface of the cell, are ecologically important in inland waters, yet their evolutionary history remains enigmatic. We explore phylogenetic relationships within this group of algae relative to geologic time, with a focus on evolution of siliceous components. Methods: We combined an expansive five-gene and time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of synurophyte algae with an extensive array of fossil specimens from the middle Eocene to infer evolutionary trends within the group. Key results: The group originated in the Jurassic approximately 157 million years ago (Ma), with the keystone genera Mallomonas and Synura diverging during the Early Cretaceous at 130 Ma. Mallomonas further splits into two major subclades, signaling the evolution of the V-rib believed to aid in the spacing and organization of scales on the cell covering. Synura also diverges into two primary subclades, separating taxa with forward-projecting spines on the scale from those with a keel positioned on the scale proper. Approximately one third of the fossil species are extinct, whereas the remaining taxa are linked to modern congeners. Conclusions: The taxonomy of synurophytes, which relies extensively on the morphology of the siliceous components, is largely congruent with molecular analyses. Scales of extinct synurophytes were significantly larger than those of modern taxa and may have played a role in their demise. In contrast, many fossil species linked to modern lineages were smaller in the middle Eocene, possibly reflecting growth in the greenhouse climatic state that characterized this geologic interval.
Data from: Assessing the evolutionary history of the class Synurophyceae (Heterokonta) using molecular, morphometric, and paleobiological approaches
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