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FIGURES 36, 37 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 36, 37. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., THIRD-INSTAR LARVA, CEPHALOPHARYNGEAL SKELETON: 36. VENTRAL VIEW; 37. LATERAL VIEW. SCALES LINES: 0.1MM.

FIGURES 17–26 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 17–26. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., PARATYPE FEMALE: 17–22. DRAWINGS OF STERNITES: 17. STERNITE 1; 18. STERNITE 2; 19. STERNITE 3; 20. STERNITE 4; 21. STERNITE 5; 22. STERNITE 6; 23. TERMINALIA, GENERAL VIEW: OVISCAPE, TAENIA, EVERSIBLE MEMBRANE, STERNITE 8, CERCI; 24. SPERMATHECAE AND SPERMATHECAL DUCT; 25. STERNITE 8 AND CERCI; 26. CERCI IN DETAIL. SCALES LINES: 0.2 MM.

FIGURES 1–7 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 1–7. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov.: 1. HOLOTYPE MALE, HABITUS, LATERAL VIEW; 2–3. PARATYPE FEMALE: 2. HABITUS, LATERAL VIEW; 3. WING; 4. PARATYPE MALE PRESERVED IN ALCOHOL, DORSAL VIEW; 5–7. HOLOTYPE MALE, HEAD: 5. FRONTAL VIEW; 6. DORSAL VIEW; 7. LATERAL VIEW. SCALES LINES: FIGS 1–4: 1.0 MM; FIGS 5–7: 0.5 MM.

FIGURES 27–35 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 27–35. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., THIRD-INSTAR LARVA: 27. GENERAL VIEW, LATERAL; 28. ANTERIOR REGION, VENTRAL; 29, 30: ANTERIOR SPIRACLE (NOT CLAREAD AND CLEARED, RESPECTIVELLY); 31. DRAWING LINE OF POSTERIOR SPIRACLE; 32. POSTERIOR REGION, VENTRAL; 33 – 35: POSTERIOR SPIRACLES: 33. GENERAL VIEW; 34. IN DETAIL, NOT CLAREAD; 35. IN DETAIL, CLAREAD. ABBREVIATIONS: An: ANTENNA; ES: ECDYSIAL SCAR; MSO: MAXILLARY SENSE ORGAN; OA: ORAL AREA; P: PERITREME; SH: SPIRACULAR HAIRS; SO: SPIRACULAR OPENING. SCALES LINES: FIG. 27: 2.0MM; FIGS 28, 29, 32–34: 0.2 MM; FIG. 30 = 0.1 MM.

FIGURES 8–16 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 8–16. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., PARATYPE MALE: 8–11. DRAWINGS OF STERNITES: 8. STERNITE 2; 9. STERNITE 3; 10. STERNITE 4; 11. STERNITE 5; 12–13. DRAWING OF EPANDRIUM (SETAE NOT REPRESENTED), LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURSTYLI, AND CERCI: 12. POSTERIOR VIEW; 13 LATERAL VIEW; 14. LATEROPOSTERIOR GENERAL VIEW: STERNITE 6, SYNTERGOSTERNITE 7 + 8, SPIRACLES 6 AND 7, EPANDRIUM, LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURSTYLI, CERCI, BASIPHALLUS AND DISTIPHALLUS (BLACK ARROW INDICATES THE VESTIGIAL SPIRACLE ON STERNITE VI); 15. DISTIPHALLUS, APEX IN DETAIL; 16. MEDIAL SURTYLUS IN DETAIL. SCALES LINES: FIGS 8–14: 0.2 MM; FIGS 15, 16: 0.1 MM.

FIGURES 46–52 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 46–52. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., PUPARIUM: 46. LATERAL VIEW; 47. DORSAL VIEW; 48. VENTRAL VIEW, PUPARIUM DISSECTED AND CLARIFIED, 49–52: ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS: 49. CREEPING WELT I; 50. CREEPING WELT V; 51. SPIRACULAR PLATE, POSTERIOR SPIRACLE; 52. PERIANAL PAD AND CREEPING WELT VIII. ABBREVIATIONS: CW: CREEPING WELT; T1, 2, 3: THORAXIC SEGMENT 1, 2, 3. SCALE LINES: FIGS 46–48: 1.0 MM; FIGS 49–52 =0.2MM.

FIGURES 38–45 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 38–45. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., THIRD-INSTAR LARVA, ABDOMINAL SEGMENT, LOCOMOTORY STRUCTURES, VENTRAL VIEW: 38. CREEPING WELT I (CW I); 39. CREEPING WELT II (BLACK BAR INDICATES THE EVIDENT DISTANCE BETWEEN THE MEDIAL ROW AND NEXT ROW); 40. CREEPING WELT III; 41. CREEPING WELT IV; 42. CREEPING WELT V;43. CREEPING WELT VI; 44. CREEPING WELT VII; 45. CREEPING WELT VIII. ABBREVIATIONS: CW: CREEPING WELT. BLACK ARROWS INDICATE THE MEDIAL, ALMOST CONTINUOUS AND REGULAR ROW. SCALE LINES: 0.1MM.

Figure 5 in The cowl does not make the monk: scarab beetle pollination of the Neotropical aroid Taccarum ulei (Araceae: Spathicarpeae)

Figure 5. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) representation of eight selected floral traits (stress = 0.088, R2 axis 1 = 0.73, R2 axis 2 = 0.42), comprising all known taxa from the Zantedeschia clade (13 genera, 26 species; taken from Gibernau et al., 2010). Each different plot marker corresponds to a particular clade or tribe, detailed in the bottom caption. Black elipses delimit the genera Dieffenbachia, Homalomena and Philodendron.

Figure 4 in The cowl does not make the monk: scarab beetle pollination of the Neotropical aroid Taccarum ulei (Araceae: Spathicarpeae)

Figure 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) representation of eight selected floral traits (stress = 0.088, R2 axis 1 = 0.73, R2 axis 2 = 0.42) obtained from 69 species of the family Araceae (taken from Gibernau et al., 2010). Each different plot marker corresponds to a pollination syndrome (Chouteau et al., 2008), detailed at the bottom caption. Taccarum ulei is represented by the larger grey triangle.

Figure 2 in The cowl does not make the monk: scarab beetle pollination of the Neotropical aroid Taccarum ulei (Araceae: Spathicarpeae)

Figure 2. Taccarum ulei: A, habit; B, Cyclocephala celata (Scarabaeidae, Cyclocephalini) over pistillate flowers on day 1 of anthesis; C, Cyclocephala cearae crowding inside a thermogenic and odoriferous inflorescence on day 1 of anthesis; D, pollen-covered Cyclocephala cearae over the male zone of the spadix on day 2 of anthesis, ready to fly away; E, Melanoloma sp. (Richardiidae) visiting an inflorescence on day 2 of anthesis; F, pupae of Melanoloma sp. attached to the inner surface of the spathe. Photos: A.C.D. Maia and C. Schlindwein.

Figure 1 in The cowl does not make the monk: scarab beetle pollination of the Neotropical aroid Taccarum ulei (Araceae: Spathicarpeae)

Figure 1. Simplified phylogeny of the Zantedeschia clade, redrawn from Cusimano et al. (2011) and Gonçalves et al. (2007). Geographical information is taken from Mayo, Bogner & Boyce (1997), and pollinator records are from Gibernau (2011). Within the Spathicarpeae, the boxes outlined by dotted lines indicate taxa with biogeographical distribution essentially restricted to lowland forests. Taxa restricted to the Andean highlands are indicated by the grey box.

Figure 3 in The cowl does not make the monk: scarab beetle pollination of the Neotropical aroid Taccarum ulei (Araceae: Spathicarpeae)

Figure 3. Thermogenesis in Taccarum ulei during the 2-day flowering cycle: A, temperature curves of different zones of the spadix of one inflorescence; B, temperature differences between the middle of the male zone of the spadix and ambient air, measured from two inflorescences. The vertical grey bands represent the heating interval during the female phase (day 1).