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Fig. 9 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 9 Mitochondrial genomes of Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis, I. (Endo.) barkeri, I. (Endo.) woyliei and I. (Exopalpiger) fecialis. Protein-coding genes are shown in green, tRNAs are in yellow, rRNAs are in red, and the two control regions are in blue. Protein-coding genes are labelled by their four-character abbreviations, tRNAs are labelled by their one-letter amino acid abbreviations, and the two control regions are labelled as CR1 and CR2. Mitochondrial genome size variation is indicated in parentheses. The arrangement of genes in these four species is identical except that the main cluster of tRNA genes has the arrangement ARNSEF in the three species of Endopalpiger [I. (Endo.) australiensis, I. (End.) barkeri and I. (End.) woyliei], whereas in the one species of Exopalpiger [I. (Exo.) fecialis] the arrangement is ARNESF. The arrangement in I. (Exo.) fecialis is the first known arrangement in an Ixodidae tick that is different from ARNSEF.Thus, ARNESF might be a synapomorphy for the subgenus Exopalpiger

Fig. 7 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 7 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of larva. A Scutum. B Gnathosoma, dorsal view. C Gnathosoma, ventral view. D Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. E Coxae. Scale bars: A, E 0.1 mm; B–D, 0.05 mm

Fig. 1 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 1 The four known localities in Australia, Queensland (Qld), of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, are indicated by white-with-red dots

Fig. 10 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 10 Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree from entire mt genomes (14,935 bps). The sequence alignment was put though Gblocks to remove regions with alignment gaps.Tip labels indicate NCBI accession numbers and (Barker & Barker Collection reference nos.). Numbers above branches show maximum likelihood bootstrap support, whereas numbers below branches show the Bayesian posterior probability support. Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946, one of the species "Other Ixodes" (sensu Barker & Murrell, 2004), for which an entire mitochondrial (mt) genome was available in GenBank, was set as the outgroup. The scale bar indicates 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site for the 14,935 nucleotide sites in our alignment of theses entire mt genomes. So, for example, there were about 896 nucleotide substitutions along the branch that leads to I. (Ceratixodes) uriae plus I. (Sternalixodes) holocyclus plus I. (Exopalpiger) fecialis, which is marked with an asterisk [i.e. 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site × 14,935 nucleotide sites (bps) = 1896 nucleotide substitutions]. Ticks in bold were sequenced in the present study

Fig. 4 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 4 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of female. A Idiosoma, dorsal view. B Scutum, dorsal view. C Scutum, dorsolateral view. D Idiosoma showing scutum and alloscutum with punctations and setae, dorsal centrolateral portion. E Idiosoma, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E 0.5 mm; B, C 0.2 mm; D 0.1 mm

Fig. 6 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 6 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of nymph. A Scutum. B Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). C Gnathosoma, dorsal view. D Gnathosoma, ventral view. E Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. F Coxae. Scale bars: A, C–F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm

Fig. 5 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 5 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of female. A Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). B Gnathosoma, dorsal view. C Gnathosoma, ventral view (I, palpal article 1; II, palpal article 2; ss the strongly salient part of palpal article 1). D Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. E Coxae. F Trochanter I, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, F, 0.1 mm; B–E, 0.2 mm

Fig. 8 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 8 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, light microscopy image of female (Barker & Barker Collection reference #B5321), male (# B4994), nymph (#B5321) and larva (# B5321). Horizontal broken scale bars: 1 mm; vertical scale bars also in mm

Fig. 2 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 2 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of idiosoma of male. A Dorsal view; B dorsolateral view; C ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm

Fig. 3 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 in Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick

Fig. 3 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of male. A Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). B Gnathosoma, dorsal view. C Gnathosoma, ventral view. D Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. E Coxae. F Trochanter I, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D, F 0.1 mm; E, 0.2 mm

Text-fig. 10. Dorsal view of endocranium of a ca. 53 mm Tachyglossus aculeatus. Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. con: orbitonasal commissure; tn: tectum nasi. (Modified from Kuhn 1971.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 10. Dorsal view of endocranium of a ca. 53 mm Tachyglossus aculeatus. Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. con: orbitonasal commissure; tn: tectum nasi. (Modified from Kuhn 1971.)

Text-fig. 9. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Transverse section through the orbital region of the head of a juvenile specimen. ms: sphenobturatory membrane; plb: palatine bone; psw: primary endocranial sidewall; sll: secondary lateral lamella of Kuhn (1971); this endocranial process (blue) is here interpreted as a derivative of the cartilago teniformis. (From Kuhn and Zeller 1987.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 9. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Transverse section through the orbital region of the head of a juvenile specimen. ms: sphenobturatory membrane; plb: palatine bone; psw: primary endocranial sidewall; sll: secondary lateral lamella of Kuhn (1971); this endocranial process (blue) is here interpreted as a derivative of the cartilago teniformis. (From Kuhn and Zeller 1987.)

Text-fig. 7. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Ventrolateral view of the head endoskeleton of a specimen shortly after it had left the pouch. fp: foramen prooticum; lpc: limbus praecapsularis (blue); ls: supracapsular lamina. (Modified from Gaupp 1913.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 7. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Ventrolateral view of the head endoskeleton of a specimen shortly after it had left the pouch. fp: foramen prooticum; lpc: limbus praecapsularis (blue); ls: supracapsular lamina. (Modified from Gaupp 1913.)

Text-fig. 8. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Transverse section through the temporal region of the adult head. Membranous parts blue, autostoses brown and allostoses purple. gg: ganglion gasseri; lop: lamina obturatoria periotici; ms: sphenobturatory membrane; mt: musculus temporalis; oo: os obturans; opa: parietal bone. (Modified from Kuhn and Zeller 1987.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 8. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Transverse section through the temporal region of the adult head. Membranous parts blue, autostoses brown and allostoses purple. gg: ganglion gasseri; lop: lamina obturatoria periotici; ms: sphenobturatory membrane; mt: musculus temporalis; oo: os obturans; opa: parietal bone. (Modified from Kuhn and Zeller 1987.)

Fig. 8 in Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)

Fig. 8.—Adult Tachyglossus aculeatus using strong front claws to tear open rotting timber, exposing an insect larvae food source. The tip of the rapid moving, long tongue is visible. Photograph by Peggy D. Rismiller and Mike McKelvey used with permission.

Fig. 4 in Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)

Fig. 4.—Frontal view of walking adult female Tachyglossus aculeatus at Flinders Chase National Park. The small eyes are located on either side of the base of the beak and nares are close to the tip. Photograph by Peggy D. Rismiller and Mike McKelvey used with permission.

Fig. 1 in Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)

Fig. 1.—Adult male Tachyglossus aculeatus from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Photograph by Peggy D. Rismiller and Mike McKelvey used with permission.

Fig. 3 in Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)

Fig. 3.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male Tachyglossus aculeatus from Kangaroo Island (BTL1, Pelican Lagoon Research & Wildlife Centre, Kangaroo Island, South Australia). Greatest length of the skull is 99.7 mm. Photograph by Mike McKelvey used with permission.

Fig. 7.—A 50 in Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)

Fig. 7.—A 50-day-old Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus shortly before being placed in a nursery burrow as hair and spines have started to grow. Photograph by Peggy D. Rismiller and Mike McKelvey used with permission.

Fig. 2 in Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)

Fig. 2.—Rear view of adult Tachyglossus aculeatus in natural woodland habitat, showing dorsal midline crossing of spines and tail spine rosettes. Photograph by Peggy D. Rismiller and Mike McKelvey used with permission.