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16 results for “Temperature Buffering”
Code and data for Mire microclimate: groundwater buffers temperature in waterlogged versus dry soils.
<p>Version of record of the manuscript's code and data, as accepted by the International Journal of Climatology.</p>
Effects of drying temperature on potential carbon mineralization and water-extractable organic carbon in Iowa cropland and riparian buffer soils
Measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) produced after re-wetting a previously dried soil is an increasingly popular soil health assay, but there is disagreement on the optimal soil drying temperature. We tested whether soil drying temperature impacts water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and soil CO2 emissions (potential carbon mineralization) following rewetting of dried soil. Samples were collected at four sites in north-central Iowa, US, and each site had soils planted to corn/soybean or perennial vegetation. The dataset includes measurements of WEOC prior to the incubation experiment, and measurements of CO2 flux and its stable carbon isotope ratio over the course of a 28-day incubation. The manuscript describing these data is under review in Geoderma.
Sexual selection buffers the negative consequences of population fragmentation on adaptive plastic responses to increasing temperatures
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Whether sexual selection facilitates or hampers the ability to plastically respond to novel environments might depend on population structure, via its effects on </span><span>sexual interactions and associated fitness payoffs</span><span>. Using experimentally evolved lines </span><span>of the seed beetle <em>Callosobruchus maculatus,</em> we tested whether individuals evolving under different sexual selection (monogamy vs polygamy) and population spatial structure (metapopulation vs undivided populations) treatments differed in their response across developmental thermal conditions (control, hot or stressful) in a range of fitness and fitness-associated traits. We found that individuals from subdivided populations had lower lifetime reproductive success (LRS) at hot temperatures, but only in lines evolving under relaxed sexual selection, revealing a complex interaction between sexual selection, population structure, and thermal environmental stress on fitness. We also found an effect of population structure on several traits, including fertility and adult emergence success, under exposure to high thermal conditions. Finally, we found a strong negative effect of hot and stressful temperatures in fitness and associated traits. Our results show that population structure can exacerbate the impact of a warming climate, potentially leading to declines in population viability, but that sexual selection can buffer the negative influence of population subdivision on adaptation to warm temperatures</span><span>.</span></p>
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
<p><span>The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world </span><span>are</span><span> testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increase with species richness, although the ecological fundaments have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which this it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we </span><span>used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. </span><span>Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and</span> <span>indirect influence of</span><span> climate</span><span>, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. </span></p> <p><span>We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures</span><span>,</span><span> the level (overyielding: +6%) </span><span>and </span><span>stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We </span><span>identified </span><span>the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further </span><span>confirmed</span><span> asynchrony as </span><span>the </span><span>main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications</span><span>.</span> <span>This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two-species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. </span><span>The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. </span><span>Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies. </span></p>
Data collection that describes the calibration of the temporal and displacement characteristics of an optical tweezers in buffered saline at room temperature.
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>. This data provides the calibration of an optical tweezers within the linear Hookian region. Once the laser was aligned, the power at the objective measured and a bead trapped the instrument was calibrated. <strong>Data Collection</strong>. Calibration was performed by moving a trapped bead by supplying a periodic square wave train input (amplitude: −800 to +800 nm, period: 80 ms) to an acousto-optical device, AOD and monitoring the trajectory of the bead in the 𝑋𝑌 plane with a quadrant photo diode, QPD for ~ one minute. Data was collected at 200 kHz from three (3) QPD channels: displacement in the 𝑋 (∆𝑋<sub>𝑀</sub>) (i) and 𝑌 directions (∆𝑌<sub>𝑀</sub>) (ii) and the sum of the fluorescent intensity (∑<sub>𝐿</sub>) (iii). Typically, each bead was stimulated with a train of square waves of constant amplitude in the 𝑋 direction. This stimulation was performed four (4) times at each of the different amplitudes i.e., −800, +800, −500, and +500 nm. The QPD signal in the dark, ∆𝑋<sub>𝐷</sub>, ∆𝑌<sub>𝐷</sub>, ∑<sub>𝐷</sub> was recorded and subtracted in real time, and the gain, 𝐺 of the QPD noted. The Stokes-Faxen coefficient, 𝛽 was calculated having recorded the height of the bead above the Petri dish, ℎ and the viscosity, 𝜂 of the saline solution. The detected fluorescent bead was excited either with a Xenon lamp or TLED transmitted light source. Some calibrations were performed with a TLED light that was borrowed from the manufacturer for testing, and the signal to noise of these measurements was significantly decreased.<strong> Data Transformation</strong>. For each of the two (2) channels the measured signal was normalized by the sum, and the ~750 waves were averaged for each pulse train stimulus. The reciprocal of the time constant (s<sup>-1</sup>) was determined from the exponential rise or decay of the back-ground subtracted averaged response. Spring constant (pN/nm) was determined from the product of this reciprocal time constant and the Stokes-Faxen coefficient (pNs/nm). The net displacement of the bead (nm) was calculated by determining the resultant vector of the 𝑋 and 𝑌 components of the QPD (V/V). For the four (4) stimuli determined for each bead the normalized displacement (V/V) was plotted as a function of net bead displacement and the slope (V/V/nm) calculated from best linear fit. For each calibration the mean spring constant, reciprocal time constant, and mean slope are provided. <strong>Data Format</strong>. The data was saved in LabView with the proprietary TDMS format (National Instruments, NI, Austin, TX). It was transformed to a text file and imported into MATLAB (The Mathworks, Natick, MA) and stored as struct and analyzed with a Python script. The collection contains raw and transformed results from 69 days for a total 153 beads. The data is provided with annotated descriptions in HDF5, a standard non-proprietary container storage format. Each file is about 1.1 GBs (HDF5).</p> <p> </p> <p>The package contains:</p> <p>1. Standard Container HDF5 with custom organization format of data with annotations.</p> <p>2. Python Script (calibrateopticaltweezers.py file) that describes how data is analyzed and written to HDF5 and .MAT formats. (1 file)<br> </p>
300 K time-resolved photoluminescence on sample set- Buffer temperature series-Sample C3206
<p>Raw data of time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on the sample C3206 (buffer grown at 870 °C) in the buffer temperature sample set</p>
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
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Sexual selection buffers the negative consequences of population fragmentation on adaptive plastic responses to increasing temperatures
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Temperature-mediated plasticity in incubation schedules is unlikely to evolve to buffer embryos from climatic challenges in a seasonal songbird
<p>Phenotypic plasticity is hypothesised to facilitate adaptive responses to challenging conditions, such as those resulting from climate change. However, the key predictions of this 'rescue hypothesis', that variation in plasticity exists and can evolve to buffer unfavourable conditions, remain rare. Here, we investigate among-female variation in temperature-mediated plasticity of incubation schedules and consequences for egg temperatures using the chestnut-crowned babbler (<i>Pomatostomus ruficeps</i>) from temperate regions of inland south-eastern Australia. Given phenological advances in this seasonal breeder and thermal requirements of developing embryos (> ~25 °C, optimally ~38 °C), support for evolutionary rescue - perhaps paradoxically - requires that plasticity serves to buffer embryos more from sub-optimally low temperatures. We found significant variation in the duration of incubation bouts (mean ± SD = 27 ± 22 min) and foraging bouts (mean ± SD = 17 ± 11 min) in this maternal-only incubator. However, these patterns arose because of variation in the extent to which mothers increased on- and off-bout durations when temperatures (0-36 °C) were more favourable rather than unfavourable as required under rescue. In addition, there was a strong positive intercept-slope correlation in on-bout durations, indicating that those with stronger plastic responses incubated more at average temperatures (~19 °C). Combined, these effects reduced the functional significance of plastic responses: an individual's plasticity was neither associated with daily contributions to incubation (i.e. attentiveness) nor average egg temperatures. Our results highlight that despite significant among-individual variation in environmental-sensitivity, plasticity in parental care traits need not evolve to facilitate buffering against unfavourable conditions.</p>
Data from: Parental care buffers against effects of ambient temperature on offspring performance in an insect
Understanding how animals respond to and cope with variation in ambient temperature is an important priority. The reason for this is that ambient temperature is a key component of the physical environment that influences offspring performance in a wide range of ectotherms and endotherms. Here, we investigate whether post-hatching parental care provides a behavioral mechanism for buffering against the effects of ambient temperature on offspring in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We used a 3×2 factorial design where we manipulated ambient temperature (15, 20 or 25°C) and parental care (presence or absence of a female parent after hatching). We found that the effect of ambient temperature on offspring performance was conditional upon the presence or absence of a caring female. Fewer larvae survived in the absence than in the presence of a caring female at 15°C whilst there was no difference in larval survival at 20 and 25°C. Our results show that parental care buffers against some of the detrimental effects of variation in ambient temperature on offspring. We suggest that post-hatching parental care may buffer against such effects by creating a more benign environment or by boosting offspring resilience towards stressors. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of parental care because they suggest that the evolution of parental care could allow species to expand their geographical range to colonize areas with harsher climatic conditions than they otherwise would tolerate.
Raw data for publication titled " GaN buffer growth temperature and efficiency of InGaN/GaN quantum wells: The critical role of nitrogen vacancies at the GaN surface"
<p>Raw data (Time-resolved photoluminescence and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) used for the publication: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040326">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040326</a></p> <p>Layer sequence of each sample could be found in the excel sheet named SampleLibrary</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Parental care buffers against effects of ambient temperature on offspring performance in an insect
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Data from: Microhabitats in the tropics buffer temperature in a globally coherent manner
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Temperature-mediated plasticity in incubation schedules is unlikely to evolve to buffer embryos from climatic challenges in a seasonal songbird
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Data from: Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe
Aim: Forest understory microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of understory microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e. local factors), as well as forest patch size and distance to coast (i.e. landscape factors). Location: Temperate forests in Europe Time period: 2017-2018 Major taxa studied: Woody plants Methods: We combined data from a microclimate sensor network with weather station records to calculate the difference – or offset – between temperatures measured inside and outside forests. We used regression analysis to study the effects of local and landscape factors on the seasonal offset of minimum, mean and maximum temperatures. Results: Maximum temperature during summer was on average cooler by 2.1 °C and minimum temperature during winter and spring were 0.4 °C and 0.9 °C warmer inside than outside forests. The local canopy cover was a strong non-linear driver of the maximum temperature offset during summer, and we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast the deepest shade. Seasonal offsets of minimum temperature were mainly regulated by landscape and topographic features, such as the distance to coast and topographic position. Main conclusions: Forest organisms experience less severe temperature extremes than suggested by currently available macroclimate data, so climate-species relationships and species' responses to anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately in forests using macroclimate data alone. Changes in canopy cover and composition will strongly modulate warming of maximum temperatures in forest understories, with important implications for understanding responses of forest biodiversity and functioning to the combined threats of land-use change and climate change. Our predictive models are generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous forests, providing ecologically important microclimate data for forest understories.
Data from: Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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