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30 results for “Temporal niche”
Niche expansion of capuchin monkeys to forest floor on guild-reduced islands increases interspecific spatio-temporal overlap
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Widespread temporal niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes
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Spatial and temporal niche overlap of aardwolves and aardvarks in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
<p>Species interactions can influence species distributions, but mechanisms mitigating competition or facilitating positive interactions between ecologically similar species are often poorly understood. Aardwolves (<em>Proteles cristata</em>) and aardvarks (<em>Orycteropus afer</em>) are nocturnal, insectivorous mammals that co-occur in eastern and southern Africa, and knowledge of these species is largely limited to their nutritional biology. We used aardwolf and aardvark detections from 106 remote cameras during 2016–2018 to assess their spatial and temporal niche overlap in the grasslands of Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Using a multispecies occupancy model, we identified a positive interaction between occupancy probabilities for aardwolves and aardvarks. Slope, proportion of grassland, and termite mound density did not affect occupancy probabilities of either species. Probability of aardwolf, but not aardvark, occupancy increased with distance to permanent water sources, which may relate to predation risk avoidance. Diel activity overlap between aardwolves and aardvarks was high during wet and dry seasons, with both species being largely nocturnal. Aardwolves and aardvarks have an important ecological role as termite consumers, and aardvarks are suggested to be ecosystem engineers. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal niche of insectivores like aardwolves and aardvarks, suggesting high spatial and temporal niche overlap in which commensalism occur, whereby aardwolves benefit from aardvark presence through increased food accessibility.</p>
Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflect sustained divergent trophic niches
<p>Polymorphic Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus populations frequently display distinct differences in habitat use, diet and parasite communities. Changes to the relative species densities and composition of the wider fish community have the potential to alter the habitat-niche of sympatric Arctic charr populations. This study evaluated the temporal stability of the parasite community, diet and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of three sympatric Arctic charr morphs (piscivore, benthivore and planktivore) from Loch Rannoch, Scotland, in relation to changes to the fish community. All Arctic charr morphs displayed distinct differences parasite communities, diet and stable isotope signatures over time, despite the establishment of four new trophically transmitted parasite taxa, and increased fish and zooplankton consumption by the piscivorous and planktivore morphs respectively. Native parasite prevalence also increased in all Arctic charr morphs. Overall, Loch Rannoch polymorphic Arctic charr morph populations have maintained their distinct trophic niches and parasite communities through time despite changes in the fish community. This result indicates that restocking of a native fish species has the potential to induce shifts in the parasite community and diet of Arctic charr morphs.</p>
Resource competition shapes biological rhythms and promotes temporal niche differentiation in a community simulation
<p>This is the code and dataset for the article entitled "Resource competition shapes biological rhythms and promotes temporal niche differentiation in a community simulation," in the journal Ecology and Evolution.</p> <ul> <li>Competition for resources often contributes strongly to defining an organism's ecological niche. Endogenous biological rhythms are important adaptations to the temporal dimension of niches, but how other organisms influence such temporal niches have not been much studied, and the role of competition in particular has been even less examined. We investigated how interspecific and intraspecific competition for resources shape an organism's activity rhythms.</li> <li>To do this, we simulated communities of one or two species in an agent-based model. Individuals in the simulation move according to a circadian activity rhythm and compete for limited resources. Probability of reproduction is proportional to an individual's success in obtaining resources. Offspring may have variance in rhythm parameters, which allow for the population to evolve over time.</li> <li>We demonstrate that when organisms are arrhythmic, one species will always be competitively excluded from the environment, but the existence of activity rhythms allows niche differentiation and indefinite coexistence of the two species. Two species which are initially active at the same phase will differentiate their phase angle of entrainment over time to avoid each other. When only one species is present in an environment, competition within the species strongly selects for niche expansion through arrhythmicity, but the addition of an interspecific competitor facilitates evolution of increased rhythmic amplitude when combined with additional adaptations for temporal specialization. Finally, if individuals preferentially mate with others who are active at similar times of day, then disruptive selection by intraspecific competition can split one population into two reproductively isolated groups separated in activity time.</li> <li>These simulations suggest that biological rhythms are an effective method to temporally differentiate ecological niches, and that competition is an important ecological pressure promoting the evolution of rhythms and sleep. This is the first study to use ecological modeling to examine biological rhythms.</li> </ul>
Spatial and temporal niche overlap of aardwolves and aardvarks in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
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Resource competition shapes biological rhythms and promotes temporal niche differentiation in a community simulation
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Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflect sustained divergent trophic niches
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Temporal variability and flooding influence the ecological niche of <em>Biomphalaria</em> intermediate hosts for <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> in rural Uganda
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Temporal niche dynamics of spreading native invertebrates underlie doubling of richness in pristine temperate streams
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Quantifying temporal variation in dietary niche to reveal drivers of past population declines; stable isotope, harvest trends, and land use
<p><b>1.</b> Given the long and dynamic history of anthropogenic disturbances to ecosystems, it is difficult to determine the drivers of past population declines. These uncertainties dilute the efficacy of conservation efforts and might hinder species and ecosystem recovery.</p> <p><b>2.</b> Niche quantification can be a useful tool for understanding drivers of past population declines. Niche parameters reflect key resources used, providing insight into the conditions needed to achieve population stability. By reconstructing a population's niche position and space over a period of decline and comparing to historic baselines, shifts in the realized niche of a species can be assessed. Comparing shifts to historic information on resource availability and timing of declines can allow practitioners to identify probable drivers of species decline.</p> <p><span><b>3.</b> We demonstrated the utility of this technique by reconstructing parameters of isotopic dietary niche over a 130 year period and comparing isotopic niche reconstructions to land use and crop harvests during this same period via regression and Bayesian standard ellipsoid (SIBER) analyses. We use a formerly widespread but now endangered species, the eastern spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale putorius</i>), addressing the hypothesis that land use change and agricultural intensification led to a historical collapse of key dietary resources which correlates with population declines in this species. To help control for isotopic variability unrelated to population decline, we compare trends to those of a secure, but ecologically similar generalist mesocarnivore, the striped skunk (<i>Mephitis mephitis</i>), across the same spatiotemporal scale. </span></p> <p><b>4.</b> We present evidence that historic dietary changes occurred in spotted skunks in the early 1900s but not to the same degree in striped skunks. Changes in isotopic composition correspond with the temporal period of decline and are explained by concurrent changes in land use. These results support the hypothesis that loss of key dietary resources as a result of land use change and agricultural intensification played a significant role in population declines of spotted skunks in this region.</p>
Temporal variability is key to modelling the climatic niche
<p><strong>Aim</strong><i>:</i> Niche-based species distribution models (SDMs) have become a ubiquitous tool in ecology and biogeography. These models relate species occurrences with the environmental conditions found at these sites. Climatic variables are the most commonly used environmental data, and are usually included in SDMs as averages of a reference period (30-50 years). In this study we analyze the impact of including inter-annual climatic variability on the estimation of species niches and predicted distributions when assessing plant demographic response to extreme climatic episodes.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong><i>:</i> Mediterranean basin, SE Iberian Peninsula.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong><i>:</i> We first characterized species niches with inter-annual and average climate in the same environmental space. We then compare the respective capacities of climatic suitability obtained from averaged climate-based and from inter-annual variability-based niches to explain population demographic responses to extreme drought. Furthermore, we assessed the relative increase in niche size when including climatic variability for a set of Mediterranean species exhibiting a wide range of distribution areas.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong><i>:</i> We found that climatic suitability obtained from inter-annual variability-based niches showed higher explanatory capacity than average climate-based suitability, especially for populations living in climatically marginal conditions, although both niches quantifications significantly explained species demographic responses. In addition, species with restricted distribution ranges increased relatively more their niche space when considering climatic variability, probably because in widely distributed species spatial variability compensates for temporal variability.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong><i>:</i> The common use of climatic averages when characterizing species niches could lead to underestimations of species distribution and misunderstanding of demographic behavior, with implications for conservation plans derived from SDMs, e.g. overestimations of species extinction risk under climate change, or underestimations of alien species invasion' risk. We highlight that including climatic variability in niche modelling can be particularly important when dealing with species with restricted distribution and populations at the margin of their species niche.</p>
Data from: Biophysical modeling of the temporal niche: from first principles to the evolution of activity patterns
Most mammals can be characterized as nocturnal or diurnal. However infrequently, species may overcome evolutionary constraints and alter their activity patterns. We modeled the fundamental temporal niche of a diurnal desert rodent, the golden spiny mouse, Acomys russatus. This species can shift into nocturnal activity in the absence of its congener, the common spiny mouse, A. cahirinus, suggesting that it was competitively driven into diurnality, and that this shift in a small desert rodent may involve physiological costs. Therefore, we compared metabolic costs of diurnal vs. nocturnal activity using a biophysical model to evaluate the preferred temporal niche of this species. The model predicted that energy expenditure during foraging is almost always lower during the day except during mid-day in summer at the less sheltered microhabitat. We also found that a shift in summer to foraging in less sheltered microhabitats in response to predation pressure and food availability involves a significant physiological cost moderated by midday reduction in activity. Thus adaptation to diurnality may reflect the 'ghost of competition past'; Climate-driven diurnality is an alternative but less likely hypothesis. While climate is considered to play a major role in the physiology and evolution of mammals, this is the first study to model its effect on the evolution of activity patterns of mammals.
Data from: Exploration profiles drive activity patterns and temporal niche specialization in a wild rodent
<p>Individual niche specialization can have important consequences for competition, fitness, and ultimately population dynamics and ecological speciation. The temporal window and the level of daily activity are niche components that may vary with sex, breeding season, food supply, population density, and predator's circadian rhythm. More recently, ecologists emphasized that traits such as dispersal and space use could depend on personality differences. Boldness and exploration have been shown to correlate with variation in foraging patterns, habitat use, and home range. Here we assessed the link between exploration, measured from repeated novel environment tests, activity patterns, and temporal niche specialization in wild eastern chipmunks (<i>Tamias striatus</i>). Intrinsic differences in exploration should drive daily activity patterns through differences in energy requirements, space use, or the speed to access resources. We used collar-mounted accelerometers to assess whether individual exploration profiles predicted: (1) daily overall dynamic body acceleration, reflecting overall activity levels; (2) mean activity duration and the rate of activity sequences, reflecting the structure of daily activity; and (3) patterns of dawn and dusk activity, reflecting temporal niche differentiation. Exploration and overall activity levels were weakly related. However, both dawn activity and rate of activity sequences increased with the speed of exploration. Overall, activity patterns varied according to temporal variability in food conditions. This study emphasizes the role of intrinsic behavioral differences in activity patterns in a wild animal population. Future studies will help us understand how yearly seasonality in reproduction, food abundance, and population density modulate personality-dependent foraging patterns and temporal niche specialization.</p>
Temporal variability is key to modelling the climatic niche
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Data from: Biophysical modeling of the temporal niche: from first principles to the evolution of activity patterns
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Data from: Exploration profiles drive activity patterns and temporal niche specialization in a wild rodent
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Quantifying temporal variation in dietary niche to reveal drivers of past population declines; stable isotope, harvest trends, and land use
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Data from: Phenotypic plasticity allows the Mediterranean parsley frog Pelodytes punctatus to exploit two contrasted temporal niches under continuous gene flow
Environmental changes, such as climate change, lead to the opening of new niches. In such situations, species that adapt to new niches can survive and/or expand their ranges. However, gene flow can hamper genetic adaptation to new environments. Alternatively, recent models have highlighted the importance of phenotypic plasticity in tracking environmental change. In this study, we illustrate how plasticity allows an amphibian species to exploit two very different climatic niches under continuous gene flow. In the Mediterranean region, the parsley frog Pelodytes punctatus breeds both in spring, as do most other species, and in autumn, a temporal niche not exploited by most other species, but which may become increasingly important with global warming. Conditions of development are dramatically different between the two seasons and deeply impact tadpole life-history traits. To determine whether these temporal niches are exploited by two genetically differentiated sub-populations, or whether the bimodal phenology arises in a panmictic population displaying plastic life-history traits, we use two complementary approaches. We measure both molecular genetic differentiation and quantitative-trait differentiation between spring and autumn cohorts, using microsatellites an common garden experiments respectively. Seasonal cohorts were not genetically differentiated and differences in tadpole life-history between cohorts were not maintained in laboratory conditions. We conclude that phenotypic plasticity, rather than genetic adaptation, allows Parsley frog to exploit two contrasted temporal niches.
Figure 4 from: Rohner PT, Haenni J-P, Giesen A, Busso JP, Schäfer MA, Püchel-Wieling F-W, Blanckenhorn WU (2019) Temporal niche partitioning of Swiss black scavenger flies in relation to season and substrate age (Diptera, Sepsidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.28366
Figure 4 Number of individuals of seven common sepsid species as a function of dung age (in hours (h)). While S.cynipsea, flavimana and orthocnemis are disproportionally often observed on fresh dung, S.duplicata and Saltellasphondylii gain in relative abundance over time. (Note the different scaling of the y-axes; data from Püchel 1993; S.duplicata data only qualitative.)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.